An accurate and extensive study of the qualitative morphological diversity of sugarcane genotypes... more An accurate and extensive study of the qualitative morphological diversity of sugarcane genotypes would allow their identification, conservation and utilization in the sugarcane breeding program. The objectives of the study were to characterize and estimate the morphological diversity of sugarcane genotypes using qualitative traits. Data collected for 16 qualitative characters were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis to assess the overall patterns of morphological variation. Shannon diversity index (H′) was calculated to estimate morphological diversity. The result indicated that the qualitative traits revealed high variability among 144 sugarcane genotypes. The most polymorphic character with the highest Shannon diversity index (H′) was stalk corky patchs. The H′ averaged across all countries for different characters was found to vary from 0.50 to 0.76 with an average of 0.61. The H′ pooled across characters by country of collection ranged from 0.00 to 0...
Root formation of rootless in vitro microshoots can be induced ex vitro with auxin during ex vitr... more Root formation of rootless in vitro microshoots can be induced ex vitro with auxin during ex vitro acclimatization period to shorten the procedure and to reduce plantlet production cost of micropropagation. Hence, this study was carried out using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of different concentrations of auxin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/l) on ex vitro root development of sugarcane microshoots. The basal end of the shoots was dipped in auxin solution overnight before the shoots were transferred into a plastic tray containing a mixed growing medium in green house. The results showed that for genotype N52, best root formation was found on the shoots treated with 20 mg/l NAA by which rooting frequency was 76% with 5.88±0.04 cm root length and 8.06±0.13 number of roots per plantlets. While in genotype N53 maximum root formation was recorded on the shoots dipped in 30 mg/l NAA by which rooting frequency was 70% with 5.42±0.11cm root length and 4.52±0.19 number of roo...
The traditional propagation methods allow the clonal multiplication of genotypes of interest but ... more The traditional propagation methods allow the clonal multiplication of genotypes of interest but at relatively low propagation rates, which explains why the introduction of a new genotype into agricultural practices may take a number of years. Tissue culture technique has emerged as best alternative tool before three decades to overcome this problem. It allows the rapid production of a large number of plants, even where normally the species has low multiplication rates. At the same time, the space requirement for such multiplication is considerably smaller. This application is therefore ideal for the massive multiplication of species or genotypes with commercial potential, whether these are plants of agriculture or horticulture, such as fresh cut flowers, ornamental plants or fruit trees. The massive propagation of plants has traditionally been carried out in solid medium nevertheless during the last few years; cultures in liquid medium with the objective of massive plant propagatio...
Data obtained from multi-environment yield trials of sugarcane are usually analyzed using traditi... more Data obtained from multi-environment yield trials of sugarcane are usually analyzed using traditional models that detect only those variations existed between plots or test genotypes. However, blocking does not control spatial heterogeneity existed within and between trials. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the application and relative importance of spatial analysis for sugarcane multi-environment trials conducted under different designs. Yield data obtained from 20 yield trials were analyzed using classical linear and autoregressive models on the basis of mixed model. Results of the within trial analysis indicated both Akaike information criterion (AIC) and relative efficiency selected the classical linear model as best model in most of the cases. The anisotropic autoregressive model was the best model in modeling cane and sugar yields data of plant cane crop trials which received poor management practices and should be applied under these circumstances. When we analyze...
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
Study was carried out with an objective to determine the appropriate concentrations and combinati... more Study was carried out with an objective to determine the appropriate concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin for in vitro shoot multiplication of elite sugarcane genotypes i.e., N52 and N53. Shoot tip was used as explant source. Shoot initiation from explant of the two genotypes was achieved at a combination of BAP, kinetin and NAA (0.5 mg/l each). For shoot multiplication, the regenerated and twice subcultured shoots on semi-solid medium were transferred on liquid Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3% sucrose, fortified with various concentrations and combinations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/l) and Kinetin (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/l).The cultures were agitated continuously on an orbital shaker moving at 80 rpm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the interaction effects of 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and the sugarcane genotypes on number of shoots per explant, average shoot length and number of leaves per shoot was very highly significant (P <...
