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Research Interests: Sociology and Psychology
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Research Interests: Sociology and RECREATION
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Research Interests: Geography and RECREATION
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The number and percent of older people in developed countries continue to grow, thanks to medical advances and decreases in fertility and mortality rates. And that means that tomorrow's recreation and leisure professionals will be... more
The number and percent of older people in developed countries continue to grow, thanks to medical advances and decreases in fertility and mortality rates. And that means that tomorrow's recreation and leisure professionals will be more challenged than ever to meet the needs of an increasingly older culturally diverse population. "Leisure and Aging: Theory and Practice" provides students and professionals with a balanced perspective of current knowledge as it presents cutting-edge research from the fields of both gerontology and leisure studies. Written by authors from various disciplines who represent an international who's-who in leisure and aging research, this text - explores theories in leisure and aging; - bridges the gap between research and application, arming professionals with tools to navigate diverse cultures; and - offers insight into delivery of leisure services in older adult communities and long-term care environments. Each chapter features learning objectives, study questions, case studies, exercises, and relevant readings. The book is supplemented by online ancillaries, including an instructor guide, test package, and a presentation package with photos, illustrations, and tables from the text. Together, the text and online ancillaries help students connect theories and practice as they prepare for future roles in their chosen fields. "Leisure and Aging" is presented in five sections. Part I introduces global perspectives on leisure and aging, while part II examines the relevance of leisure in an aging context. Part III explores the effects of aging on physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being and health. Parts IV and V delve into the role of community in aging and leisure and long-term care and leisure. Written for undergraduate students, professors, and professionals in recreation, leisure, gerontology, and aging, "Leisure and Aging" provides a wealth of knowledge on various aspects of life for older people and the role of leisure in their lives. The text helps students think critically about a phase of life that seems remote from their own and provides perspective to their understanding of aging and leisure.
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Approximately 500,000 Canadians have Alzheimer’s disease or a related form of dementia, with the majority of these individuals residing in the community. As a result, there is significant need for support networks and programs that can... more
Approximately 500,000 Canadians have Alzheimer’s disease or a related form of dementia, with the majority of these individuals residing in the community. As a result, there is significant need for support networks and programs that can optimize functioning and independence of persons with dementia. Therapeutic Recreation enhances people’s social, psychological, emotional, physical and spiritual well-being across the life course and can be a key part of dementia care. This case report provides insight into one Therapeutic Recreation program and the associated model for delivery, focusing on the impact of the program on one participant with Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of Dementia. The participant’s involvement in a Wii bowling activity enabled the participant to demonstrate increased focus, to engage in a familiar and meaningful activity, and to master new skills. Several implications are noted, such as the importance of completing a task analysis and identifying proble...
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BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THERAPEUTIC RECREATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICEAdrienne Le Blanc, NSRC Site-QEII HSC Jerome ... Therapeutic Recreation research and Therapeutic Recreation practice (Austin, 1991; Malkin & Howe, 1993; Compton, 1997;... more
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THERAPEUTIC RECREATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICEAdrienne Le Blanc, NSRC Site-QEII HSC Jerome ... Therapeutic Recreation research and Therapeutic Recreation practice (Austin, 1991; Malkin & Howe, 1993; Compton, 1997; Glancy ...
Research Interests: Psychology and Umi
The aim of this study was to assess the measurement invariance of the Therapeutic Recreation Job Responsibility Scale (TR-JRS). It measures four dimensions of recreational practitioners’ duties with 27 items: 1) administration, 2)... more
The aim of this study was to assess the measurement invariance of the Therapeutic Recreation Job Responsibility Scale (TR-JRS). It measures four dimensions of recreational practitioners’ duties with 27 items: 1) administration, 2) therapy, 3) face-to-face leadership and 4) professional development. Measurement invariance assesses the ability of a single instrument, the TR-JRS, to measure duties among recreational practitioners working in different environments, members of separate professional associations, and to promote different aspects of their work. The sample comprised 417 members of the Canadian Therapeutic Recreation Association and the F´ederation qu´eb´ecoise du loisir en institution. The initial factorial measurement analysis showed metric invariance as the model of choice, though its overall fit was outside the usual acceptable criteria. A factor analysis with a target rotation resulted in a short scale of 14 items with an appropriate Root Mean Square Error of Approximat...
