- reitired academic professoredit
Research Interests: Vaccines, Health Policy, France, Ireland, Policy Analysis, and 12 moreGreece, Humans, United States, Thimerosal, Public Administration and Policy, Public health systems and services research, World Health Organization, Drug Compounding, Immunization Programs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Delivery of Health Care, and guidelines as topic
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... of the Results of Vaccination Samuel L. Katz, MD, G. Henry Kempe, MD, Francis L. Black, Ph.D., Martha L. Lepow, MD, Saul Krugman, MD ... Lepow, Gray and Robbins and Haggerty and his associates followed a total of 21 successfully... more
... of the Results of Vaccination Samuel L. Katz, MD, G. Henry Kempe, MD, Francis L. Black, Ph.D., Martha L. Lepow, MD, Saul Krugman, MD ... Lepow, Gray and Robbins and Haggerty and his associates followed a total of 21 successfully vaccinated children who had no evidence of ...
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In Mexico, measles occurred in a cyclical endemic-epidemic pattern until the early 1970s. Beginning in 1973, routine vaccination augmented by mass vaccination campaigns led to a decrease in the incidence of measles until the 1989-1990... more
In Mexico, measles occurred in a cyclical endemic-epidemic pattern until the early 1970s. Beginning in 1973, routine vaccination augmented by mass vaccination campaigns led to a decrease in the incidence of measles until the 1989-1990 regional pandemic, when the measles attack rate rose to 80 cases per 100000, resulting in 5899 deaths. Since the pandemic, measles elimination efforts in Mexico have resulted in increasing coverage to >95% among children aged 1-6 years with 2 doses of either measles or measles-mumps-rubella vaccine since 1996 and in coverage of 97.6% among children aged 6-10 since 1999. Surveillance data suggest that the transmission of indigenous measles virus was interrupted in 1997. After almost 4 years without measles cases, in April 2000, measles virus was reintroduced into Mexico and 30 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported. Detection of relatively few cases in nonprogrammatic age groups affirms the high immunization coverage and the sensitivity of measles surveillance in Mexico. We conclude that the specific strategies adopted for measles elimination have enabled Mexico to eliminate the endemic transmission of measles.
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... of the Results of Vaccination Samuel L. Katz, MD, G. Henry Kempe, MD, Francis L. Black, Ph.D., Martha L. Lepow, MD, Saul Krugman, MD ... Lepow, Gray and Robbins and Haggerty and his associates followed a total of 21 successfully... more
... of the Results of Vaccination Samuel L. Katz, MD, G. Henry Kempe, MD, Francis L. Black, Ph.D., Martha L. Lepow, MD, Saul Krugman, MD ... Lepow, Gray and Robbins and Haggerty and his associates followed a total of 21 successfully vaccinated children who had no evidence of ...
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To describe the progress and challenges in achieving measles elimination in Canada, we analyzed national data on measles cases for 1998-2001. To assess the status of measles elimination in Canada, we estimated the effective reproductive... more
To describe the progress and challenges in achieving measles elimination in Canada, we analyzed national data on measles cases for 1998-2001. To assess the status of measles elimination in Canada, we estimated the effective reproductive number, R. Measles elimination was defined as the interruption of endemic transmission and failure to reestablish endemic transmission after importation. Twelve isolated cases, 29 cases (72.4% were linked to 2 outbreaks), 199 cases (96.9% were linked to 4 outbreaks of 2, 6, 30, and 155 cases), and 34 cases (73.5% were linked to 8 outbreaks of 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, and 8 cases) were reported in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. R ranged from 0.58 to 0.95. Multiple chains of transmission occurred in religious communities that actively oppose or resist immunization efforts. Epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that endemic transmission of measles has been mostly interrupted since 1998.
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... La Jolla, CA), Deborah Storm (UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ), Russell Van Dyke (Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA), Diane Wara (University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San... more
... La Jolla, CA), Deborah Storm (UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ), Russell Van Dyke (Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA), Diane Wara (University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA), Catherine Wilfert (Duke ...
