Papers by Sergazy Sakenov
Electronic scientific journal "edu.e-history.kz". Vol. 11. No. 2. Pp. 507–518. (In Russ.), 2024
Введение. Вторичные захоронения – хорошо известный факт в археологической науке. Под этим словос... more Введение. Вторичные захоронения – хорошо известный факт в археологической науке. Под этим словосочетанием понимаются любые находки человеческих останков, уложенные или погребенные в уже существовавших погребальных конструкциях.
К пристройкам относятся сооружения, ограды, курганы, возведенные в разные исторические периоды и также содержащие антропологический материал. Такие экстраординарные материалы зачастую остаются вне поле зрения исследователей, тем самым не теряют своей актуальности. Цель и задачи исследования. Введение в научный оборот и интерпретация пристроек, содержащих разновременные материалы, а также памятников с признаками
вторичного захоронения, исследованных на территории Северного Казахстана. Результаты. На территории Шагалалы-Кеноткельского археологического микрорайона выявлены погребения, совершенные в руинах жилищ бронзового века, на участке самого поселения
обнаружены вторичные захоронения. Исследованы погребальные конструкции, включающие захоронения разных исторических эпох, плотно пристроенные друг к другу. Выводы. Приведенные примеры погребальных сооружений отчетливо показывают многовековую
историю заселения территории Шагалалы-Кеноткельского археологического микрорайона. В данном регионе тысячелетиями проживали и осваивали его, сменяя друг друга, различные
племена и археологические культуры. Имеющиеся материалы доказывают, что у каждого народа есть историческая память.
Secondary burials are a well-known fact in archaeological science. This
phrase refers to any findings of human remains placed or buried in pre-existing burial structures. Extensions include structures, fences, mounds, erected in different historical periods and also containing anthropological material. Such extraordinary materials often remain out of sight of
researchers, thereby not losing their relevance. Purpose and objectives of the study. Introduction to scientific circulation and interpretation of extensions containing materials from different periods, as well as monuments with signs of secondary burial, studied in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. Results. On the territory of the Shagalaly-Kenotkel archaeological microdistrict, burials were discovered in the ruins of Bronze Age dwellings, and secondary burials were discovered on the site
of the settlement itself. Funerary structures have been studied, including burials of different historical eras, tightly built to each other. Conclusions. The given examples of burial structures clearly show the centuries-old history of settlement of the territory of the Shagalaly-Kenotkel archaeological microdistrict. Various tribes and archaeological cultures have lived and developed in this region for thousands of years, replacing each other. Available materials prove that every nation has a historical
memory
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Вестник Карагандинского университета. Серия «История. Философия». 29, 2(114) , 2024
В статье представлены результаты полевых исследований 2022–2023 гг. в Юго-Восточном Казахстане. А... more В статье представлены результаты полевых исследований 2022–2023 гг. в Юго-Восточном Казахстане. Авторы вводят в научный оборот сведения о наскальных изображениях раннего железного века, зафиксированных в горах Кайракколь и Каракунгей в Аксуском районе Жетысуской области. Приведены данные по шести скоплениям петроглифов с рисунками данного хронологического периода. Рисунки встречаются на открытых вертикальных и горизонтальных плоскостях крупных и малых скальных выходов, на вершинах южных, юго-западных и юго-восточных склонов гор. Наскальные изображения выполнены в двух основных техниках — пикетажа и поверхностной выбивке. Петроглифы раннего железного века входят в состав крупных скоплений разновременных петроглифов. В перечень изображений входят олени, волки, кабаны, горные козлы, архары и антропоморфные персонажи. Ряд петроглифов находят прямые или косвенные аналогии в искусстве раннесакских кочевников Центральной Азии, сакских племен Жетысу и кочевников гунно-сарматского периода. В результате проведенного анализа на основании стилистических аналогий в составе петроглифов раннего железного века изучаемого региона выделены три устойчивые хронологические группы: 1) VIII–VII вв.
до н.э.; 2) VI–III вв. до н.э.; 3) II в. до н.э.–V в. н.э.
he article presents the results of field research in South-East Kazakhstan in 2022–2023. The authors introduce into scientific circulation information about early Iron Age rock paintings recorded in the Kairakkol and
Karakungey mountains in the Aksu region of the Zhetysu region. Data are provided on six clusters of petroglyphs with drawings from this chronological period. The drawings are found on open vertical and horizontal planes of large and small rocky outcrops, on the tops of the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes of the mountains. The rock carvings were made using two main techniques: the piquetage technique and surface carving. Petroglyphs of the Early Iron Age are part of large accumulations of petroglyphs of different periods. The list of images includes deer, wolves, wild boars, mountain goats and argali, anthropomorphic characters. A number of petroglyphs find direct or indirect analogies in the art of the early Saka nomads of Central Asia,
the Saka tribes of Zhetysu and the nomads of the Hun-Sarmatian period. Based on stylistic analogies in the composition of the Early Iron Age petroglyphs of the studied region and on the basis of the analysis carried
out, three stable chronologica
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Археология Евразийских степей, №3, 2024
В работе представлены результаты полевых археологических исследований на территории городища Быты... more В работе представлены результаты полевых археологических исследований на территории городища Бытыгай, где выявлены погребения периода Улуса Джучи. Два погребения установлены по косвенным признакам на поверхности земли, еще два погребения обнаружены методом сплошного вскрытия грунта; абсолютный возраст получен методом радиоуглеродного датированием. Использованы полевые материалы, полученные авторами в ходе проведения археологических изысканий в полевых сезонах 2021-2023 гг. на территории памятника. Основанием для интерпретации послужили надмогильные конструкции, описание погребальных камер, антропологический материал, а также погребальный обряд. Впервые в научный оборот вводятся материалы из городища и некрополя Бытыгай. Помимо традиционных методов, используемых в археологических исследованиях, таких как стратиграфия, аналогия, проведены междисциплинарные исследования. Результаты являются предварительными, так как ранее комплексное исследование такого сложного археологического объекта не проводилось. Городище и некрополь Бытыгай имеют специфические особенности, связанные со степным ландшафтом; структурные и архитектурные объекты, образующие городище, отличаются от других городов и городищ золотоордынского периода Поволжья, западного и южного Казахстана.
