The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cov... more The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cover classification and identify weak points of the approach for further technological research. The focus is put on the automation of the processing chain, while keeping standard level of product quality in the field of security and emergency. The so-called product “standards” are nonformal specifications common to GMES Services as for instance applied in RESPOND project. Object-Oriented Image Analysis was applied on the whole scene of very high resolution (VHR) image by means of fuzzy rule set created in DEFINIENS Developer. Classification nomenclature (25 classes) was defined according to the general RESPOND guidelines and experiences from other security and emergency products. The resulting Land Cover product was validated only by visual interpretation as there are missing in-situ data from the South Ossetia. The difficulties identified in the classification processing chain were mainl...
The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing... more The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing offers a means of fast and efficient monitoring, but still the optimal methodologies remain to be defined. The seasonal dynamics and spectral characteristics of the target invasive species are important factors, since, at certain time of the vegetation season (e.g., at flowering or senescing), plants are often more distinct (or more visible beneath the canopy). Our aim was to establish fast, repeatable and a cost-efficient, computer-assisted method applicable over larger areas, to reduce the costs of extensive field campaigns. To achieve this goal, we examined how the timing of monitoring affects the detection of noxious plant invaders in Central Europe, using two model herbaceous species with markedly different phenological, structural, and spectral characteristics. They are giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a species with very distinct flowering phase, and the less distinct kn...
The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cov... more The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cover classification and identify weak points of the approach for further technological research. The focus is put on the automation of the processing chain, while keeping standard level of product quality in the field of security and emergency. The so-called product “standards” are nonformal specifications common to GMES Services as for instance applied in RESPOND project. Object-Oriented Image Analysis was applied on the whole scene of very high resolution (VHR) image by means of fuzzy rule set created in DEFINIENS Developer. Classification nomenclature (25 classes) was defined according to the general RESPOND guidelines and experiences from other security and emergency products. The resulting Land Cover product was validated only by visual interpretation as there are missing in-situ data from the South Ossetia. The difficulties identified in the classification processing chain were mainl...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Invasive plant species represent a serious threat to biodiversity and landscape as well as human ... more Invasive plant species represent a serious threat to biodiversity and landscape as well as human health and socio-economy. To successfully fight plant invasions, new methods enabling fast and efficient monitoring, such as remote sensing, are needed. In an ongoing project, optical remote sensing (RS) data of different origin (satellite, aerial and UAV), spectral (panchromatic, multispectral and color), spatial (very high to medium) and temporal resolution, and various technical approaches (object-, pixel-based and combined) are tested to choose the best strategies for monitoring of four invasive plant species (giant hogweed, black locust, tree of heaven and exotic knotweeds). In our study, we address trade-offs between spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions required for balance between the precision of detection and economic feasibility. For the best results, it is necessary to choose best combination of spatial and spectral resolution and phenological stage of the plant in focus...
The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing... more The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing offers a means of fast and efficient monitoring, but still the optimal methodologies remain to be defined. The seasonal dynamics and spectral characteristics of the target invasive species are important factors, since, at certain time of the vegetation season (e.g., at flowering or senescing), plants are often more distinct (or more visible beneath the canopy). Our aim was to establish fast, repeatable and a cost-efficient, computer-assisted method applicable over larger areas, to reduce the costs of extensive field campaigns. To achieve this goal, we examined how the timing of monitoring affects the detection of noxious plant invaders in Central Europe, using two model herbaceous species with markedly different phenological, structural, and spectral characteristics. They are giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a species with very distinct flowering phase, and the less distinct knotweeds (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, and their hybrid F. × bohemica). The variety of data generated, such as imagery from purposely-designed, unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), and VHR satellite, and aerial color orthophotos enabled us to assess the effects of spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution (i.e., the target species' phenological state) for successful recognition. The demands for both spatial and spectral resolution depended largely on the target plant species. In the case that a species was sampled at the most distinct phenological phase, high accuracy was achieved even with lower spectral resolution of our low-cost UAV. This demonstrates that proper timing can to some extent compensate for the lower spectral resolution. The results of our study could serve as a basis for identifying priorities for management, targeted at localities with the greatest risk of invasive species' spread and, once eradicated, to monitor over time any return. The best mapping strategy should reflect morphological and structural features of the target plant and choose appropriate spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. The UAV enables flexible data acquisition for required time periods at low cost and is, therefore, well-suited for targeted monitoring; while satellite imagery provides the best solution for larger areas. Nonetheless, users must be aware of their limits.
Invasive species spread rapidly and their eradication is difficult. New methods enabling fast and... more Invasive species spread rapidly and their eradication is difficult. New methods enabling fast and efficient monitoring are urgently needed for their successful control. Remote sensing can improve early detection of invading plants and make their management more efficient and less expensive. In an ongoing project in the Czech Republic, we aim at developing innovative methods of mapping invasive plant species (semi-automatic detection algorithms) by using purposely designed unmanned aircraft (UAV). We examine possibilities for detection of two tree and two herb invasive species. Our aim is to establish fast, repeatable and efficient computer-assisted method of timely monitoring, reducing the costs of extensive field campaigns. For finding the best detection algorithm we test various classification approaches (object-, pixel-based and hybrid). Thanks to its flexibility and low cost, UAV enables assessing the effect of phenological stage and spatial resolution, and is most suitable for monitoring the efficiency of eradication efforts. However, several challenges exist in UAV application, such as geometrical and radiometric distortions, high amount of data to be processed and legal constrains for the UAV flight missions over urban areas (often highly invaded). The newly proposed UAV approach shall serve invasive species researchers, management practitioners and policy makers.