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ABSTRACT Although Rhazes, a Persian physician, is credited with the first written description of the measles [1], and perhaps with distinguishing between it and smallpox, earlier Hebrew physicians (such as Al Yehudi) had recognized the... more
ABSTRACT Although Rhazes, a Persian physician, is credited with the first written description of the measles [1], and perhaps with distinguishing between it and smallpox, earlier Hebrew physicians (such as Al Yehudi) had recognized the illness, but without distinction between it and other rash disorders. As urbanization occurred in subsequent centuries, the proximity or larger populations nurtured epidemics with continued circulation of virus in cities. By the seventeenth century, measles was more clearly recognized as a distinct entity as described in 1670 by the London physician, Thomas Sydenham [2]. In 1758, nearly 40 years before Jenner’s description of smallpox vaccine, a Scottish physician, Francis Home, attempted to produce mild measles by mimicking the variolation process used to mitigate smallpox [3]. Because, in contrast to smallpox, there were no vesicles or pustules, he chose to inoculate blood from an infected patient and was able to successfully pass infection with rash to ten of his 12 childhood subjects. Thus, he demonstrated the presence of viremia more than a century before the concept of virus had even been set forth.
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Traducción de: Infectious diseases of children Incluye bibliografía e índice
Traducción de: Krugman's Infectious Diseases of Children Incluye bibliografía e índice
The authors reviewed the means by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity was acquired for the 134 seropositive children seen at Duke University Medical Center prior to September 1990. Perinatal transmission occurred in... more
The authors reviewed the means by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity was acquired for the 134 seropositive children seen at Duke University Medical Center prior to September 1990. Perinatal transmission occurred in 111 (83%) and blood product transmission in 15 (11%). Of the 108 mothers (there were three sets of siblings) responsible for perinatal transmission, 44 (41%) had acquired their infection while residing in North Carolina. Intravenous (IV) drug use by the mother or her sexual partner was the significant risk factor for maternal infection in 91 (84%) of the total cases and in 38 (86%) of the 44 women infected in North Carolina. The proportion of women who acquired their HIV infection from a sexual partner who was an IV drug user was significantly greater for mothers who were resident in North Carolina when infected compared with mothers infected elsewhere (P less than .001). On the basis of admission to drug treatment programs during the 1990 fiscal year...
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Following their initial isolation in cell culture of the virus in 1954, a succession of investigators under the mentorship of John E Enders conducted the research, development, and initial clinical studies responsible for the licensure in... more
Following their initial isolation in cell culture of the virus in 1954, a succession of investigators under the mentorship of John E Enders conducted the research, development, and initial clinical studies responsible for the licensure in 1963 of a successful live attenuated measles virus vaccine. Propagation of the virus successively in human kidney cells, human amnion cells, embryonated hens' eggs, and finally chick embryo cell cultures had selected virus that when inoculated into susceptible monkeys proved immunogenic without viremia or overt disease, in contrast to the early kidney cell-passaged material, which in similar monkeys produced viremia with illness mimicking human measles. Careful clinical studies in children by the Enders group and then by collaborating investigators in many sites established its safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. This Edmonston strain measles virus became the progenitor of vaccines prepared, studied, and utilized throughout the United States ...
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In a retrospective study, sera from 84 children of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive mothers (35 HIV-infected and 49 uninfected children) with a known date of receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine were tested for... more
In a retrospective study, sera from 84 children of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive mothers (35 HIV-infected and 49 uninfected children) with a known date of receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine were tested for antibody to measles vaccine by an indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method and/or microneutralization (NEUT). At the time of last measurement, 21/35 (60.0%) HIV-infected children remained seropositive by either EIA or NEUT. Forty seven of forty-nine (95.9%) uninfected children had evidence of measles antibody. Six HIV-infected children had a documented loss of antibody over time. The majority of HIV-infected children had antibody to measles vaccine virus, which in some cases decreased over time.