The paper presents the results of fi eld archaeological research on the territory of the Bytygai settlement,
where burials of the period of the Ulus of Jochi were identifi ed. Two burials were revealed by indirect evidence on the surface of the ground, two more burials were found by the method of full uncover of the soil. The absolute age was obtained by radiocarbon dating. The authors used fi eld materials obtained during archaeological studies on the territory of the monument in the 2021–2023 fi eld seasons. The basis for the interpretation was grave structures, descriptions of burial chambers, anthropological material, as well as burial rites. For the fi rst time, materials from the Bytygai settlement and are introduced into scientifi c discourse. In addition to the traditional methods used in archaeological studies, such as stratigraphy, analogy, interdisciplinary study has been
carried out. The results are preliminary, since a comprehensive study of such a complicated archaeological site has not been carried out previously. Bytygai settlement and necropolis have specifi c features related to the steppe landscape. The structural and architectural objects that form the settlement diff er from other cities and settlements of the Golden Horde period in the Volga region, western and southern Kazakhstan
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Archaeological Research in Asia, 2024
The article presents the results of the research conducted at the megalithic monument located in ... more The article presents the results of the research conducted at the megalithic monument located in the Burabay district of the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The monument received the name “Taskamal” (from the Kazakh language “Stone fortress”) from local residents and tourists due to its monumentality and charac teristic masonry of granite blocks. The research focused on recording the architecture of the monument and understanding its cultural and chronological affiliation. The megalithic structure with a complex layout inscribed into the terrain. The study provides data on its key architectural elements - a long megalithic wall made of granite boulders, an embankment central platform, two ramps, an external platform, stone steles, relief images, quarries and a workshop. Analogies of individual elements of the complex, the construction techniques and its archaeological features, including depiction of a laying bull, allow us to preliminary date the object to the 2nd millennium BCE. We believe that the complex could be associated with the gold mining activities in Burabay during the Late Bronze Age and possibly was a place of worship for the miners.
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Journal of Ancient History and Archeology, 2024
Karkaraly korgantas is a large archaeological site in Central
Kazakhstan, known in sources as th... more Karkaraly korgantas is a large archaeological site in Central
Kazakhstan, known in sources as the “Kalmyk Wall.” Based on new research conducted at the site and in its surroundings, an interpretation of the monument as a ritual and cult one is given. Karkaraly korgantas includes various landscape elements: rocks, passages in rocks, flat areas on the tops of rocks, small outcrops, as well as man-made structures: stone walls and alleys. There are five main elements in the structure of the monument—two long stone walls running along the top of the ridge, a central part with a stele, a natural platform in the southern part of the complex, and a rectangular structure to the west of the central part. The study of similar types of cult objects in adjacent territories made it possible to attribute this monument to the Late Bronze Age. According
to researchers, the monument is associated with the cult activities of ancient communities of Karkaraly and the observation of the sunrise on the day of the spring equinox.
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Turkic Studies Journal / История и Археология №4, VOL.5, 2023
Накопление источниковой базы по средневековой археологии степной зоны Казахстана относится в наст... more Накопление источниковой базы по средневековой археологии степной зоны Казахстана относится в настоящее время к числу приоритетных в науке. Достигнуты определенные успехи в изучении на территории Казахстана памятников таких средневековых государств, как древнетюркские каганаты, ханства – Кимакское, Огузское, Улуг Улус, Казахское. Вместе с тем отсутствие комплексного изучения данной эпохи привело к нерегулярному ее исследованию. Целью статьи является введение в научный оборот материалов погребения раннего Средневековья из северного региона Казахстана. Исследованный курган тюркского времени расположен в Кеноткел-Шагалалинском археологическом микрорайоне (Зерендинский район, Акмолинская область). Центральное погребение относится к эпохе раннего железного века, в дальнейшем к нему в раннем средневековье была пристроена ограда. Особенности погребального обряда – восточная ориентировка, сопроводительное захоронение лошади – позволили прийти к выводу о том, что было изучено погребение тюркского времени. С помощью проведенных анализов удалось выяснить, что погребение является женским, и это позволило выполнить расчет корреляции между естественно-научными методами и собственно археологической интерпретацией. В погребении были обнаружены серьга, фрагмент зеркала и пряслице. Датирующим предметом является серьга, оформление которой позволило определить
время возведения этой погребальной конструкции второй половиной VIIIIX в. Важным источником по гендерной информации эпохи средневековья являются погребальный обряд и состав погребального инвентаря.
