Foods and diets of communities involved in inland aquaculture in Malaita Province, Solomon Island... more Foods and diets of communities involved in inland aquaculture in Malaita Province, Solomon Islands 2FOODS AND DIETS OF COMMUNITIES INVOLVED
One of a series of six reports on the status of marine resources in the western Pacific Ocean, th... more One of a series of six reports on the status of marine resources in the western Pacific Ocean, the State of the Coral Triangle: Solomon Islands describes the biophysical characteristics of Solomon Islands’ coastal and marine ecosystems, the manner in which they are being exploited, the framework in place that governs their use, the socioeconomic characteristics of the communities that use them, and the environmental threats posed by the manner in which they are being used. It explains the country’s national plan of action to address these threats and improve marine resource management.
Fish is crucial to food and nutrition security in Solomon Islands, and demand is expected to incr... more Fish is crucial to food and nutrition security in Solomon Islands, and demand is expected to increase due to a growing population. However, it is projected that current capture fisheries production will not meet this growing demand. Aquaculture has the potential to mitigate the capture fishery shortfall, and the Government of Solomon Islands is prioritizing aquaculture as a solution to meet future food and income needs. Aquaculture in Solomon Islands is still in early development. Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is farmed for household consumption, but its prolific reproductive rate and resulting slow growth limit its potential as a commercial aquaculture species. More productive fish species that are not indigenous to Solomon Islands but are successfully farmed overseas could be introduced; however, such a decision needs to take into account the potential ecological or social impacts. For land-based pond aquaculture, the only indigenous species that has been farmed ext...
... organizations of the member countries of SW Pacific GCRMN, and the communities of Fiji, Nauru... more ... organizations of the member countries of SW Pacific GCRMN, and the communities of Fiji, Nauru, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu ... Last but not least, special thanks go to Lynette Kumar, Cameron Hay, Timothy Picker-ing and Shital Swarup, who have helped ...
In a recently published article by us (Barclay et al. 2018), we considered gender in the context ... more In a recently published article by us (Barclay et al. 2018), we considered gender in the context of broader social trends around livelihoods using a case study of shell money production and trade in Solomon Islands. We pooled data from several research projects conducted by the authors between 2010 and 2017 to explore the shell money value chain in Langalanga Lagoon in Malaita Province. Our methods included qualitative interviews (n = 12, eight women, two men, two family groups), focus group discussions with women (n = 5) and men (n = 9) and quantitative questionnaires with 316 households. We complemented this research material with a literature review of published papers providing historical and anthropological accounts of gender norms and roles associated with livelihoods.
In many Pacific Island countries, modernity has weakened the foundation of community-based resour... more In many Pacific Island countries, modernity has weakened the foundation of community-based resource management. In this article we describe a cooperative process among six communities in Langalanga Lagoon in order to explore how collective efforts to improve natural resource management can evolve in situations where natural resources are degraded and contested, and where both traditional and centralised mechanisms to control use have either been weakened or are missing. For over five years, communities in Langalanga Lagoon have gone through several phases of increasing cooperation initiated and driven by community members to reach a level of association that has been formalised as a communitybased organisation. A management plan for a locally managed marine area has been developed, but has not yet been fully implemented. Although community cooperation has been predominantly an internal negotiation, activities by non-governmental organisations have facilitated its development. This c...
This final report details activities, reflections and policy recommendations arising from the pro... more This final report details activities, reflections and policy recommendations arising from the project: Responding to climate change using an adaptation pathways and decision-making approach. The project is a component of the ADB/GEF-funded RETA R-PATA 7753: Strengthening Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle of the Pacific (Phase 2). This report highlights the results of activities undertaken in collaboration with community members and regional and national nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and government representatives in Timor-Leste and Solomon Islands.
Livelihood diversification has been the heartbeat of rural development projects over the past two... more Livelihood diversification has been the heartbeat of rural development projects over the past two decades. Many livelihood diversification programs are based on the often implicit assumption that introducing livelihood activities will translate into improved livelihood outcomes. In this study we analyze survey data from 235 households in Langalanga Lagoon, Solomon Islands. We explore relationships between household livelihoods and food security to guide the types of activities that may be appropriate for rural development planning. Results show high rates of food insecurity, where half of the surveyed households were moderately food insecure and a quarter of households severely food insecure. Importantly, we do not find any links between household livelihoods activities and food security; households valued livelihoods very differently. We discuss the implications of these findings for rural development planning.