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) yield productivity is potentially affected by maturity which... more Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) yield productivity is potentially affected by maturity which is genotypic and environment dependent. The limited information about the effects of genotypes, maturity and climate on sugarcane yield has been the main concern in sugarcane production of Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to characterize sugarcane production environments of Ethiopia using meteorological and maturity data, classify genotypes using maturity data collected over growing seasons and across locations (Sugar Estates) and identify the major climatic conditions affecting the variability in sugarcane maturity. The design of the experiment was simple lattice design replicated across five locations and three seasons. Recoverable sucrose percentage and Brix Data of 49 genotypes evaluated across environments were collected over crop ages and subjected to ANOVA, Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and AMMI2 analyses. Results from ANOVA revealed brix percentage measurements were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by environment, genotype and their interaction effects. Both principal component and additive main and multiplicative interaction (AMMI2) bi-plots generated similar genotype adaptations to maturity and successfully classify the genotypes in to early, medium and late under specific environments. Most of the CIRAD advanced lines were early maturing with wide range of maturing periods while those genotypes that were introduced at mid-way selection state were medium maturity. The correlation analysis made between environmental covariates and environmental IPCA scores demonstrated mean, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity regimes were the major climatic conditions affecting genotype × location interactions for brix percentage within 14-16 months of crop ages while minimum relative humidity was the major environmental factor that affect maturity across locations within 10-18 months crop ages. Further applications of these techniques will involve the inclusion of covariates derived from soil, climatic and management factors over diverse regions.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the G x E (genotype × environment) interaction using ... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the G x E (genotype × environment) interaction using AMMI and GGE-biplot analysis for sugar yield of sugarcane genotypes and identify stable clones in the old sugar estates of Ethiopia. Eleven sugarcane clones plus one control clone were evaluated during three crop cycles (plant cane and first and second ratoon crops) in eight environments. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with three replicates in over 3 years and locations. Adaptability and phenotypic stability of the sugarcane clones were evaluated using Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and Genotype main effect and genotype x environment interaction (GGE). AMMI analyses revealed significant (P < 0.01) genotype and environmental effects as well as G × E with respect to sugar yield. In the analysis of variance, 48.8% of the sugar yield variation was explained by the environment, 16.9% by differences among genotypes, and 16.8% by GE interaction. GGE-biplot models showed that the eight environments used for the study belonged to two mega-environments. According to AMMI and the GGE results, clones G3 (FG05-424), the check variety G5 (NCO334), and G10 (FG06-750) were the most productive in tons of sugar per hectare and stable and recommended for the test environments. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Our research group is involved in research on sugarcane breeding and biotechnology. The team is working on evaluation and maintenance of sugarcane genetic resources and provision of adaptable high performing sugarcane varieties to the various sugarcane producing agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. Research areas of interest include study of abiotic and biotic stresses to sugarcane crop production and producing superior high yielding varieties that enhance productivity of the sugar industry. PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT In Ethiopia, as in other tropical countries, sugar-cane is the main source of sugar and sugar industry plays a significant role in the socioecon-omy of the country. The sugarcane breeding program aims to select new genotypes with local or broad adaptation to provide high yields over several crop years within target environments representative of different cultivation areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the G x E interaction using AMMI and GGE-biplot analysis for sugar yield of sugarcane genotypes and identify stable clones in the old sugar estates of Ethiopia. Findings of the study confirmed that the eight environments used for the study belonged to two mega-environments. Sugarcane clones performing consistently in the test environments were identified and recommended. Findings from this study indicate representative test environments for future evaluation of sugarcane clones.
An accurate and extensive study of the qualitative morphological diversity of sugarcane genotypes... more An accurate and extensive study of the qualitative morphological diversity of sugarcane genotypes would allow their identification, conservation and utilization in the sugarcane breeding program. The objectives of the study were to characterize and estimate the morphological diversity of sugarcane genotypes using qualitative traits. Data collected for 16 qualitative characters were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis to assess the overall patterns of morphological variation. Shannon diversity index (H′) was calculated to estimate morphological diversity. The result indicated that the qualitative traits revealed high variability among 144 sugarcane genotypes. The most polymorphic character with the highest Shannon diversity index (H′) was stalk corky patchs. The H′ averaged across all countries for different characters was found to vary from 0.50 to 0.76 with an average of 0.61. The H′ pooled across characters by country of collection ranged from 0.00 to 0...
Root formation of rootless in vitro microshoots can be induced ex vitro with auxin during ex vitr... more Root formation of rootless in vitro microshoots can be induced ex vitro with auxin during ex vitro acclimatization period to shorten the procedure and to reduce plantlet production cost of micropropagation. Hence, this study was carried out using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of different concentrations of auxin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg/l) on ex vitro root development of sugarcane microshoots. The basal end of the shoots was dipped in auxin solution overnight before the shoots were transferred into a plastic tray containing a mixed growing medium in green house. The results showed that for genotype N52, best root formation was found on the shoots treated with 20 mg/l NAA by which rooting frequency was 76% with 5.88±0.04 cm root length and 8.06±0.13 number of roots per plantlets. While in genotype N53 maximum root formation was recorded on the shoots dipped in 30 mg/l NAA by which rooting frequency was 70% with 5.42±0.11cm root length and 4.52±0.19 number of roo...
The traditional propagation methods allow the clonal multiplication of genotypes of interest but ... more The traditional propagation methods allow the clonal multiplication of genotypes of interest but at relatively low propagation rates, which explains why the introduction of a new genotype into agricultural practices may take a number of years. Tissue culture technique has emerged as best alternative tool before three decades to overcome this problem. It allows the rapid production of a large number of plants, even where normally the species has low multiplication rates. At the same time, the space requirement for such multiplication is considerably smaller. This application is therefore ideal for the massive multiplication of species or genotypes with commercial potential, whether these are plants of agriculture or horticulture, such as fresh cut flowers, ornamental plants or fruit trees. The massive propagation of plants has traditionally been carried out in solid medium nevertheless during the last few years; cultures in liquid medium with the objective of massive plant propagatio...