Female burial of the Turkic period from the barrow of Shagalaly V
At present, the source database expansion on medieval archaeology of the Kazakh steppe is among the priorities in science. Certain success was achieved in the study of sites of such medieval states of the ancient Turkic Khaganates as Kimak, Oghuz, Ulug Ulus, and Kazakh Khaganate on the territory of Kazakhstan. At the same time, the lack of a comprehensive study of this era led to its occasional research. The purpose of the article is to introduce early Middle Ages burial materials from the northern region of Kazakhstan into scientific circulation. Turkic mound is located in the Kenotkel-Shagalaly archaeological microdistrict. The central burial belongs to the era of the early Iron Age, later the fence was added in the early Middle Ages. Such peculiarities of the funeral rite as the eastern orientation, and the accompanying horse burial indicate that burial belongs to the Turkic time. Burial research and items as an earing, a fragment of a mirror and a spindle whorl found in the burial site suggest that it was a grave of a woman. The dating object is an earring and the time of the construction of this funerary structure was determined. That is the second half of the VIII-IX century.
Keywords: Saryarka, Northern Kazakhstan, ancient Turks, the Middle Ages, gender, funeral rite,
economy, spindle whorl, weaving.
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Археология Казахстана / Междисциплинарные исследования № 4 (22), 2023
Впервые в научный оборот вводятся результаты археозоологического анализа остеологических материал... more Впервые в научный оборот вводятся результаты археозоологического анализа остеологических материалов поселения Шагалалы ІІ. Целью исследования является определение и сравнительный анализ видового состава животных в хозяйстве населения эпохи бронзы Северного Казахстана. В ходе работ установлен видовой состав домашней и промысловой палеофауны, оценены возрастные и экстерьерные характеристики скота. Исследована 2351 кость животных, из которых 1883 кости определены до вида. Среди остеологических остатков преобладают домашние животные (77,9%), также встречены кости диких млекопитающих (2,2%) и птиц. Среди домашних животных доля мелкого рогатого скота составляет 46,9%. На втором месте – кости крупного рогатого скота (42,9%), на третьем – лошади (8,1%). В малом количестве выявлены кости собаки и верблюда-бактриана. Структура костного материала и степень его раздроблености показывает, что овец забивали преимущественно в возрасте от 2-х до 4-х лет, а крупный рогатый скот – в возрасте от 2,5 лет. Большинство особей лошади забито в зрелом и старшем возрасте. Домашних животных забивали и разделывали на территории поселения. Результаты археозоологического исследования служат источником информации о животноводстве у населения бронзового века региона.
Pastoral economy of the Bronze Age population in Northern Kazakhstan
(based on materials of the Shagalaly II settlement)
In the article, for the first time, the results of archaeozoological analysis of osteological materials from the settlement of Shagalaly II are entered into scientific discourse. The purpose of the research is to determine and
to analyze the species composition of animals in the farms of the Bronze Age population of Northern Kazakhstan. During the study of the osteological collection the main objectives were to determine the species composition of the paleofauna, skeletal elements, age characteristics and external characteristics. As a result, a total of 2351 animal bones were examined, of which 1883 bones were identified to the species. Domestic animals dominate among osteological materials (77.8%), bones of wild animals (2.2%) and birds are also found. The share of sheep and goats among the identified bones of domestic animals is 46.9%. The second place is taken by the bones of cattle (42.9%), and in the third place are horses’ bones (8.1%). Camel and dog bones are also present in small quantity. The structure of the bone material and fragmentation indices show that sheep were slaughtered more between 2 and 4 years of age, and cattle were used for meat from 2.5 years of age. Most of the horses are slaughtered in adulthood and old age. Domestic animals were slaughtered and butchered on the territory of the settlement. The results of the study serve as a source of information about animal husbandry among the Bronze Age population of the region.
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ЕDU.E-HISTORY.KZ / АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ, 2023
Введение. Статья посвящена обобщению и характеристике случайных находок из цветных металлов, обна... more Введение. Статья посвящена обобщению и характеристике случайных находок из цветных металлов, обнаруженных на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области Республики Казахстан. Коллекция артефактов, публикуемых впервые, состоит из трех предметов. Морфологически они представляют собой двулезвийный нож-кинжал, нож-серп и пластинчатый однолезвийный нож. Цель и задачи исследования. Ввод в научный оборот и археологическая интерпретация новых артефактов. Картографирование находок и привязка к расположенным в районе обнаружения памятникам археологии. Результаты. В статье аргументирована принадлежность ножа-кинжала и ножа-серпа к древностям саргаринско-алексеевской культуры позднего бронзового века. Пластинчатый нож отнесен к предметам федоровской археологической культуры. Проведен картографический анализ мест обнаружения и разведка данной территории. По результатам проведенных работ составлена новая карта археологических памятников в окрестностях озера Тасшалкар и поселка Мадениет. В результате осмотра места обнаружения ножа-кинжала и ножа-серпа выявлено ранее неизвестное поселение бронзового века. Хронологически и культурно его можно соотнести с расположенным рядом могильником позднефедоровского и саргаринского времени Буйрек-коль. В результате осмотра места обнаружения пластинчатого ножа обнаружены древняя горная выработка и многослойное поселение. Предварительно можно предположить, что они связаны с расположенным рядом могильником федоровской культуры Обалы. Выводы. Новые находки подтвердили имеющиеся представления о том, что археологические памятники бронзового века горнолесного массива Бурабай относятся к двум последовательно существовавшим культурам – федоровской и саргаринско-алексеевской. Новые находки и открытия расширяют представления об уровне горного дела и металлургии, системе расселения древних общин региона и дают дополнительную информацию для реконструкции хозяйственно-экономического развития местного населения во II тыс. до н.э.