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ABSTRACT Research data management (RDM) is becoming more widely recognized as valuable to knowledge discovery and reuse. Although many articles advocating RDM mention the usefulness of such plans for knowledge reuse, efforts to actually... more
ABSTRACT Research data management (RDM) is becoming more widely recognized as valuable to knowledge discovery and reuse. Although many articles advocating RDM mention the usefulness of such plans for knowledge reuse, efforts to actually generate RDM plans for cross-disciplinary knowledge discovery and scholarly communication are fairly rare. Our team of scholars from diverse academic disciplines is collaborating with a data management expert in developing a cross-disciplinary institutional RDM service. This paper provides the conceptual framework underpinning our project. This framework was developed through extensive and critical examination of scholarly literature associated with university scholarship and discipline specific RDM with the purpose of pulling out the most common elements acknowledged by other researchers as defining effective RDM service. The key defining factors related to scholarship and RDM that emerged from the literature were then synthesized to form the integrated conceptual framework presented in this paper. We offer propositions that relate specific RDM service environment design elements to successful research data discovery and thereby to new knowledge creation success.
This research project explored students' and community practitioners' experiences of community-based experiential education and, in particular, the characteristics of such experiences that are key to creating meaningful learning... more
This research project explored students' and community practitioners' experiences of community-based experiential education and, in particular, the characteristics of such experiences that are key to creating meaningful learning opportunities. Through focus groups with current undergraduate students in recreation programs at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada, and key informant interviews with practitioners at community organizations that have facilitated experiential education for our students, we explored the research question: What aspects of community-based experiential education are key to creating meaningful learning opportunities for recreation students? Based on our thematic analyses, the data can be described by the three themes of value, context, and relationships. Overall, findings suggest that all stakeholders in the experience—instructors, students, and community practitioners—need to find their involvement meaningful, and that the meaningful nature of su...
ABSTRACT Spending time in nature is beneficial for stress reduction and recovery. Using the properties of biophilic design, this study examined the influence of a nature-based indoor environment on physiological stress systems. An... more
ABSTRACT Spending time in nature is beneficial for stress reduction and recovery. Using the properties of biophilic design, this study examined the influence of a nature-based indoor environment on physiological stress systems. An experimental study was designed to assess the influence of indoor natural elements on autonomic activity (heart rate variability or HRV), self-reported environmental assessments. No differences in heart rate variability were found between participants assigned to either condition. The room with natural elements was rated more positively than the room without natural elements. Participant preference had more impact on changes in HRV for participants without exposure to natural elements. The results suggest that natural elements in indoor environments may influence the regulation of stress response via environmental preference. Abbreviations: ANCOVA: Analysis of Covariance; ANS: Autonomic Nervous System; AVNN: Average of NN; DST: Digit Span Test; EAS: Environmental Assessment Scale; ECG: Electrocardiograph; fMRI: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; HF: High Frequency; HRV: Heart Rate Variability; INE: Indoor Nature Exposure; NR: Nature-Relatedness Scale; PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; SAM: Search and Memory Test; SLSI: Student Life Stress Inventory; SMT: Sentence Making Test
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This study examined the professional responsibilities and job satisfaction of 258 members of the Canadian Therapeutic Recreation Association (CTRA). It extended an earlier survey done with recreational practitioners affiliated with the... more
This study examined the professional responsibilities and job satisfaction of 258 members of the Canadian Therapeutic Recreation Association (CTRA). It extended an earlier survey done with recreational practitioners affiliated with the Federation quebecoise du loisir en institution (FQLI). The factor analysis of duties and satisfaction shows results that match with the original study. For duties, four factors center on administration, therapy, professional development and face-to-face leadership (FTFL); for the satisfaction scale, the analysis confirms the intrinsic and extrinsic components of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. A canonical analysis shows similar results, but with some variations, between the two studies. In the case of the first canonical factor, members in a hospital setting are more involved in recreational therapy and in FTFL, hold a therapist title and have a lower salary. In the second canonical factor, members in a hospital setting, without a therapist title, do more administrative tasks but fewer of their duties relate to FTFL and professional development; and they also have a lower salary. In conclusion, we contrast our findings with those of the original study and discuss reasons for similarities or differences in the research results. Among implications is the recognition of a wide variation in what Canadian therapeutic recreation (TR) practitioners do, where they work, and how they identify. Subscribe to TRJ
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ABSTRACT This study evolved to test the following; (1) that there is a difference between the "elderly" and the general population in their outdoor recreation patterns, (2) that there is a difference between the... more
ABSTRACT This study evolved to test the following; (1) that there is a difference between the "elderly" and the general population in their outdoor recreation patterns, (2) that there is a difference between the "young-old" (55-74) and the "old-old" (75 and above) in their outdoor recreation patterns. The data analyzed in the study was collected by the former Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service for the United States Depanment of the Interior (1977). It was found that the "young-old", "old-old" and "non-elderly" participated in ten similar outdoor recreation activities. The socioeconomic variables of occupation, income and sex appeared to have a stronger association with the outdoor recreation activities that the elderly participated in than did age.