Data obtained from multi-environment yield trials of sugarcane are usually analyzed using traditi... more Data obtained from multi-environment yield trials of sugarcane are usually analyzed using traditional models that detect only those variations existed between plots or test genotypes. However, blocking does not control spatial heterogeneity existed within and between trials. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the application and relative importance of spatial analysis for sugarcane multi-environment trials conducted under different designs. Yield data obtained from 20 yield trials were analyzed using classical linear and autoregressive models on the basis of mixed model. Results of the within trial analysis indicated both Akaike information criterion (AIC) and relative efficiency selected the classical linear model as best model in most of the cases. The anisotropic autoregressive model was the best model in modeling cane and sugar yields data of plant cane crop trials which received poor management practices and should be applied under these circumstances. When we analyze...
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2016
Study was carried out with an objective to determine the appropriate concentrations and combinati... more Study was carried out with an objective to determine the appropriate concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin for in vitro shoot multiplication of elite sugarcane genotypes i.e., N52 and N53. Shoot tip was used as explant source. Shoot initiation from explant of the two genotypes was achieved at a combination of BAP, kinetin and NAA (0.5 mg/l each). For shoot multiplication, the regenerated and twice subcultured shoots on semi-solid medium were transferred on liquid Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3% sucrose, fortified with various concentrations and combinations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mg/l) and Kinetin (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/l).The cultures were agitated continuously on an orbital shaker moving at 80 rpm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the interaction effects of 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin and the sugarcane genotypes on number of shoots per explant, average shoot length and number of leaves per shoot was very highly significant (P <...
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) yield productivity is potentially affected by maturity which... more Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) yield productivity is potentially affected by maturity which is genotypic and environment dependent. The limited information about the effects of genotypes, maturity and climate on sugarcane yield has been the main concern in sugarcane production of Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to characterize sugarcane production environments of Ethiopia using meteorological and maturity data, classify genotypes using maturity data collected over growing seasons and across locations (Sugar Estates) and identify the major climatic conditions affecting the variability in sugarcane maturity. The design of the experiment was simple lattice design replicated across five locations and three seasons. Recoverable sucrose percentage and Brix Data of 49 genotypes evaluated across environments were collected over crop ages and subjected to ANOVA, Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and AMMI2 analyses. Results from ANOVA revealed brix percentage measurements were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by environment, genotype and their interaction effects. Both principal component and additive main and multiplicative interaction (AMMI2) bi-plots generated similar genotype adaptations to maturity and successfully classify the genotypes in to early, medium and late under specific environments. Most of the CIRAD advanced lines were early maturing with wide range of maturing periods while those genotypes that were introduced at mid-way selection state were medium maturity. The correlation analysis made between environmental covariates and environmental IPCA scores demonstrated mean, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity regimes were the major climatic conditions affecting genotype × location interactions for brix percentage within 14-16 months of crop ages while minimum relative humidity was the major environmental factor that affect maturity across locations within 10-18 months crop ages. Further applications of these techniques will involve the inclusion of covariates derived from soil, climatic and management factors over diverse regions.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the G x E (genotype × environment) interaction using ... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the G x E (genotype × environment) interaction using AMMI and GGE-biplot analysis for sugar yield of sugarcane genotypes and identify stable clones in the old sugar estates of Ethiopia. Eleven sugarcane clones plus one control clone were evaluated during three crop cycles (plant cane and first and second ratoon crops) in eight environments. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with three replicates in over 3 years and locations. Adaptability and phenotypic stability of the sugarcane clones were evaluated using Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and Genotype main effect and genotype x environment interaction (GGE). AMMI analyses revealed significant (P < 0.01) genotype and environmental effects as well as G × E with respect to sugar yield. In the analysis of variance, 48.8% of the sugar yield variation was explained by the environment, 16.9% by differences among genotypes, and 16.8% by GE interaction. GGE-biplot models showed that the eight environments used for the study belonged to two mega-environments. According to AMMI and the GGE results, clones G3 (FG05-424), the check variety G5 (NCO334), and G10 (FG06-750) were the most productive in tons of sugar per hectare and stable and recommended for the test environments. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Our research group is involved in research on sugarcane breeding and biotechnology. The team is working on evaluation and maintenance of sugarcane genetic resources and provision of adaptable high performing sugarcane varieties to the various sugarcane producing agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. Research areas of interest include study of abiotic and biotic stresses to sugarcane crop production and producing superior high yielding varieties that enhance productivity of the sugar industry. PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT In Ethiopia, as in other tropical countries, sugar-cane is the main source of sugar and sugar industry plays a significant role in the socioecon-omy of the country. The sugarcane breeding program aims to select new genotypes with local or broad adaptation to provide high yields over several crop years within target environments representative of different cultivation areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the G x E interaction using AMMI and GGE-biplot analysis for sugar yield of sugarcane genotypes and identify stable clones in the old sugar estates of Ethiopia. Findings of the study confirmed that the eight environments used for the study belonged to two mega-environments. Sugarcane clones performing consistently in the test environments were identified and recommended. Findings from this study indicate representative test environments for future evaluation of sugarcane clones.
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Papers by Melaku Tesfa