Introduction. The article is dedicated to the generalization and characterization of random finds of non-ferrous metals found on the territory of the Burabay district of the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The collection of artifacts published for the first time consists of three items. Morphologically, they are a double-edged knife-dagger, a sickle knife and a single-blade bladed knife. Goals. Putting into scientific circulation and archaeological interpretation of new artifacts. Mapping of finds and linking to archeological monuments located in the area of discovery. Results. The article argues that the knife-dagger and the knife-sickle belong to the antiquities of the Sargarin-Alexeev culture of the Late Bronze Age. The lamellar knife is attributed to the objects of the Fedorov archaeological culture. A cartographic analysis of the detection sites and exploration of this territory was carried out. Based on the
results of the work carried out, a new map of archaeological sites in the vicinity of Lake Tasshalkar and the village of Madeniet was compiled. As a result of the inspection of the place where the knife-dagger and the sickle-knife were found, a previously unknown settlement of the Bronze Age was revealed, which
can be correlated with the nearby burial ground of the Late Fedorov and Sargarin time Buyrek-Kol. As a result of the examination of the place where the plate knife was found, an ancient mine working and a multi-layered settlement were discovered, which are probably associated with the burial ground of the
Fedorov culture of Obaly located nearby. Conclusions. New finds confirmed the existing ideas that the archaeological sites of the Bronze Age Burabay mountain forest massif belong to two successively existing cultures - Fedorovskaya and Sargarinsko-Alekseevskaya. New finds and discoveries expand the understanding of the level of mining and metallurgy, the system of settlement of the ancient communities of the region and provide additional information for the reconstruction of the economic development of
the local population in the 2nd millennium BC.
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The Research of Cult Objects of the Bronze Age in the Territory of the Burabay Mountain Forest Massif // ACCU Nara International Correspondent Vol. 29 The Twenty-ninth Regular Report, 2022
Abstract: On the field expedition 2022, an archeologocal research was held by scientists of the I... more Abstract: On the field expedition 2022, an archeologocal research was held by scientists of the Institute of Archeology named after A. Margulan in the Burabay district of the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The expedition was focused on the Taskamal megalithic complex located in the inner basin of the Burabay mountain forest massif. The monument consists of three main elements that are inscribed in the landscape: two long megalithic lines made of masonry walls and an artificial terrace with two ramps. The complex also include: mining for granite, a workshop and a platform external from one of the walls. The monument contains a bas-relief, stone steles and menhirs. Two burial grounds were explored to the north of the complex. Three fences were excavated at the Kyzyltobe burial ground, where two of them were funerary monuments. A “dolmen-like” object was investigated in fence No. 50, it is a stone box with floor slabs and a round hole. On the territory of the Zhumakai burial ground, two ritual objects were recognized - a cromlech and a laying out with a stele. Moreover, there was an exploration and revision of archaeological sites carried out - ore workings and developments of placers at the foot of Mount Sinyukha, to the north of the Lakes Bolshoye Chebachye and Maloe Chebachye, on the Sarybulak stream, a burial ground and a Bronze Age settlement of Borovoe. The result of the work shows a rather peculiar society of ancient miners and metallurgists that was formed in the Bronze Age in the Burabay region. Quite peculiar against the background of other Fedorov and Sargarin-Alekseev groups.
Keywords: Bronze Age, archaeological excavation and exploration, Burabay, Fedorov culture, Sargarin-Alexeev culture, fences, megaliths
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КУРГАН РАННЕСАКСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ УЛЬКЕНСОР, 2023
Ссылка на журнал Поволжская археология №1 (43) 2023 http://archaeologie.pro/ru/archive/43/
В 2... more Ссылка на журнал Поволжская археология №1 (43) 2023 http://archaeologie.pro/ru/archive/43/
В 2020 году на берегу озера Улькенсор (территория Бурабайского района Акмолинской области) был обнаружен и затем исследован одиночный курган, в котором находилось погребение раннесакского времени. В данной статье приводятся анализ результатов практического исследования полученных материалов и их интерпретация. Погребение совершено в подбое, на дне находился полный скелет человека в вытянутом положении, на спине, головой ориентирован на запад с отклонением к югу. Сопроводительный инвентарь представлен наборным поясом, бронзовым кинжалом в чехле с бутеролью, точильным камнем, колчаном с бронзовыми наконечниками стрел, камчой,
роговым костыльком и железным ножом. Погребальный обряд и предметный комплекс позволяют отнести памятник к улубай-тасмолинской археологической культуре Северного Казахстана и датировать VII–VI вв. до н. э. Важнейшей археологической находкой для региона является наборный пояс, детали которого изготовлены из рога (предположительно, из рога оленя). Форма и тип отдельных элементов этого специфического украшения, его декор и конструктивные особенности отражали положение владельца на социальной лестнице, а также находят аналогии в тасмолинской культуре Центрального Казахстана и в круге раннесакских памятников от Урала до Саяно-Алтая.
