Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part III
The ever increasing computerization in vehicles, combined with an increasing pressure for researc... more The ever increasing computerization in vehicles, combined with an increasing pressure for researchers to deliver results, calls for technology that can quickly record and analyze a drivers behavior. With Drivelab, an easy to use system for measuring and analyzing driver behavior, Green Dino, Noldus Information Technology and SmartEye introduce a system that meets those needs. Drivelab is built on Green Dino’s driving simulator, SmartEye’s Smart Eye Pro and Noldus’ The Observer XT. It records common driver performance measure and various (cognitive) workload measures. Using real-time date exchange, data analysis can start immediately after a trial.
With increasingly complex user interfaces and advancing automation, measuring the state of the dr... more With increasingly complex user interfaces and advancing automation, measuring the state of the driver has never been more important. By using sensor fusion techniques we combine information from multiple sources to accurately and robustly measure the driver’s state—drowsiness and attention, workload and cognitive load, pleasure and anxiety. Only by integrating and synchronizing all the data streams can we properly understand the interaction of the driver and the vehicle.
Previous studies indicate that both electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power (in particular the ... more Previous studies indicate that both electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power (in particular the alpha and theta band) and event-related potentials (ERPs) (in particular the P300) can be used as a measure of mental work or memory load. We compare their ability to estimate workload level in a well-controlled task. In addition, we combine both types of measures in a single classification model to examine whether this results in higher classification accuracy than either one alone. Participants watched a sequence of visually presented letters and indicated whether or not the current letter was the same as the one (n instances) before. Workload was varied by varying n. We developed different classification models using ERP features, frequency power features or a combination (fusion). Training and testing of the models simulated an online workload estimation situation. All our ERP, power and fusion models provide classification accuracies between 80% and 90% when distinguishing between the highest and the lowest workload condition after 2 min. For 32 out of 35 participants, classification was significantly higher than chance level after 2.5 s (or one letter) as estimated by the fusion model. Differences between the models are rather small, though the fusion model performs better than the other models when only short data segments are available for estimating workload.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2014
With the ever increasing computerization in vehicles it becomes essential to assess the impact th... more With the ever increasing computerization in vehicles it becomes essential to assess the impact these technologies have on drivers. DriveLab is an easy to use system for measuring and analyzing driver behavior. Introduced by Green Dino, Noldus Information Technology and SmartEye, it is designed to support researchers’ need to quickly record and analyze a driver’s behavior. It records common driver performance measures and various (cognitive) workload measures. Using real-time date exchange, data analysis can start immediately after a trial.
Michel Alders, Jasper Michiel van Hemert, Jasper Pauwelussen, Tobias Heffelaar, Riender Happee, J... more Michel Alders, Jasper Michiel van Hemert, Jasper Pauwelussen, Tobias Heffelaar, Riender Happee, Joop Pauwelussen Tom Tom, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Michel.Alders@tomtom.com, JasperMichiel.vanHemert@tomtom.com TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands. Jasper.Pauwelussen@tno.nl, Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands. T.Heffelaar@noldus.nl Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. R.Happee@tudelft.nl HAN University of Applied Technology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Joop.Pauwelussen@han.nl
To use highly automated vehicles while a driver remains responsible for safe driving, places new ... more To use highly automated vehicles while a driver remains responsible for safe driving, places new – yet demanding, requirements on the human operator. This is because the automation creates a gap between drivers’ responsibility and the human capabilities to take responsibility, especially for unexpected or time-critical transitions of control. This gap is not being addressed by current practises of driver licensing. Based on literature review, this research collects drivers’ requirements to enable safe transitions in control attuned to human capabilities. This knowledge is intended to help system developers and authorities to identify the requirements on human operators to (re)take responsibility for safe driving after automation.
The task of driving has become more complicated over the years. Advanced Driver Assistance System... more The task of driving has become more complicated over the years. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) have introduced computer technology in cars. Despite the aim of a significant number of these systems to support drivers they can also increase the complexity of driving. Combining this with the fact that distraction plays a role in most (near) accidents [1], it is crucial to ensure that newly introduced systems do not add complexity nor increase distraction.
