The present study reports the floristic diversity and ecological attributes of 218 plant species ... more The present study reports the floristic diversity and ecological attributes of 218 plant species belonging to 77 families from the Arang Valley, Bajaur, Pakistan. Of the total species, 187 (85.78%) were dicots, 27 (12.38%) monocots, three (1.37%) pteridophytes and only one (0.46%) gymnosperm. Asteraceae with 24 species (11.01%) was found to be the largest family, followed by Lamiaceae with 18 species (8.26%), Poaceae with 16 species (7.34%), Fabaceae with 15 species (6.88%) and Rosaceae with 11 species (5.05%). The dominant life forms were therophytes (43.58%), hemicryptophytes and nanophanerophytes (13.76%) each, and geophytes (11.93%). Mesophanerophytes (11.01%) and chamaephytes (5.96%) were the least common life forms. The higher number of therophytes, followed by hemicryptophytes and nanophanerophytes, reflects the xeric nature of the vegetation. According to leaf size, the vegetation consisted of microphylls (34.4%), nanophylls (27.98%) and mesophylls (26.16%), with leptophylls...
Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an ethnobotanically important threatened plant species. The genetic... more Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an ethnobotanically important threatened plant species. The genetic diversity among the 50 different genotypes of Alnus nitida was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) characterization. A considerable amount of genetic diversity (90%) was observed among the genotypes of A. nitida. The protein characterization was carried out on 12% gel electrophoresis. A total of 10 protein bands were detected in A. nitida genotypes. SDS-PAGE procedure is a useful method for the investigation of both genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship. Especially, B-5 was monomorphic in A. nitida genotypes and was considered as species specific. All other bands/loci were polymorphic. These polymorphic bands displayed 12, 16, 72, 88, 2, 44, 84, 54 and 12 percent variation respectively. In the present examination, the high intra-specific diversity was observed representing SDS-PAGE is a powerful tool for determining the genet...
This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- ... more This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extract showed remarkable larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus. During the larvicidal and pupicidal activities, the 24-hour lethal concentration (LC50) of extract against 2nd instar larvae, 4th instar larvae and pupae were 324.6, 495.6 and 950.8 ppm, respectively. During the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) bottle bioassay for adulticidal activity, the median knockdown times (KDT50) at 1.25% concentration was 123.4 minutes. During the filter paper impregnation bioassay for adulticidal activity, the KDT50 value at 0.138 mg/cm2 concentration was 48.6 minutes. The extract was fractionated into 14 fractions through silica gel column chromatography which were then combined into six fractions on the basis of similar retention fac...
The present study was carried out in Sangina valley of Batkhela, Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtu... more The present study was carried out in Sangina valley of Batkhela, Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The aim of the current work was the documentation of plants utilized by the local inhabitants for different medicinal purposes. Majority of ca species in several ways for distinct remedies. After collecting informations through an open ended questionnaire, totality of recorded in the study area belonging to 31 fam contributing 10.86% to the total documented medicinal plant species in the studied area. Family Euphorbiaceae and family Solanacaea shares total, followed by Family Mimosaceae, Ast having a contribution of 4.34%. as diuretic, 8 species were found good as tonic, 7 plant species were significant in curing of cough and 6 plant s used for curing of fever, diarrhea and dysentery. Key
A new species of Infundibulicybe kotanensis from district Buner, Pakistan is described and illust... more A new species of Infundibulicybe kotanensis from district Buner, Pakistan is described and illustrated. Phytogeographically this region is part of the floristically unique Sino-Japanese region. The cogent climate and diverse vegetation are favorable for the growth of different mushrooms. The new species is described based on morphological study and compared with closely related taxa in the genus. Phylogenetic placement using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcode region confirms the novelty of I. kotanensis.
This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes... more This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes and current status of medicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, District Dir Lower, Pakistan. A total of 51 species were documented for their medicinal uses. These plants belonged to 31 families. Results of this study revealed that leaves were the frequently used part (50%), followed by whole plants (only 30%) in curing different ailments. Many plants were found to be having multiple uses. Based on family importance value (FIV), Lamiaceae was the leading plant family (126.30) followed by Violaceae (55.81), while highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) was noted for Viola canescens (0.558) followed by Olea europaea (0.523). Conservation study revealed that 24 species (47%) were vulnerable, 22 species (43%) were rare and 4 species (8%) were noted as infrequent. Following IUCN standards for conservation, one species i.e. Hypericum perforatum was declared dominant. This study recommends i...
