Papers by Socorro Jimenez
University Press of Colorado eBooks, 2017
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Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
Through a case study of the Classic period (A.D. 350–900) kingdom of Piedras Negras, this paper a... more Through a case study of the Classic period (A.D. 350–900) kingdom of Piedras Negras, this paper addresses a number of debates in the archaeology of war among the ancient Maya. These findings have broader comparative use in ongoing attempts to understand war in the precolonial Americas, including the frequency of war, its role in processes of polity formation and collapse, the involvement of non-elites in combat, and the cause and effect of captive-taking. This paper provides the first synthesis of a number of datasets pertaining to war and violence in the region of Piedras Negras while presenting new settlement data gleaned from recent lidar survey of the area. Focus is especially on tracing the material, iconographic, and epigraphic evidence for war in diachronic perspective. Material evidence includes the spatial distribution of settlement, presence of fortifications, weaponry, and human skeletal remains demonstrating evidence of traumatic injury. Additional data are drawn from epigraphy and iconography. As with all archaeological contexts, there are crucial gaps in the record. Nevertheless, by combining these datasets it is possible to reconstruct a history of warfare within this precolonial indigenous polity of the first millennium.
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Journal of Field Archaeology, 2019
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Revista Geológica de América Central, 2016
RESUMEN: La Vajilla Celestún Roja (tipos cerámicos Nimun y Baca) es una de las cerámicas más repr... more RESUMEN: La Vajilla Celestún Roja (tipos cerámicos Nimun y Baca) es una de las cerámicas más representativas de la costa noroeste de la Península de Yucatán, en México, cuya distribución y origen representan un fuerte tema de debate. Aunque la cerámica de las costas de Campeche y Yucatán por años ha sido objeto de investigación, los expertos en el tema aún no logran descifrar si la Vajilla Celestún Roja fue fabricada localmente durante el Clásico Tardío (600-900 d.C.), o si los objetos cerámicos que se han hallado fueron elaborados e intercambiados por la élite regional. Se describe por primera vez la petrografía de la Vajilla Celestún Roja de la tipología Nimun y Baca, como aporte a la definición formal de la llamada Esfera Cerámica Cambalan definida por Jiménez (2002), Jiménez, Ceballos & Sierra (2006). Las observaciones petrográficas muestran que los componentes detríticos son fragmentos riolíticos, tobas vitroclásticas, pómez, esquirlas de vidrio, cuarzos, plagioclasas, calcita,...
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Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2022
Through a case study of the Classic period (A.D. 350–900) kingdom of Piedras Negras, this paper a... more Through a case study of the Classic period (A.D. 350–900) kingdom of Piedras Negras, this paper addresses a number of debates in the archaeology of war among the ancient Maya. These findings have broader comparative use in ongoing attempts to understand war in the precolonial Americas, including the frequency of war, its role in processes of polity formation and collapse, the involvement of non-elites in combat, and the cause and effect of captive-taking. This paper provides the first synthesis of a number of datasets pertaining to war and violence in the region of Piedras Negras while presenting new settlement data gleaned from recent lidar survey of the area. Focus is especially on tracing the material, iconographic, and epigraphic evidence for war in diachronic perspective. Material evidence includes the spatial distribution of settlement, presence of fortifications, weaponry, and human skeletal remains demonstrating evidence of traumatic injury. Additional data are drawn from epigraphy and iconography. As with all archaeological contexts, there are crucial gaps in the record. Nevertheless, by combining these datasets it is possible to reconstruct a history of warfare within this precolonial indigenous polity of the first millennium.
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Revista Geológica de América Central, 2010
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TRACE, 2021
The archaeological research usually assumes that pottery production and consumption are absent in... more The archaeological research usually assumes that pottery production and consumption are absent in hunter-gatherer societies of northern Mexico. However, new data suggest very different behaviors in pre-Contact times. This paper presents preliminary results of analysis on ceramic sherds recovered from hunter-gatherer open air campsites in the northern Zacatecas desert. The findings reveal pots, bowls and plates used between the 10th and 13th centuries ad. The pottery was decorated with red and ochre pigments over orange, cream and buff polished surfaces. Petrographic analysis indicates three different clay groups, apparently unrelated to local sediments and minerals.