Global change, and their constituent issues and the priorities identified during this process. Th... more Global change, and their constituent issues and the priorities identified during this process. The evaluation of severity of each issue adheres to a set of predefined criteria as provided in the chapter describing the GIWA methodology. In this section, the scoring of GIWA concerns and issues is presented in Table 6. IMPACT Freshwater shortage " The availability of freshwater is one of the most critical environmental issues of our time and is particularly true in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semi-arid and the precipitation is highly variable. The relatively large population and delicate ecosystems therefore, depend on water resources that vary greatly due to climate fluctuations and human induced changes. With increasing population and development we can expect that the pressures on existing water supplies in Africa and the vulnerability of the populations dependent on these resources will continue to grow " (Coe 2001). Freshwater shortage was co...
Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supply in Sol... more Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supply in Solomon Islands. However, aquaculture is relatively new in the Pacific and such potential is hampered by a lack of aquaculture knowledge and practice within local cultures. A participatory action research approach was used to conduct on-farm trials with farmers in Solomon Islands to develop relevant and improved ways of farming and maximising productivity of the resident exotic tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. During the 34 month period when the research was undertaken improvements were evident, through increased farmer participation and improved knowledge of farmers on pond design and fish husbandry techniques. One of the contributing factors to improved farmer understanding was the production of knowledge products which were co-developed with and based on the farmers' local context. Productivity of a typical 20–38 m2 pond ranged from 726 to 1819 kg ha− 1 year− 1. Because 80% of this p...
Abstract Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supp... more Abstract Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supply in Solomon Islands. However, aquaculture is relatively new in the Pacific and such potential is hampered by a lack of aquaculture knowledge and practice within local cultures. A participatory action research approach was used to conduct on-farm trials with farmers in Solomon Islands to develop relevant and improved ways of farming and maximising productivity of the resident exotic tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. During the 34 month period when the research was undertaken improvements were evident, through increased farmer participation and improved knowledge of farmers on pond design and fish husbandry techniques. One of the contributing factors to improved farmer understanding was the production of knowledge products which were co-developed with and based on the farmers' local context. Productivity of a typical 20–38 m2 pond ranged from 726 to 1819 kg ha− 1 year− 1. Because 80% of this production was consumed by households, such ponds, producing easily harvestable small tilapia, have a role in supplementing household diets and contributing to improved nutrition at the subsistence level. While pond system productivity reached levels equivalent to low input tilapia ponds in other regions, the resident tilapia in Solomon Islands has limited opportunity for more than low level commercial enterprises. Established ponds are included in the daily livelihood tasks of both men and women and explicitly gender equitable approaches to partnerships with pond farmers provide opportunities to further increase benefits to households. A participatory action research approach, and the principles embodied therein, is recommended for further development of household aquaculture enterprises, regardless of species, in Solomon Islands. Statement of relevance We feel that our paper makes significant and novel advance to the field of aquaculture by: (1) Presenting results of a research that shows the importance and potential role of aquaculture in mitigating food and nutrition security in locations where it is increasingly difficult to access fish based protein sources, even in a South Pacific location perceived to contain an abundance of fish. (2) Participatory Action Research (PAR) has been employed in agriculture and aquaculture in Asia and Africa in the last 20 years. We report in here the use of the PAR method within the Pacific Islands context in conducting research and developing aquaculture in a location where there is very little history of aquaculture within the local culture.
Participatory diagnosis is an approach to identify, prioritize and mobilise around factors that c... more Participatory diagnosis is an approach to identify, prioritize and mobilise around factors that constrain or enable effective governance and management in small-scale fisheries. Diagnostic frameworks are mostly designed and used for systematic scientific analysis or impact evaluation. Through participation they also have potential to guide contextually informed improvements to management in practice, including transitions to contemporary forms of governance like the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF)—the focus of our study. We document and critically reflect on participatory diagnosis processes and outcomes at sites in Indonesia, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Tanzania. These sites were part of an international project on the implementation of the EAF and differed widely in institutional and operational contexts. The Participatory Diagnosis and Adaptive Management framework and the “issue radar” diagnosis map were used to identify, evaluate and address factors associated with n...