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The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how three profession's-physiotherapy, occupational therapy and therapeutic recreation-may be able to cooperate, communicate and coordinate their services for older individuals who reside in a... more
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how three profession's-physiotherapy, occupational therapy and therapeutic recreation-may be able to cooperate, communicate and coordinate their services for older individuals who reside in a long term care facility. The role of each profession, their similarities and differences, are discussed in this paper. A process to facilitate effective communication between the three professions is recommended.
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The ways in which leisure can contribute to later life are explored. It links the aging process and leisure to Ulyssean living (The Ulyssean adult: Creativity in middle and later years J. Mcleish 1976). The first five chapters develop... more
The ways in which leisure can contribute to later life are explored. It links the aging process and leisure to Ulyssean living (The Ulyssean adult: Creativity in middle and later years J. Mcleish 1976). The first five chapters develop information about aging and the aging process, focusing ...
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ABSTRACT No abstract available for this article.
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... savory, pine brown tea, cinnamon, allspice, sugar, chocolate cloves, broiled carnation coatednutmeg, toast, butter flowers ginger, red peppermint pepper, candy, cloves Hershey chocolate kisses, ginger candy Page 5. Margaret Snyder and... more
... savory, pine brown tea, cinnamon, allspice, sugar, chocolate cloves, broiled carnation coatednutmeg, toast, butter flowers ginger, red peppermint pepper, candy, cloves Hershey chocolate kisses, ginger candy Page 5. Margaret Snyder and Jerome F. Singleton 23 ...
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... the effects of aging on housing, preparation for retirement, leisure activities, and victimization of older individuals (Forbes, Jackson & Kraus, 1987; Kaplan, 1979; Keddy & Singleton, 1991; MacNeil & Teague, 1987; Mitic,... more
... the effects of aging on housing, preparation for retirement, leisure activities, and victimization of older individuals (Forbes, Jackson & Kraus, 1987; Kaplan, 1979; Keddy & Singleton, 1991; MacNeil & Teague, 1987; Mitic, Farquharson & Singleton, Jerome F. Singleton School of ...
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Physicians are required to maintain and sustain professional roles during their careers, making the Professional Role an important component of postgraduate education. Despite this, this role remains difficult to define, teach and assess.... more
Physicians are required to maintain and sustain professional roles during their careers, making the Professional Role an important component of postgraduate education. Despite this, this role remains difficult to define, teach and assess. To (a) understand what program directors felt were key elements of the CanMEDS Professional Role and (b) identify the teaching and assessment methods they used. A two-step sequential mixed method design using a survey and semi-structured interviews with Canadian program directors. Forty-six program directors (48% response rate) completed the questionnaire and 10 participated in interviews. Participants rated integrity and honesty as the most important elements of the Role (96%) but most difficult to teach. There was a lack of congruence between elements perceived to be most important and most frequently taught. Role modeling was the most common way of informally teaching professionalism (98%). Assessments were most often through direct feedback from faculty (98%) and feedback from other health professionals and residents (61%). Portfolios (24%) were the least used form of assessment, but they allowed residents to reflect and stimulated self-assessment. Program directors believe elements of the Role are difficult to teach and assess. Providing faculty with skills for teaching/assessing the Role and evaluating effectiveness in changing attitudes/behaviors should be a priority in postgraduate programs.