PCT No. PCT/DK90/00216 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 31, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 31, 1992 PCT Filed Aug. ... more PCT No. PCT/DK90/00216 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 31, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 31, 1992 PCT Filed Aug. 23, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/02694 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 7, 1991.A valve arrangement is so adapted that it can be used for a transportable container (1) for storing and distribution of a liquid under pressure from a propellant gas. The arrangement comprises a stub (2) secured in an opening upwardly in the container (1) and a double valve (12) with both a gas and a liquid passage (33, 35). The valve (12) substantially consists of a valve housing (3), which can be detachably mounted in the stub (2), as well as a riser pipe part (15), which is mounted co-axially with an upper reception area in the valve housing (3) and which can be displaced from an upper closed valve position to a lower open valve position against the pressure of a spring (10). The riser pipe part (15) can moreover be displaced additionally a distance downwardly from the lower open valve position to a lower bottom position. Fur...
Driver assistance systems (ADAS), and especially those containing driving automation, change the ... more Driver assistance systems (ADAS), and especially those containing driving automation, change the role of drivers to supervisors who need to safeguard the system’s operation. Despite the aim to increase safety, the new tasks (supervision and intervention) may jeopardize safety. Consequently, safety officers address the need for specific training on ADAS. However, these tasks are not assessed in driver licensing today. Therefore, we developed a framework to assess in-practice driving proficiency when drivers utilize ADAS. This study evaluated whether the proposed framework is able to identify meaningful differences in driving proficiency between driving with and without assistance. We applied the framework to perform a qualitative assessment of driving proficiency with 12 novice drivers in a field experiment, comparable to a license test. The assistance system concerned Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The test showed that driving with ACC has a negative influence on self-initiated mano...
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services - MobileHCI '05, 2005
This tutorial offers participants an intensive half-day course in video technology, software tool... more This tutorial offers participants an intensive half-day course in video technology, software tools and integrated solutions for mobile HCI studies. After this tutorial participants will be up to date with the latest proven methods and tools for mobile data collection and analysis.
In user interface development, it is essential to find the balance between grasping and, subseque... more In user interface development, it is essential to find the balance between grasping and, subsequently, holding attention and providing an optimal information density both in the center and periphery of focus, refraining from information overload. This process is like balancing on a thin line: the exact amount and optimal manner of information presentation are crucial. In this paper, we provide
Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part III
The ever increasing computerization in vehicles, combined with an increasing pressure for researc... more The ever increasing computerization in vehicles, combined with an increasing pressure for researchers to deliver results, calls for technology that can quickly record and analyze a drivers behavior. With Drivelab, an easy to use system for measuring and analyzing driver behavior, Green Dino, Noldus Information Technology and SmartEye introduce a system that meets those needs. Drivelab is built on Green Dino’s driving simulator, SmartEye’s Smart Eye Pro and Noldus’ The Observer XT. It records common driver performance measure and various (cognitive) workload measures. Using real-time date exchange, data analysis can start immediately after a trial.
With increasingly complex user interfaces and advancing automation, measuring the state of the dr... more With increasingly complex user interfaces and advancing automation, measuring the state of the driver has never been more important. By using sensor fusion techniques we combine information from multiple sources to accurately and robustly measure the driver’s state—drowsiness and attention, workload and cognitive load, pleasure and anxiety. Only by integrating and synchronizing all the data streams can we properly understand the interaction of the driver and the vehicle.
Previous studies indicate that both electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power (in particular the ... more Previous studies indicate that both electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power (in particular the alpha and theta band) and event-related potentials (ERPs) (in particular the P300) can be used as a measure of mental work or memory load. We compare their ability to estimate workload level in a well-controlled task. In addition, we combine both types of measures in a single classification model to examine whether this results in higher classification accuracy than either one alone. Participants watched a sequence of visually presented letters and indicated whether or not the current letter was the same as the one (n instances) before. Workload was varied by varying n. We developed different classification models using ERP features, frequency power features or a combination (fusion). Training and testing of the models simulated an online workload estimation situation. All our ERP, power and fusion models provide classification accuracies between 80% and 90% when distinguishing between the highest and the lowest workload condition after 2 min. For 32 out of 35 participants, classification was significantly higher than chance level after 2.5 s (or one letter) as estimated by the fusion model. Differences between the models are rather small, though the fusion model performs better than the other models when only short data segments are available for estimating workload.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2014
With the ever increasing computerization in vehicles it becomes essential to assess the impact th... more With the ever increasing computerization in vehicles it becomes essential to assess the impact these technologies have on drivers. DriveLab is an easy to use system for measuring and analyzing driver behavior. Introduced by Green Dino, Noldus Information Technology and SmartEye, it is designed to support researchers’ need to quickly record and analyze a driver’s behavior. It records common driver performance measures and various (cognitive) workload measures. Using real-time date exchange, data analysis can start immediately after a trial.
