and Keywords This chapter examines radical right publishers, intellectual schools, parallel organiza tions, voluntary associations, small groups, political sects, and families. Party and non-party sectors of the radical right share... more
and Keywords This chapter examines radical right publishers, intellectual schools, parallel organiza tions, voluntary associations, small groups, political sects, and families. Party and non-party sectors of the radical right share common projects. They interact with each other, and the boundaries between their memberships, social networks, and formal or informal organizations overlap. Yet the non-party sector retains important specificities. Apart from identifying its social bases, main activities, organizational forms, and ideological orienta tions, this chapter attends to variations across Europe and between Europe and the Unit ed States. The conclusion proposes directions for future research: (1) fill in empirical gaps that emerge from an overview of the literature, (2) examine if interaction between economic globalization and welfare protection explains the strength of the non-party sec tor, and (3) test the hypothesis that a centripetal party system with a weak boundary be tween moderate and radical right favors the non-party sector of the radical right. THIS chapter avoids treating the realm of the radical right outside of political parties as a mere residual category-as a marginal and amorphous jumble of organizations and net works whose activity unfolds primarily or solely outside the party system. Instead we con sider the non-party sector as a challenger for political and cultural hegemony in contem porary liberal democracies alongside-if not in practical cooperation with-parties of the radical right. Whether party and non-party sectors of the radical right actually cooperate, common projects and opponents unite them. Their struggles are directed vertically as well as horizontally. Pushing upward, so to speak, one struggle pits the radical right against the hegemon: liberal democracy. Pushing sideways, another struggle pits the radi cal right against counterhegemonic rivals such as communism. So conceptualized, the ob ject of our study assumes diverse forms. To our knowledge, no previous scholarship has attempted to synthesize the geographically broad, cross-disciplinary research on these forms. In an effort to identify noteworthy elements, relationships, and research problems,