These results suggest a more common use of ceramics among nomadic societies, raising new questions about contacts with other territories and cultures.
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Objetos de barro de uso doméstico, la subregión cañada Altamirano de la Selva Lacandona y la Selva Norte de Chiapas, 2015
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STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research, 2019
This article explores culinary and consumption practices at Siho, a Classic Maya site located in ... more This article explores culinary and consumption practices at Siho, a Classic Maya site located in Yucatan, México, through the combination of pottery forms, semiquantitative chemical analyses and starch grains residues.
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Journal of Field Archaeology , 2020
(https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00934690.2019.1684748) In this article, we provide ... more (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00934690.2019.1684748) In this article, we provide the results of preliminary archaeological and epigraphic research undertaken at the site of Lacanjá Tzeltal, Chiapas. Field research conducted in 2018, in collaboration with local community members, has allowed us to identify this archaeological site as the capital of a kingdom known from Classic period Maya inscriptions as “Sak Tz’i’” (White Dog). Because all previously known references to the kingdom came from looted monuments or texts found at other Maya centers, the location of the Sak Tz’i’ kingdom’s capital has been the subject of ongoing modeling and debate among scholars. Here we synthesize prior epigraphic and archaeological research concerning Sak Tz’i’, highlighting past efforts to locate the kingdom’s capital. We then discuss the results of preliminary survey, mapping, and excavations of Lacanjá Tzeltal, and present the first drawing and decipherment of Lacanjá Tzeltal Panel 1, the sculpture crucial for centering this “lost” Maya kingdom.
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Estudio petrográfico de las céramicas Mayas, Clásico Tardío (600-900 D.C.) Chinikihá, Chiapas, México., 2011
Estudio petrográfico de las cerámicas Mayas, Clásico Tardío (600-900 D.C.) Chinikihá, Chiapas, Mé... more Estudio petrográfico de las cerámicas Mayas, Clásico Tardío (600-900 D.C.) Chinikihá, Chiapas, México.
Chinikiha is a Maya archaeology place from Classic period (250-900 a.D.); it is located in Chiapas and Tabasco States, Mexico. Chinikiha has at least 120 monumental structures, palace type and pyramidal structures. The petrography studies of 21 ceramic samples, shows: a) Siliciclastic pastes (with 45,5-84,5% matrix, the average is 69,19%) and b) carbonated pastes (with 18-64% matrix, carbonate 79%, the average 30,5%). The carbonated pastes has grain support but the silicoclastic pastes has matrix support. The earliest Mayan-ceramic pastes are carbonates compounds but later, they were changed by siliciclastic compounds. The technologyc changes probably occurred when the Mayan decided to change the carbonated pastas by siliciclastic pastes.The Chinikihá pots, are 80% made using siliciclastic pastes, with mica. The ceramic-fire temperature probably did not reach 950°C, instead the carbonated pastes probably did not 800°C. If the raw material was not imported, probably the rock source coming from Eocene sandstones or lutites rocks or Mio-cene sandstones or both. Furthermore, the volcanic shards found in the thin sections, possible coming from volcanic soils, for instance, Chichon volcano-tuffs deposits. Some pastes shows the diatoms fossils. The raw source, probably, come from fresh water lakes.
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The ware Celestún Red (of the Nimun and Baca ceramic typologies) is one of the most diagnostic ce... more The ware Celestún Red (of the Nimun and Baca ceramic typologies) is one of the most diagnostic ceramics of the northwestern coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and a subject of ongoing debate regarding its distribution and origin. Although ceramics from coastal Campeche and Yucatan have been the focus of years of investigation, scholars still do not know if Celestún Red was manufactured locally during the Late Classic (A.D. 600-900) or was made and exchanged by the regional elite. In this presentation, the authors provide the first petrographic descriptions of Celestún Red, and use them to contribute to a formal definition of the Cambalan Ceramic Sphere defined by Jiménez (2002), Jiménez, Ceballos & Sierra (2006). These petrographic observations show that the detrital components were rhyolite fragments, vitroclastic tuffs, pumice, shards of glass, quartzes, plagioclase, calcite, hematite, magnetite and other minor contributors. The clay matrix is phyllomorphic, with a parallel, rectilinear fabric of fine grains. Granulo-metrically, the detrital components have been characterized as fine to medium sands. The pastes present evidence of diagenetic processes, most notably porosity in the primary ceramic matrix. These spaces are in some cases filled by secondary calcite deposits. Evidence of manufacturing was also observed, such as the fractures and bending of the paste that took place to produce the rims of these ceramic objects.