Michel Alders, Jasper Michiel van Hemert, Jasper Pauwelussen, Tobias Heffelaar, Riender Happee, J... more Michel Alders, Jasper Michiel van Hemert, Jasper Pauwelussen, Tobias Heffelaar, Riender Happee, Joop Pauwelussen Tom Tom, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Michel.Alders@tomtom.com, JasperMichiel.vanHemert@tomtom.com TNO, Soesterberg, The Netherlands. Jasper.Pauwelussen@tno.nl, Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands. T.Heffelaar@noldus.nl Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. R.Happee@tudelft.nl HAN University of Applied Technology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Joop.Pauwelussen@han.nl
To use highly automated vehicles while a driver remains responsible for safe driving, places new ... more To use highly automated vehicles while a driver remains responsible for safe driving, places new – yet demanding, requirements on the human operator. This is because the automation creates a gap between drivers’ responsibility and the human capabilities to take responsibility, especially for unexpected or time-critical transitions of control. This gap is not being addressed by current practises of driver licensing. Based on literature review, this research collects drivers’ requirements to enable safe transitions in control attuned to human capabilities. This knowledge is intended to help system developers and authorities to identify the requirements on human operators to (re)take responsibility for safe driving after automation.
The task of driving has become more complicated over the years. Advanced Driver Assistance System... more The task of driving has become more complicated over the years. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) have introduced computer technology in cars. Despite the aim of a significant number of these systems to support drivers they can also increase the complexity of driving. Combining this with the fact that distraction plays a role in most (near) accidents [1], it is crucial to ensure that newly introduced systems do not add complexity nor increase distraction.
PCT No. PCT/DK90/00216 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 31, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 31, 1992 PCT Filed Aug. ... more PCT No. PCT/DK90/00216 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 31, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 31, 1992 PCT Filed Aug. 23, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/02694 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 7, 1991.A valve arrangement is so adapted that it can be used for a transportable container (1) for storing and distribution of a liquid under pressure from a propellant gas. The arrangement comprises a stub (2) secured in an opening upwardly in the container (1) and a double valve (12) with both a gas and a liquid passage (33, 35). The valve (12) substantially consists of a valve housing (3), which can be detachably mounted in the stub (2), as well as a riser pipe part (15), which is mounted co-axially with an upper reception area in the valve housing (3) and which can be displaced from an upper closed valve position to a lower open valve position against the pressure of a spring (10). The riser pipe part (15) can moreover be displaced additionally a distance downwardly from the lower open valve position to a lower bottom position. Fur...
Driver assistance systems (ADAS), and especially those containing driving automation, change the ... more Driver assistance systems (ADAS), and especially those containing driving automation, change the role of drivers to supervisors who need to safeguard the system’s operation. Despite the aim to increase safety, the new tasks (supervision and intervention) may jeopardize safety. Consequently, safety officers address the need for specific training on ADAS. However, these tasks are not assessed in driver licensing today. Therefore, we developed a framework to assess in-practice driving proficiency when drivers utilize ADAS. This study evaluated whether the proposed framework is able to identify meaningful differences in driving proficiency between driving with and without assistance. We applied the framework to perform a qualitative assessment of driving proficiency with 12 novice drivers in a field experiment, comparable to a license test. The assistance system concerned Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The test showed that driving with ACC has a negative influence on self-initiated mano...
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services - MobileHCI '05, 2005
This tutorial offers participants an intensive half-day course in video technology, software tool... more This tutorial offers participants an intensive half-day course in video technology, software tools and integrated solutions for mobile HCI studies. After this tutorial participants will be up to date with the latest proven methods and tools for mobile data collection and analysis.
In user interface development, it is essential to find the balance between grasping and, subseque... more In user interface development, it is essential to find the balance between grasping and, subsequently, holding attention and providing an optimal information density both in the center and periphery of focus, refraining from information overload. This process is like balancing on a thin line: the exact amount and optimal manner of information presentation are crucial. In this paper, we provide
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