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1. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1993;13:123-30. Varicella in a susceptible pregnant woman. Clements DA, Katz SL. Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. PMID: 8397905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].... more
1. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1993;13:123-30. Varicella in a susceptible pregnant woman. Clements DA, Katz SL. Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. PMID: 8397905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Review. ...
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Page 1. 1968;42;840-843 Pediatrics Catherine M. Katz and Samuel L. Katz Etiology of Bacterial Sepsis in Nephrotic Children 1963-1967 ... Invest., 39:802, 1960. 5. Harger, RN, and Hulpieu, HR : Pharmacol-ogy of alcohol. in Thompson, GN,... more
Page 1. 1968;42;840-843 Pediatrics Catherine M. Katz and Samuel L. Katz Etiology of Bacterial Sepsis in Nephrotic Children 1963-1967 ... Invest., 39:802, 1960. 5. Harger, RN, and Hulpieu, HR : Pharmacol-ogy of alcohol. in Thompson, GN, ed.: Al-cholism. ...
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An outbreak of streptococcal and staphylococcal skin disease was discovered in a full-term nursery after the discontinuation of bathing infants with hexachlorophene. The epidemic was only temporarily controlled by conventional means and... more
An outbreak of streptococcal and staphylococcal skin disease was discovered in a full-term nursery after the discontinuation of bathing infants with hexachlorophene. The epidemic was only temporarily controlled by conventional means and recurred despite reinstitution of hexachlorophene bathing. Measures that decreased infants' exposure to visitors and hospital personnel and enforced aseptic techniques in the nursery were more important than use of hexachlorophene soap in achieving and maintaining control.
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Varicella is usually a well-tolerated disease in normal children. Pyogenic infections involving the skin are the commonest complications and their potential severity is emphasized by our recent experience with two children who suffered... more
Varicella is usually a well-tolerated disease in normal children. Pyogenic infections involving the skin are the commonest complications and their potential severity is emphasized by our recent experience with two children who suffered from gangrene as a result of cutaneous superinfection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. We present the recognition and management of these patients in an effort to reacquaint physicians with this potentially fatal infection.
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In 1954, John F Enders, Frederick C Robbins and Thomas H Weller received the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their successful propagation of poliovirus in tissue culture. Like many great scientific advances, this was the... more
In 1954, John F Enders, Frederick C Robbins and Thomas H Weller received the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their successful propagation of poliovirus in tissue culture. Like many great scientific advances, this was the culmination of a lengthy series of laboratory investigations that had begun more that 20 years previously and had included the work of a
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Prospects for vaccine research, development, and use over the next decade are extraordinarily optimistic. Innovative investigative programs promise new vaccines with reduced numbers of injections, combinations of multiple antigens, and... more
Prospects for vaccine research, development, and use over the next decade are extraordinarily optimistic. Innovative investigative programs promise new vaccines with reduced numbers of injections, combinations of multiple antigens, and confinement of administration to the early weeks or months of life. Enhanced attention to the infrastructure and support of immunization programs should rapidly augment coverage to more than 90% of the US infant population in the first 2 years of life with all the recommended vaccines. Programs of the WHO and CVI should extend protection from morbidity and mortality of diseases preventable with vaccine to children of all nations. Adjustments and realignments of the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program should reduce to realistic dimensions the finances of benefits for children who suffer the rare, true adverse responses to required immunizations. In order to maintain familiarity and leadership in childhood immunization, pediatricians will need to maintain careful attention to and familiarity with all these emerging developments.
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Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our... more
Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. ... Skip Navigation Links Home > April ...