Ключевые слова: археология, Казахстан, Кокчетавская возвышенность, Бурабай, кочевники, улубай-тасмолинская культура, звериный стиль, курган, погребение, раннесакское время, колчанный набор, наборный пояс.
In 2020 on the shore of Lake Ulkensor (in the Burabay district of the Akmola region) a single barrow was discovered and then studied, there was a burial of the early Saka time. This paper presents an analysis of the results of a practical study of the obtained materials and their interpretation. The burial was performed in undercut, at the bottom there was a full skeleton of a man in an extended position, on his back, with his head oriented to the west with a defl ection to the south. Accompanying goods are represented by a composite belt, a bronze dagger in a case with a chape, a grindstone, a quiver with bronze arrowheads, a whip, a antler clasp and an iron knife. The burial rite and set of items allow the authors to attribute the site to the Ulubai-Tasmola archaeological culture of Northern Kazakhstan and date it to the 7th–6th centuries BC. The most important archaeological fi nd for the region is a composite belt, its details are made of antler (presumably, of deer antler). The shape and type of individual elements of this specifi c decoration, its decor and design features refl ected the position of the owner on the social ladder and also fi nd analogies in the Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan and in the circle of early Saka sites from the Urals to the Altai-Sayan.
Keywords: archaeology, Kazakhstan, Kokshetau Hills, Burabay, nomads, Ulubai-Tasmola culture, animal style, barrow, burial, early Saka period, quiver set, composite belt
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THE BRONZE SICKLE-SCYTHE – A FIND FROM THE VICINITY OF BURABAY, 2023
Ссылка на сайт журнала https://edu.ehistory.kz/index.php/history/issue/view/38
Abstract. Intro... more Ссылка на сайт журнала https://edu.ehistory.kz/index.php/history/issue/view/38
Abstract. Introduction. The article is dedicated to the analysis of one category of archaeological artifact – a bronze sickle-scythe. The sickle-scythe was found during archaeological exploration in the field season of 2022 in the Burabay district of the Akmola region. The article gives a complete description and discusses the functional purpose of the sickle-scythe. The tool is considered as an item used in the post-burial ritual performed on the territory of the burial ground, and is interpreted as one of the items intended for offering to deities. Goals and Objectives. What traditions were used when burying the bronze sickle-scythe from the Burabay region? What religious and social ideas of the inhabitants of these regions were embodied in the performance of such a ceremony? These and other questions are the focus of this research. Results. The cultural and historical affiliation of the monument is attributed to the Nura archaeological culture. This work also remarks the change of tradition in burial practice. Conclusions. The authors propose a hypothesis about the spread of the cremation process, in connection with which the number of metal objects in the set of grave goods decreases. They are replaced by offerings in the form of vessels with food and the use of metal objects in post-burial practice. Special sacrificial places on the territory of the burial ground, where ritual offerings were made, emphasize the originality of the Nura archaeological culture.
Введение. Статья посвящена анализу одной категории археологического артефакта ― бронзового серпа-косы. Серп-коса был найден в ходе проведения археологической разведки в полевом сезоне 2022 года на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области. В работе даны полное описание и функциональное предназначение серпа-косы. Серп-коса
рассматривается как предмет, используемый в постпогребальном ритуале, совершаемом на территории могильника, и интерпретируется как один из предметов, предназначенных для
подношения божествам. Цель и задачи исследования. Какие традиции использовались при захоронении бронзовой серповидной косы из Бурабайского района? Какие религиозные и социальные представления жителей этих регионов воплощались в совершении такого обряда? Эти и другие вопросы находятся в центре внимания настоящего исследования. Результаты. Культурно-историческая принадлежность памятника отнесена к нуринской археологической
культуре. В работе акцентируется внимание на изменении традиции в погребальной практике. Автором выдвинута гипотеза о распространении процесса кремации, в связи, чем в наборе
погребального инвентаря уменьшается количество металлических предметов. Они заменяются подношениями в виде сосудов с пищей и использованием металлических предметов в постпогребальной практике. Выводы. Специальные жертвенные места на территории
могильника, где совершались ритуальные подношения, подчеркивают своеобразие нуринской археологической культуры
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Реконструкция святилища позднего Средневековья в лесном массиве Бурабай, 2023
Ссылка на сайт журнала https://tsj.enu.kz/index.php/new/issue/view
Изучение ритуальной деятельн... more Ссылка на сайт журнала https://tsj.enu.kz/index.php/new/issue/view
Изучение ритуальной деятельности прошлого, извлечение исторической информации из накопленного материала и ее анализ являются одним из направлений научного поиска в археологической науке. В статье приводятся результаты исследования святилища эпохи позднего Средневековья археологическим отрядом филиала Института археологии имени А. Х. Маргулана в 2021 году. Святилище находится на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области, в лесном массиве, на берегу высохшего в настоящее время родника. Расположение в данном природном комплексе позволяет отнести его к сакральным объектам, связанным с почитанием и поклонением природе. В процессе обследования культового сооружения как археологического объекта были обнаружены любопытные артефакты – небольшое глиняное изделие конической формы и железная тренога.