Myrtus communis L. is a bushy, aromatic, evergreen shrub, belongs to the family Myrtaceae, common... more Myrtus communis L. is a bushy, aromatic, evergreen shrub, belongs to the family Myrtaceae, commonly found in Bajaur Agency (FATA) Pakistan. The plant has been acknowledged due to the presence of aromatic compounds in the essential oil. The IUCN red list identifies the plant as endangered. To understand the Ethnobotanical and ecological importance of the plant, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative information from randomly selected 120 local inhabitants of the Bajaur Agency. The results indicate that Myrtle is mostly used as a flavouring agent (46.81%) and as stomachic (10.90%). The plant use was also recorded for blood purification (0.45%), constipation (0.45%) and (31.11%) as herbal tea. We also report on the people perception of the plant conservation status. People consensus recorded clearly shows that Myrtle is mainly eradicated due to over exploitation by humans (42.96%) and if any patches remain conserved is due to inaccessibility to it (30.70%). Geo-references data of the species were collected to identify and extrapolate their present distribution in Bajaur Agency. Cluster analysis was performed to check any similarities in ecological niches of the stands. We conclude from the survey that the species population has been drastically reduced and is under severe anthropogenic pressures including extensive and uncontrolled use of the plant as ethnomedicinal drug and due to its great economic value. However, it is recommended that further investigation into their possible future niche modelling and conservation analysis shall be carried out to save this important plant from extinction in the wild.
The present study reports the floristic diversity and ecological attributes of 218 plant species ... more The present study reports the floristic diversity and ecological attributes of 218 plant species belonging to 77 families from the Arang Valley, Bajaur, Pakistan. Of the total species, 187 (85.78%) were dicots, 27 (12.38%) monocots, three (1.37%) pteridophytes and only one (0.46%) gymnosperm. Asteraceae with 24 species (11.01%) was found to be the largest family, followed by Lamiaceae with 18 species (8.26%), Poaceae with 16 species (7.34%), Fabaceae with 15 species (6.88%) and Rosaceae with 11 species (5.05%). The dominant life forms were therophytes (43.58%), hemicryptophytes and nanophanerophytes (13.76%) each, and geophytes (11.93%). Mesophanerophytes (11.01%) and chamaephytes (5.96%) were the least common life forms. The higher number of therophytes, followed by hemicryptophytes and nanophanerophytes, reflects the xeric nature of the vegetation. According to leaf size, the vegetation consisted of microphylls (34.4%), nanophylls (27.98%) and mesophylls (26.16%), with leptophylls...
Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an ethnobotanically important threatened plant species. The genetic... more Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. is an ethnobotanically important threatened plant species. The genetic diversity among the 50 different genotypes of Alnus nitida was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) characterization. A considerable amount of genetic diversity (90%) was observed among the genotypes of A. nitida. The protein characterization was carried out on 12% gel electrophoresis. A total of 10 protein bands were detected in A. nitida genotypes. SDS-PAGE procedure is a useful method for the investigation of both genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship. Especially, B-5 was monomorphic in A. nitida genotypes and was considered as species specific. All other bands/loci were polymorphic. These polymorphic bands displayed 12, 16, 72, 88, 2, 44, 84, 54 and 12 percent variation respectively. In the present examination, the high intra-specific diversity was observed representing SDS-PAGE is a powerful tool for determining the genet...
This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- ... more This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extract showed remarkable larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus. During the larvicidal and pupicidal activities, the 24-hour lethal concentration (LC50) of extract against 2nd instar larvae, 4th instar larvae and pupae were 324.6, 495.6 and 950.8 ppm, respectively. During the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) bottle bioassay for adulticidal activity, the median knockdown times (KDT50) at 1.25% concentration was 123.4 minutes. During the filter paper impregnation bioassay for adulticidal activity, the KDT50 value at 0.138 mg/cm2 concentration was 48.6 minutes. The extract was fractionated into 14 fractions through silica gel column chromatography which were then combined into six fractions on the basis of similar retention fac...