The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cov... more The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cover classification and identify weak points of the approach for further technological research. The focus is put on the automation of the processing chain, while keeping standard level of product quality in the field of security and emergency. The so-called product “standards” are nonformal specifications common to GMES Services as for instance applied in RESPOND project. Object-Oriented Image Analysis was applied on the whole scene of very high resolution (VHR) image by means of fuzzy rule set created in DEFINIENS Developer. Classification nomenclature (25 classes) was defined according to the general RESPOND guidelines and experiences from other security and emergency products. The resulting Land Cover product was validated only by visual interpretation as there are missing in-situ data from the South Ossetia. The difficulties identified in the classification processing chain were mainl...
The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing... more The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing offers a means of fast and efficient monitoring, but still the optimal methodologies remain to be defined. The seasonal dynamics and spectral characteristics of the target invasive species are important factors, since, at certain time of the vegetation season (e.g., at flowering or senescing), plants are often more distinct (or more visible beneath the canopy). Our aim was to establish fast, repeatable and a cost-efficient, computer-assisted method applicable over larger areas, to reduce the costs of extensive field campaigns. To achieve this goal, we examined how the timing of monitoring affects the detection of noxious plant invaders in Central Europe, using two model herbaceous species with markedly different phenological, structural, and spectral characteristics. They are giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a species with very distinct flowering phase, and the less distinct kn...
The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cov... more The aim of this work is to demonstrate current status of the operational object-oriented Land Cover classification and identify weak points of the approach for further technological research. The focus is put on the automation of the processing chain, while keeping standard level of product quality in the field of security and emergency. The so-called product “standards” are nonformal specifications common to GMES Services as for instance applied in RESPOND project. Object-Oriented Image Analysis was applied on the whole scene of very high resolution (VHR) image by means of fuzzy rule set created in DEFINIENS Developer. Classification nomenclature (25 classes) was defined according to the general RESPOND guidelines and experiences from other security and emergency products. The resulting Land Cover product was validated only by visual interpretation as there are missing in-situ data from the South Ossetia. The difficulties identified in the classification processing chain were mainl...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Invasive plant species represent a serious threat to biodiversity and landscape as well as human ... more Invasive plant species represent a serious threat to biodiversity and landscape as well as human health and socio-economy. To successfully fight plant invasions, new methods enabling fast and efficient monitoring, such as remote sensing, are needed. In an ongoing project, optical remote sensing (RS) data of different origin (satellite, aerial and UAV), spectral (panchromatic, multispectral and color), spatial (very high to medium) and temporal resolution, and various technical approaches (object-, pixel-based and combined) are tested to choose the best strategies for monitoring of four invasive plant species (giant hogweed, black locust, tree of heaven and exotic knotweeds). In our study, we address trade-offs between spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions required for balance between the precision of detection and economic feasibility. For the best results, it is necessary to choose best combination of spatial and spectral resolution and phenological stage of the plant in focus...
The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing... more The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing offers a means of fast and efficient monitoring, but still the optimal methodologies remain to be defined. The seasonal dynamics and spectral characteristics of the target invasive species are important factors, since, at certain time of the vegetation season (e.g., at flowering or senescing), plants are often more distinct (or more visible beneath the canopy). Our aim was to establish fast, repeatable and a cost-efficient, computer-assisted method applicable over larger areas, to reduce the costs of extensive field campaigns. To achieve this goal, we examined how the timing of monitoring affects the detection of noxious plant invaders in Central Europe, using two model herbaceous species with markedly different phenological, structural, and spectral characteristics. They are giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a species with very distinct flowering phase, and the less distinct knotweeds (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, and their hybrid F. × bohemica). The variety of data generated, such as imagery from purposely-designed, unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), and VHR satellite, and aerial color orthophotos enabled us to assess the effects of spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution (i.e., the target species' phenological state) for successful recognition. The demands for both spatial and spectral resolution depended largely on the target plant species. In the case that a species was sampled at the most distinct phenological phase, high accuracy was achieved even with lower spectral resolution of our low-cost UAV. This demonstrates that proper timing can to some extent compensate for the lower spectral resolution. The results of our study could serve as a basis for identifying priorities for management, targeted at localities with the greatest risk of invasive species' spread and, once eradicated, to monitor over time any return. The best mapping strategy should reflect morphological and structural features of the target plant and choose appropriate spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. The UAV enables flexible data acquisition for required time periods at low cost and is, therefore, well-suited for targeted monitoring; while satellite imagery provides the best solution for larger areas. Nonetheless, users must be aware of their limits.
Invasive species spread rapidly and their eradication is difficult. New methods enabling fast and... more Invasive species spread rapidly and their eradication is difficult. New methods enabling fast and efficient monitoring are urgently needed for their successful control. Remote sensing can improve early detection of invading plants and make their management more efficient and less expensive. In an ongoing project in the Czech Republic, we aim at developing innovative methods of mapping invasive plant species (semi-automatic detection algorithms) by using purposely designed unmanned aircraft (UAV). We examine possibilities for detection of two tree and two herb invasive species. Our aim is to establish fast, repeatable and efficient computer-assisted method of timely monitoring, reducing the costs of extensive field campaigns. For finding the best detection algorithm we test various classification approaches (object-, pixel-based and hybrid). Thanks to its flexibility and low cost, UAV enables assessing the effect of phenological stage and spatial resolution, and is most suitable for monitoring the efficiency of eradication efforts. However, several challenges exist in UAV application, such as geometrical and radiometric distortions, high amount of data to be processed and legal constrains for the UAV flight missions over urban areas (often highly invaded). The newly proposed UAV approach shall serve invasive species researchers, management practitioners and policy makers.
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Papers by Tomas Bartalos