В данной работе авторы представили процесс кодирования и фиксации специфических этнических черт как инокультурного явления в окружении автохтонного населения и под влиянием буддизма. В статье изложены итоги изучения сакральных мест, обычаев и традиций, связанных с почитанием духов как хранителей природы и местности, показана структурная связь между элементами объекта, выявленная в ходе изучения конкретных ритуалов и мировоззренческих понятий жителей, оставивших изучаемый священный уголок. Выполнен поиск аналогий, приведены сведения о степени изученности этого типа археологических памятников, осуществлена графическая реконструкция святилища. Памятник относится к эпохе позднего Средневековья и является частью культурного наследия прошлого.
The study of the ritual activities of the past, the analysis and extraction of historical information from the accumulated material are one of the areas of scientific research in archaeological science. The article presents the results of the study of the sanctuary of the late Middle Ages by the archaeological team of the branch of the Institute of Archeology named after A. Kh. Margulan in 2021. The sanctuary is located on the territory of the Burabay district of the Akmola region, in a forest, on the banks of a spring that has now dried up. Its location in this natural complex allows it to be attributed to sacred objects associated with the veneration and worship of nature. In the process of examining the religious building as an archaeological object, curious artifacts were discovered - a small clay product of a conical shape and an iron tripod. On the west side, at a distance of 0.15 m from the central cenotaph put, another log was found, which differs from the others in its location and diameter. The wooden statue placed in front of the pit can be interpreted as an architectural element of the overall cult building.
In this paper, the authors presented the process of coding and fixing specific ethnic features as a foreign cultural phenomenon surrounded by the autochthonous population and under the influence of Buddhism.
The article presents the results of the study of sacred places, customs and traditions associated with the veneration of spirits as guardians of nature and locality, shows the structural relationship between the elements of the object, revealed during the study of specific rituals and worldview concepts of the inhabitants who left the studied sacred corner. A search for analogies was made, information was given on the degree of study of this type of archaeological sites, and a graphic reconstruction of the sanctuary was carried out. The monument belongs to the late Middle Ages and is part of the cultural heritage of the country and people.
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Архитектура каменных сооружений эпохи бронзы в окрестностях Бурабая, 2022
В статье рассматриваются материалы исследования древних культовых сооружений бронзового века на м... more В статье рассматриваются материалы исследования древних культовых сооружений бронзового века на могильнике Кызылтобе. Описаны архитектура построек, погребальный обряд и сопроводительный инвентарь, рассмотрены технологические приемы, использованные при добыче материалов, применяемых в строительстве. В результате проведенных работ на могильнике раскопаны четыре ограды: № 9, 13, 29, 50. Погребение, находившееся в ограде № 9, совершено в грунтовой яме с дромосом, оформленным в виде тамбура, который наклонно входит в восточную стенку могильной ямы под каменным кольцом надмогильной оградки. На плоском деревянном блюде, расположенном в каменном ящике ограды № 13, находился прах кремированного человека. Внутри оградки № 29 обнаружены два погребения, совершенные по обряду ингумация: взрослое – в основной ограде, детское – в пристройке. В ограждении под номером 50 был зафиксирован и исследован монументальный каменный ящик без погребения, в центре которого на дне лежал гранитный камень. Ящик перекрыт крупными плитами, в центре которых проделан круглый проем. На одной из боковых стенок ящика выявлен петроглиф оленя. Исследованные на могильнике Кызылтобе грунтовые могильные ямы, каменные ящики, захоронения по обряду кремации и сопроводительный инвентарь в виде орнаментированных керамических сосудов, размещенные на огражденных участках, находят аналогии в могильниках Боровое, Буйрекколь и Обалы. Данные памятники расположены в окрестностях Бурабая и относятся к федоровской археологической культуре. Новыми зафиксированными элементами погребальных конструкций являются дромос и каменный ящик с проемом в перекрытии. Изображение оленя на стенке ящика – факт сам по себе примечательный; образ оленя – один из мотивов искусства звериного стиля. А возможно, это отголосок тотемизма. Согласно данным радиоуглеродного анализа костного материала из ограды № 29, могильник Кызылтобе датируется XVIII–XVII вв. до н. э.