Foods and diets of communities involved in inland aquaculture in Malaita Province, Solomon Island... more Foods and diets of communities involved in inland aquaculture in Malaita Province, Solomon Islands 2FOODS AND DIETS OF COMMUNITIES INVOLVED
One of a series of six reports on the status of marine resources in the western Pacific Ocean, th... more One of a series of six reports on the status of marine resources in the western Pacific Ocean, the State of the Coral Triangle: Solomon Islands describes the biophysical characteristics of Solomon Islands’ coastal and marine ecosystems, the manner in which they are being exploited, the framework in place that governs their use, the socioeconomic characteristics of the communities that use them, and the environmental threats posed by the manner in which they are being used. It explains the country’s national plan of action to address these threats and improve marine resource management.
Fish is crucial to food and nutrition security in Solomon Islands, and demand is expected to incr... more Fish is crucial to food and nutrition security in Solomon Islands, and demand is expected to increase due to a growing population. However, it is projected that current capture fisheries production will not meet this growing demand. Aquaculture has the potential to mitigate the capture fishery shortfall, and the Government of Solomon Islands is prioritizing aquaculture as a solution to meet future food and income needs. Aquaculture in Solomon Islands is still in early development. Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is farmed for household consumption, but its prolific reproductive rate and resulting slow growth limit its potential as a commercial aquaculture species. More productive fish species that are not indigenous to Solomon Islands but are successfully farmed overseas could be introduced; however, such a decision needs to take into account the potential ecological or social impacts. For land-based pond aquaculture, the only indigenous species that has been farmed ext...
... organizations of the member countries of SW Pacific GCRMN, and the communities of Fiji, Nauru... more ... organizations of the member countries of SW Pacific GCRMN, and the communities of Fiji, Nauru, New Caledonia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu ... Last but not least, special thanks go to Lynette Kumar, Cameron Hay, Timothy Picker-ing and Shital Swarup, who have helped ...
In a recently published article by us (Barclay et al. 2018), we considered gender in the context ... more In a recently published article by us (Barclay et al. 2018), we considered gender in the context of broader social trends around livelihoods using a case study of shell money production and trade in Solomon Islands. We pooled data from several research projects conducted by the authors between 2010 and 2017 to explore the shell money value chain in Langalanga Lagoon in Malaita Province. Our methods included qualitative interviews (n = 12, eight women, two men, two family groups), focus group discussions with women (n = 5) and men (n = 9) and quantitative questionnaires with 316 households. We complemented this research material with a literature review of published papers providing historical and anthropological accounts of gender norms and roles associated with livelihoods.
In many Pacific Island countries, modernity has weakened the foundation of community-based resour... more In many Pacific Island countries, modernity has weakened the foundation of community-based resource management. In this article we describe a cooperative process among six communities in Langalanga Lagoon in order to explore how collective efforts to improve natural resource management can evolve in situations where natural resources are degraded and contested, and where both traditional and centralised mechanisms to control use have either been weakened or are missing. For over five years, communities in Langalanga Lagoon have gone through several phases of increasing cooperation initiated and driven by community members to reach a level of association that has been formalised as a communitybased organisation. A management plan for a locally managed marine area has been developed, but has not yet been fully implemented. Although community cooperation has been predominantly an internal negotiation, activities by non-governmental organisations have facilitated its development. This c...
This final report details activities, reflections and policy recommendations arising from the pro... more This final report details activities, reflections and policy recommendations arising from the project: Responding to climate change using an adaptation pathways and decision-making approach. The project is a component of the ADB/GEF-funded RETA R-PATA 7753: Strengthening Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle of the Pacific (Phase 2). This report highlights the results of activities undertaken in collaboration with community members and regional and national nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and government representatives in Timor-Leste and Solomon Islands.
Livelihood diversification has been the heartbeat of rural development projects over the past two... more Livelihood diversification has been the heartbeat of rural development projects over the past two decades. Many livelihood diversification programs are based on the often implicit assumption that introducing livelihood activities will translate into improved livelihood outcomes. In this study we analyze survey data from 235 households in Langalanga Lagoon, Solomon Islands. We explore relationships between household livelihoods and food security to guide the types of activities that may be appropriate for rural development planning. Results show high rates of food insecurity, where half of the surveyed households were moderately food insecure and a quarter of households severely food insecure. Importantly, we do not find any links between household livelihoods activities and food security; households valued livelihoods very differently. We discuss the implications of these findings for rural development planning.