The present study was carried out in Sangina valley of Batkhela, Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtu... more The present study was carried out in Sangina valley of Batkhela, Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The aim of the current work was the documentation of plants utilized by the local inhabitants for different medicinal purposes. Majority of ca species in several ways for distinct remedies. After collecting informations through an open ended questionnaire, totality of recorded in the study area belonging to 31 fam contributing 10.86% to the total documented medicinal plant species in the studied area. Family Euphorbiaceae and family Solanacaea shares total, followed by Family Mimosaceae, Ast having a contribution of 4.34%. as diuretic, 8 species were found good as tonic, 7 plant species were significant in curing of cough and 6 plant s used for curing of fever, diarrhea and dysentery. Key
A new species of Infundibulicybe kotanensis from district Buner, Pakistan is described and illust... more A new species of Infundibulicybe kotanensis from district Buner, Pakistan is described and illustrated. Phytogeographically this region is part of the floristically unique Sino-Japanese region. The cogent climate and diverse vegetation are favorable for the growth of different mushrooms. The new species is described based on morphological study and compared with closely related taxa in the genus. Phylogenetic placement using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcode region confirms the novelty of I. kotanensis.
This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes... more This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes and current status of medicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, District Dir Lower, Pakistan. A total of 51 species were documented for their medicinal uses. These plants belonged to 31 families. Results of this study revealed that leaves were the frequently used part (50%), followed by whole plants (only 30%) in curing different ailments. Many plants were found to be having multiple uses. Based on family importance value (FIV), Lamiaceae was the leading plant family (126.30) followed by Violaceae (55.81), while highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) was noted for Viola canescens (0.558) followed by Olea europaea (0.523). Conservation study revealed that 24 species (47%) were vulnerable, 22 species (43%) were rare and 4 species (8%) were noted as infrequent. Following IUCN standards for conservation, one species i.e. Hypericum perforatum was declared dominant. This study recommends i...
Myrtus communis L. is a bushy, aromatic, evergreen shrub, belongs to the family Myrtaceae, common... more Myrtus communis L. is a bushy, aromatic, evergreen shrub, belongs to the family Myrtaceae, commonly found in Bajaur Agency (FATA) Pakistan. The plant has been acknowledged due to the presence of aromatic compounds in the essential oil. The IUCN red list identifies the plant as endangered. To understand the Ethnobotanical and ecological importance of the plant, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative information from randomly selected 120 local inhabitants of the Bajaur Agency. The results indicate that Myrtle is mostly used as a flavouring agent (46.81%) and as stomachic (10.90%). The plant use was also recorded for blood purification (0.45%), constipation (0.45%) and (31.11%) as herbal tea. We also report on the people perception of the plant conservation status. People consensus recorded clearly shows that Myrtle is mainly eradicated due to over exploitation by humans (42.96%) and if any patches remain conserved is due to inaccessibility to it (30.70%). Geo-references data of the species were collected to identify and extrapolate their present distribution in Bajaur Agency. Cluster analysis was performed to check any similarities in ecological niches of the stands. We conclude from the survey that the species population has been drastically reduced and is under severe anthropogenic pressures including extensive and uncontrolled use of the plant as ethnomedicinal drug and due to its great economic value. However, it is recommended that further investigation into their possible future niche modelling and conservation analysis shall be carried out to save this important plant from extinction in the wild.
Myrtus communis L. is a bushy, aromatic, evergreen shrub, belongs to the family Myrtaceae, common... more Myrtus communis L. is a bushy, aromatic, evergreen shrub, belongs to the family Myrtaceae, commonly found in Bajaur Agency (FATA) Pakistan. The plant has been acknowledged due to the presence of aromatic compounds in the essential oil. The IUCN red list identifies the plant as endangered. To understand the Ethnobotanical and ecological importance of the plant, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative information from randomly selected 120 local inhabitants of the Bajaur Agency. The results indicate that Myrtle is mostly used as a flavouring agent (46.81%) and as stomachic (10.90%). The plant use was also recorded for blood purification (0.45%), constipation (0.45%) and (31.11%) as herbal tea. We also report on the people perception of the plant conservation status. People consensus recorded clearly shows that Myrtle is mainly eradicated due to over exploitation by humans (42.96%) and if any patches remain conserved is due to inaccessibility to it (30.70%). Geo-references data of the species were collected to identify and extrapolate their present distribution in Bajaur Agency. Cluster analysis was performed to check any similarities in ecological niches of the stands. We conclude from the survey that the species population has been drastically reduced and is under severe anthropogenic pressures including extensive and uncontrolled use of the plant as ethnomedicinal drug and due to its great economic value. However, it is recommended that further investigation into their possible future niche modelling and conservation analysis shall be carried out to save this important plant from extinction in the wild.
Uploads