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XXI SIMPOSIO DE INVESTIGACIONES ARQUEOLOGICAS EN GUATEMALA, 2008
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Peer Reviewed Articles by Socorro Jimenez
Mexicon, 2015
This report describes a Middle Preclassic pottery-sherd from the Usumacinta River Valley with inc... more This report describes a Middle Preclassic pottery-sherd from the Usumacinta River Valley with incised designs that may represent a previously unreported early scribal tradition. It was found near bedrock during excavations by the Proyecto Arqueológico Busilja - Chocolja (PABC) at Rancho Bufalo, Chiapas, a five hectare center occupied from ca. 600 B.C. – 200 A.D. The intermediate location of the find, between the traditional heartlands of early Maya and Isthmian scripts, provides a new emphasis on interregionalism in the emergence of Mesoamerican writing, and raises the possibility of interaction between diverse scripts.
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Books by Socorro Jimenez
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Papers by Socorro Jimenez
These results suggest a more common use of ceramics among nomadic societies, raising new questions about contacts with other territories and cultures.
Chinikiha is a Maya archaeology place from Classic period (250-900 a.D.); it is located in Chiapas and Tabasco States, Mexico. Chinikiha has at least 120 monumental structures, palace type and pyramidal structures. The petrography studies of 21 ceramic samples, shows: a) Siliciclastic pastes (with 45,5-84,5% matrix, the average is 69,19%) and b) carbonated pastes (with 18-64% matrix, carbonate 79%, the average 30,5%). The carbonated pastes has grain support but the silicoclastic pastes has matrix support. The earliest Mayan-ceramic pastes are carbonates compounds but later, they were changed by siliciclastic compounds. The technologyc changes probably occurred when the Mayan decided to change the carbonated pastas by siliciclastic pastes.The Chinikihá pots, are 80% made using siliciclastic pastes, with mica. The ceramic-fire temperature probably did not reach 950°C, instead the carbonated pastes probably did not 800°C. If the raw material was not imported, probably the rock source coming from Eocene sandstones or lutites rocks or Mio-cene sandstones or both. Furthermore, the volcanic shards found in the thin sections, possible coming from volcanic soils, for instance, Chichon volcano-tuffs deposits. Some pastes shows the diatoms fossils. The raw source, probably, come from fresh water lakes.
Peer Reviewed Articles by Socorro Jimenez
Books by Socorro Jimenez
These results suggest a more common use of ceramics among nomadic societies, raising new questions about contacts with other territories and cultures.
Chinikiha is a Maya archaeology place from Classic period (250-900 a.D.); it is located in Chiapas and Tabasco States, Mexico. Chinikiha has at least 120 monumental structures, palace type and pyramidal structures. The petrography studies of 21 ceramic samples, shows: a) Siliciclastic pastes (with 45,5-84,5% matrix, the average is 69,19%) and b) carbonated pastes (with 18-64% matrix, carbonate 79%, the average 30,5%). The carbonated pastes has grain support but the silicoclastic pastes has matrix support. The earliest Mayan-ceramic pastes are carbonates compounds but later, they were changed by siliciclastic compounds. The technologyc changes probably occurred when the Mayan decided to change the carbonated pastas by siliciclastic pastes.The Chinikihá pots, are 80% made using siliciclastic pastes, with mica. The ceramic-fire temperature probably did not reach 950°C, instead the carbonated pastes probably did not 800°C. If the raw material was not imported, probably the rock source coming from Eocene sandstones or lutites rocks or Mio-cene sandstones or both. Furthermore, the volcanic shards found in the thin sections, possible coming from volcanic soils, for instance, Chichon volcano-tuffs deposits. Some pastes shows the diatoms fossils. The raw source, probably, come from fresh water lakes.