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ABSTRACT No abstract available for this article.
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When a parent assumes the caregiving responsibilities of someone with Alzheimer's disease, the relationships between family members, as well as the family roles, may be altered. The caregiving role is generally assumed by the female... more
When a parent assumes the caregiving responsibilities of someone with Alzheimer's disease, the relationships between family members, as well as the family roles, may be altered. The caregiving role is generally assumed by the female within the home; a daughter or daughter in-law. The children of the caregivers are affected as their mother becomes involved with the caregiving responsibility of their grandparents with Alzheimer's. The leisure patterns of the family are affected as the grandparent's behavior and daily care affect the everyday routines of the family. The focus of this research was to gather information to generate new insights about how granddaughters were affected when their grandmothers had Alzheimer's disease. Information was collected by interviewing six granddaughters. The themes that emerged from the granddaughters' stories included problems with social interaction and feelings of embarrassment due to the grandmothers' behavior. Stress and tension, feelings of guilt, feelings of sadness, feelings of frustration and anger also emerged. Avoiding the caregiving situation, participating in activities, the need for possessing information about Alzheimer's disease and the importance of support were other themes that emerged. These themes formed the foundation for a model that illustrates the interaction of the themes on the granddaughters in this Study.
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Analyzed the qualitative responses of 111 female university employees regarding their perceptions of life after retirement, using an open and closed ended questionnaire. Three central issues emerged from the content analysis that were... more
Analyzed the qualitative responses of 111 female university employees regarding their perceptions of life after retirement, using an open and closed ended questionnaire. Three central issues emerged from the content analysis that were related to finances (e.g., planning and budgeting), leisure time (e.g., opportunities that will be available), and how to keep a positive attitude (e.g., dealing with the retirement process). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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We reside within a global village, with approximately 10% of the world’s population or 650 million people (including about 200 million children) living with some form of disability (United Nations 2011). This has been estimated to rise to... more
We reside within a global village, with approximately 10% of the world’s population
or 650 million people (including about 200 million children) living with some form of
disability (United Nations 2011). This has been estimated to rise to 1.2 billion by
2050 (United Nations 2011). The World Health Organization and the United
Nations have recognized that people with disability have a right to access services
from all areas of citizenship. The purpose of this special issue of Annals of Leisure
Research was to seek contributions examining the inclusion and citizenship of people
with disability in ‘cultural life’, defined by the United Nation’s (2006) Convention on
the Rights of Persons with Disability (CRPWD) to include recreation, leisure, the
arts, sport and tourism. In particular, the issue aimed to:
(1) clarify what the terms inclusion and citizenship mean in different cultures;
(2) place inclusion to and citizenship of ‘cultural life’ across discourses relating
to economic, social and environmental contexts that affect people with
disabilities participation; and
(3) discuss the terms inclusion and citizenship from the ideological frameworks
of government, researchers, providers of service or disability advocacy groups.
or 650 million people (including about 200 million children) living with some form of
disability (United Nations 2011). This has been estimated to rise to 1.2 billion by
2050 (United Nations 2011). The World Health Organization and the United
Nations have recognized that people with disability have a right to access services
from all areas of citizenship. The purpose of this special issue of Annals of Leisure
Research was to seek contributions examining the inclusion and citizenship of people
with disability in ‘cultural life’, defined by the United Nation’s (2006) Convention on
the Rights of Persons with Disability (CRPWD) to include recreation, leisure, the
arts, sport and tourism. In particular, the issue aimed to:
(1) clarify what the terms inclusion and citizenship mean in different cultures;
(2) place inclusion to and citizenship of ‘cultural life’ across discourses relating
to economic, social and environmental contexts that affect people with
disabilities participation; and
(3) discuss the terms inclusion and citizenship from the ideological frameworks
of government, researchers, providers of service or disability advocacy groups.