Architecture of stone structures of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of Burabay
The article deals with the materials of the study of ancient religious buildings of the Bronze Age at the Kyzyltobe burial ground. The architecture of buildings, the funeral rite and accompanying inventory are described, the technological methods used in the extraction of materials used in construction are considered. As a result of the work carried out, four fences were excavated at the burial ground: No. 9, 13, 29, 50. The burial, located in enclosure No. 9, was made in a dirt pit with a dromos designed in the form of a tambour, which obliquely enters the eastern wall of the grave pit under the stone ring of the tomb enclosure. The ashes of a cremated person were located on a flat wooden dish, located in a stone box in fence No. 13. Inside enclosure No. 29, two burials were found, made according to the rite of inhumation: an adult - in the main enclosure, a children's - in an extension. In enclosure number 50, a monumental stone box without a burial was fixed and examined, in the center of which a granite stone lay at the bottom. The box is covered with large slabs, in the center of which there is a round opening. A petroglyph of a deer was found on one of the side walls of the box.
Soil burial pits, stone cists, burials according to the rite of cremation and accompanying inventory in the form of ornamented ceramic vessels, located in fenced areas, studied at the Kyzyltobe burial ground, find analogies in the burial grounds of Borovoye, Buyrekkol and Obali. These monuments are located in the vicinity of Burabay and belong to the Fedorov archaeological culture. The new fixed elements of the burial structures are the dromos and the stone box with an opening in the ceiling. The image of a deer on the wall of the box is a remarkable fact in itself; the image of a deer is one of the motifs of animal style art. And perhaps this is an echo of totemism. According to radiocarbon analysis of bone material from fence No. 29, the Kyzyltobe burial site dates back to the 18th–17th centuries BC.
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Исследование средневекового производственного цеха на городище Бытыгай, 2021
Статья посвящена изучению новых археологических данных, полученных в результате исследования горо... more Статья посвящена изучению новых археологических данных, полученных в результате исследования городища Бытыгай. Памятник расположен в окрестностях села Коргалжин Акмолинской области (Республика Казахстан). В научный оборот вводятся материалы, полученные при исследовании производственного цеха. Памятник в сочетании с другими объектами образует единый городской и технологический центр, существующий на территории Тенгиз-Коргалжинского региона и даже всего Центрального Казахстана. Исследованный в 2021 г. объект и другие строения на городище Бытыгай обладают совокупностью характерных черт и признаков тимуридского архитектурного стиля и, по предварительным данным, датируются XIV–XV веками.
The article is devoted to the study of new archaeological data obtained as a result of the study of the Bytygai settlement. The monument is located in the vicinity of the village of Korgalzhin, Akmola region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The materials obtained in the study of the production workshop are introduced into scientific circulation. The monument, in combination with other objects, forms a single urban and technological center that exists on the territory of the Tengiz-Korgalzhin region and even the whole of Central Kazakhstan. The object and other structures investigated in 2021 at the Bytygai settlement have a set of characteristic features and signs of the Timurid architectural style and, according to preliminary data, date back to the XIV-XV centuries.
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НОВЫЕ ПАМЯТНИКИ ФЕДОРОВСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ из БУРАБАЯ, 2021
В статье представлены материалы исследования кургана № 13 могильника Кызылтобе, открытого в 2021 ... more В статье представлены материалы исследования кургана № 13 могильника Кызылтобе, открытого в 2021 г. Могильник расположен в одном микрорайоне с ключевыми памятниками федоровской культуры, исследованными А.М. Оразбаевым в окрестностях пос. Бурабай (Боровое) в 50-х годах ХХ века. Могильник состоит из 61 погребального сооружения, которые относятся к шести различным типам. В кургане № 13 зафиксирован погребальный обряд по типу кремации. Также обнаружен керамический сосуд. Его можно отнести к раннему этапу федоровской керамической традиции Северного Казахстана. Погребение предварительно датируется серединой II тыс. до н.э.
The article presents materials from the study of mound No. 13 of the Kyzyltobe burial ground, opened in 2021. The burial ground is located in the same micro district with the key monuments of the Fedorov culture, investigated by A.M. Orazbayev in the vicinity of Burabay (Borovoe) in the during of 1950 years. The burial ground consists of 61 burial structures, which are of six different types. A burial rite of the type of cremation was recorded in mound No. 13. A ceramic vessel was also discovered, which can be attributed to the early stage of the Fedorov ceramic tradition in Northern Kazakhstan.
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РАННЕСАКСКОЕ ПОГРЕБЕНИЕ КУРГАНА ШАГАЛАЛЫ V, 2021
В статье представлены результаты исследования раннесакского погребения из кургана Шагалалы V. Пам... more В статье представлены результаты исследования раннесакского погребения из кургана Шагалалы V. Памятник располагался на сопочной гряде к северу от горы Кошкарбай (Зерендинский район, Акмолинская область). Курган имел двусоставную каменно-земляную насыпь вытянутую по линии север – юг. По итогам археологических работ определено, что южная часть памятника относилась к погребению раннего железного века, а под северной кольцевидной пристройкой находилось захоронение раннего средневековья. Погребение в южной части подкурганного пространства совершено в подбое и по сопроводительному инвентарю датируется VII–VI вв. до н.э. Материалы исследования кургана Шагалалы V показывают, что подбойный тип погребальных конструкций появляется в Северном Казахстане в первой половине I тыс. до н.э., на начальном этапе существования улыбай-тасмолинской археологической культуры.