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We evaluated the responses of HIV-infected children to a single dose of split-virus influenza vaccine and the relationship to viral load and other characteristics. Fifty-three HIV-infected children ages 1.8 to 13.2 years were given... more
We evaluated the responses of HIV-infected children to a single dose of split-virus influenza vaccine and the relationship to viral load and other characteristics. Fifty-three HIV-infected children ages 1.8 to 13.2 years were given influenza vaccine for the 1994 to 1995 influenza season (Wyeth-Ayerst: A/Texas H1N1, A/Shangdong H3N2 and B/Panama). Immunologic and virologic factors were assessed at the time of and 2 to 10 weeks after immunization. The differences between pre- and postimmunization CD4+ counts, CD4+:CD8+ ratios and viral load were not significant. Thirty-one of 53 children (58.4%) had a > 2-fold increase and 16 of 53 (30%) had a 4-fold rise in their postimmunization antibody titers for at least one component of the vaccine. Influenza immunization in the 1993 to 1994 flu season and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin around the time of immunization was not associated with immune response to the vaccine. Factors that were negatively associated with antibody response included increased time between samples (P = 0.004) and decreased preimmunization CD4+:CD8+ ratio (P = 0.02). Influenza immunization in this population is safe, and a positive antibody response to influenza immunization is not associated with significant clinical events or change in HIV-1 plasma viral burden.
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Public trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines is one key to the remarkable success of immunization programs within the United States and globally. Allegations of harm from vaccination have raised parental, political, and clinical... more
Public trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines is one key to the remarkable success of immunization programs within the United States and globally. Allegations of harm from vaccination have raised parental, political, and clinical anxiety to a level that now threatens the ability of children to receive timely, full immunization. Multiple factors have contributed to current concerns, including the interdependent issues of an evolving communications environment and shortfalls in structure and resources that constrain research on immunization safety (immunization-safety science). Prompt attention by public health leadership to spreading concern about the safety of immunization is essential for protecting deserved public trust in immunization.
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... COMMENTARY. Has the Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Been Fully Exonerated? Samuel L. Katz, MD. ... 5 In this issue of Pediatrics, D'Souza et al 6 present their detailed, careful laboratory studies that refute these claims and... more
... COMMENTARY. Has the Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Been Fully Exonerated? Samuel L. Katz, MD. ... 5 In this issue of Pediatrics, D'Souza et al 6 present their detailed, careful laboratory studies that refute these claims and explain the errors that led to them. ...
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Vaccines against childhood diseases represent some of the most important applications of 20th-century pediatric research. This survey examines how the components of the current U.S. immunization schedule emerged in three phases during the... more
Vaccines against childhood diseases represent some of the most important applications of 20th-century pediatric research. This survey examines how the components of the current U.S. immunization schedule emerged in three phases during the course of the century. The first phase, after the development of bacterial culture techniques, witnessed numerous efforts in the early 1900s to develop bacterial vaccines. It proved most fruitful with respect to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The rise of viral tissue culture techniques in the 1950s brought about a second phase of innovation resulting in vaccines against polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. A third wave of innovation, still very much alive, has drawn on a variety of new technologies and led to vaccines against hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, and still other organisms. Although basic science research has thus been a primary factor shaping the history of vaccine development, the collaboration between the academic, private, and public sectors critical to its application has not always proceeded smoothly. The history of vaccine research and development has important implications for today, as a variety of factors threaten to fragment this network.
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Study objectives were to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of three HIV recombinant glycoproteins in HIV-infected infants and children between 1 month and 18 years of age with asymptomatic (P-1) infection. Using Chiron rgp 120 (SF-2)... more
Study objectives were to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of three HIV recombinant glycoproteins in HIV-infected infants and children between 1 month and 18 years of age with asymptomatic (P-1) infection. Using Chiron rgp 120 (SF-2) 15 or 50 microg; MicroGeneSys rgp 160 (IIIB) 40 or 320 microg; Genentech rgp120 (MN) 75 or 300 microg; or adjuvant control (Alum or MF-59), children were randomized to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study of vaccine administered intramuscularly at entry and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months later. No adverse events were attributed to study vaccines. Between 30% and 56% of volunteers exhibited a lymphoproliferative response as defined in terms of stimulation index (SI) to vaccine antigens; 65% of vaccinees but none of placebo recipients exhibited moderate or strong responses after enzyme immunoassay to HIV specific antigens. CD4 cell counts and quantitative HIV culture did not differ significantly among vaccine and control groups, nor were differences found among groups in HIV disease progression. The rgp160 and gp120 subunit vaccines were safe and immunogenic in this population.