Global change, and their constituent issues and the priorities identified during this process. Th... more Global change, and their constituent issues and the priorities identified during this process. The evaluation of severity of each issue adheres to a set of predefined criteria as provided in the chapter describing the GIWA methodology. In this section, the scoring of GIWA concerns and issues is presented in Table 6. IMPACT Freshwater shortage " The availability of freshwater is one of the most critical environmental issues of our time and is particularly true in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semi-arid and the precipitation is highly variable. The relatively large population and delicate ecosystems therefore, depend on water resources that vary greatly due to climate fluctuations and human induced changes. With increasing population and development we can expect that the pressures on existing water supplies in Africa and the vulnerability of the populations dependent on these resources will continue to grow " (Coe 2001). Freshwater shortage was co...
Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supply in Sol... more Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supply in Solomon Islands. However, aquaculture is relatively new in the Pacific and such potential is hampered by a lack of aquaculture knowledge and practice within local cultures. A participatory action research approach was used to conduct on-farm trials with farmers in Solomon Islands to develop relevant and improved ways of farming and maximising productivity of the resident exotic tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. During the 34 month period when the research was undertaken improvements were evident, through increased farmer participation and improved knowledge of farmers on pond design and fish husbandry techniques. One of the contributing factors to improved farmer understanding was the production of knowledge products which were co-developed with and based on the farmers' local context. Productivity of a typical 20–38 m2 pond ranged from 726 to 1819 kg ha− 1 year− 1. Because 80% of this p...
Abstract Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supp... more Abstract Land based aquaculture has the potential to mitigate future shortfalls of food fish supply in Solomon Islands. However, aquaculture is relatively new in the Pacific and such potential is hampered by a lack of aquaculture knowledge and practice within local cultures. A participatory action research approach was used to conduct on-farm trials with farmers in Solomon Islands to develop relevant and improved ways of farming and maximising productivity of the resident exotic tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. During the 34 month period when the research was undertaken improvements were evident, through increased farmer participation and improved knowledge of farmers on pond design and fish husbandry techniques. One of the contributing factors to improved farmer understanding was the production of knowledge products which were co-developed with and based on the farmers' local context. Productivity of a typical 20–38 m2 pond ranged from 726 to 1819 kg ha− 1 year− 1. Because 80% of this production was consumed by households, such ponds, producing easily harvestable small tilapia, have a role in supplementing household diets and contributing to improved nutrition at the subsistence level. While pond system productivity reached levels equivalent to low input tilapia ponds in other regions, the resident tilapia in Solomon Islands has limited opportunity for more than low level commercial enterprises. Established ponds are included in the daily livelihood tasks of both men and women and explicitly gender equitable approaches to partnerships with pond farmers provide opportunities to further increase benefits to households. A participatory action research approach, and the principles embodied therein, is recommended for further development of household aquaculture enterprises, regardless of species, in Solomon Islands. Statement of relevance We feel that our paper makes significant and novel advance to the field of aquaculture by: (1) Presenting results of a research that shows the importance and potential role of aquaculture in mitigating food and nutrition security in locations where it is increasingly difficult to access fish based protein sources, even in a South Pacific location perceived to contain an abundance of fish. (2) Participatory Action Research (PAR) has been employed in agriculture and aquaculture in Asia and Africa in the last 20 years. We report in here the use of the PAR method within the Pacific Islands context in conducting research and developing aquaculture in a location where there is very little history of aquaculture within the local culture.
Participatory diagnosis is an approach to identify, prioritize and mobilise around factors that c... more Participatory diagnosis is an approach to identify, prioritize and mobilise around factors that constrain or enable effective governance and management in small-scale fisheries. Diagnostic frameworks are mostly designed and used for systematic scientific analysis or impact evaluation. Through participation they also have potential to guide contextually informed improvements to management in practice, including transitions to contemporary forms of governance like the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF)—the focus of our study. We document and critically reflect on participatory diagnosis processes and outcomes at sites in Indonesia, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Tanzania. These sites were part of an international project on the implementation of the EAF and differed widely in institutional and operational contexts. The Participatory Diagnosis and Adaptive Management framework and the “issue radar” diagnosis map were used to identify, evaluate and address factors associated with n...
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