The article presents the results of a study of a single mound Shagalaly V. The monument is located on a hill ridge north of Mount Koshkarbay (Zerenda district, Akmola region). The mound had a two-part stone-earth embankment elongated along the north-south line. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the southern part belonged to the burial of the Early Iron Age, and under the northern ring-shaped annex there was an early Middle Ages burial. The burial in the southern part was done in the side funerary niche. According to archaeological finds, it dates back to the 7th-6th centuries BC. Materials from the study of the Shagalaly V mound show that the type of burials in the lateral burial niche appears in Northern Kazakhstan in the first half of the first millennium BC. At the first stage of the existence of the Ulybay-Tasmola archaeological culture.
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Nature, 2021
Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, mode... more Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled char...
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МАРГУЛАНОВСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ - 2020, 2020
В работе приводится анализ стратиграфии поселения эпохи бронзы Шагалалы II. Выделены три стратигр... more В работе приводится анализ стратиграфии поселения эпохи бронзы Шагалалы II. Выделены три стратиграфических горизонта, для каждого соответствуют определенные типы жилищ и керамики. Керамический комплекс подразделён на несколько типов, в том числе два типа выделены, как синкретичные. Стратиграфические горизонты поселения Шагалалы II и связанный с ними материал изучены в сравнении с аналогичными данными из памятников эпохи бронзы сопредельных территорий, что позволило определить относительную хронологию стратиграфических горизонтов поселения Шагалалы II.
The paper provides a complete description of the stratigraphy of the Bronze Age settlement of Shagalaly II. There are three stratigraphic horizons, each corresponding to certain types of dwellings and ceramics. The ceramic complex is divided into several types, including two types identified as syncretic. The stratigraphic horizons of the settlement of Shagalaly II and the related ceramic complexes underwent a comparative historical analysis in accordance with similar materials from other studied monuments of the Bronze Age of adjacent territories. This, in turn, made it possible to determine the relative chronology of stratigraphic horizons of the settlement of Shagalaly II.
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История и археология Турана №5, 2020
CULTURAL-ECONOMIC MODEL NORTHL-SOUTH IN THE MATERIALS OF THE SETTLEMENT SHAGALALY II
The article ... more CULTURAL-ECONOMIC MODEL NORTHL-SOUTH IN THE MATERIALS OF THE SETTLEMENT SHAGALALY II
The article addresses the questions of relations between northern steppe tribes and the ancient sedentary centers on the basis of the materials from the Bronze age settlement Shagaly II (Northern Kazakhstan). Wheel thrown pottery in the cultural strata of the settlement, as well as some elements of architecture of the early Alakul and Fedorovo periods testify to the formation of the system of trade and cultural communications that started functioning already at the end of the 3rd millennium BCE. Using specific archaeological materials the author comes to a conclusion that the processes taking place in the steppe part of Eurasia mirrored in the South, in Central Asia. During the late Bronze Age the intensity of economic and cultural contacts increases, while the leading role in the relations between North and South is played by the Sargarino-Alekseevo tribes.
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Papers by Sergazy Sakenov
К пристройкам относятся сооружения, ограды, курганы, возведенные в разные исторические периоды и также содержащие антропологический материал. Такие экстраординарные материалы зачастую остаются вне поле зрения исследователей, тем самым не теряют своей актуальности. Цель и задачи исследования. Введение в научный оборот и интерпретация пристроек, содержащих разновременные материалы, а также памятников с признаками
вторичного захоронения, исследованных на территории Северного Казахстана. Результаты. На территории Шагалалы-Кеноткельского археологического микрорайона выявлены погребения, совершенные в руинах жилищ бронзового века, на участке самого поселения
обнаружены вторичные захоронения. Исследованы погребальные конструкции, включающие захоронения разных исторических эпох, плотно пристроенные друг к другу. Выводы. Приведенные примеры погребальных сооружений отчетливо показывают многовековую
историю заселения территории Шагалалы-Кеноткельского археологического микрорайона. В данном регионе тысячелетиями проживали и осваивали его, сменяя друг друга, различные
племена и археологические культуры. Имеющиеся материалы доказывают, что у каждого народа есть историческая память.
Secondary burials are a well-known fact in archaeological science. This
phrase refers to any findings of human remains placed or buried in pre-existing burial structures. Extensions include structures, fences, mounds, erected in different historical periods and also containing anthropological material. Such extraordinary materials often remain out of sight of
researchers, thereby not losing their relevance. Purpose and objectives of the study. Introduction to scientific circulation and interpretation of extensions containing materials from different periods, as well as monuments with signs of secondary burial, studied in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. Results. On the territory of the Shagalaly-Kenotkel archaeological microdistrict, burials were discovered in the ruins of Bronze Age dwellings, and secondary burials were discovered on the site
of the settlement itself. Funerary structures have been studied, including burials of different historical eras, tightly built to each other. Conclusions. The given examples of burial structures clearly show the centuries-old history of settlement of the territory of the Shagalaly-Kenotkel archaeological microdistrict. Various tribes and archaeological cultures have lived and developed in this region for thousands of years, replacing each other. Available materials prove that every nation has a historical
memory
до н.э.; 2) VI–III вв. до н.э.; 3) II в. до н.э.–V в. н.э.
he article presents the results of field research in South-East Kazakhstan in 2022–2023. The authors introduce into scientific circulation information about early Iron Age rock paintings recorded in the Kairakkol and
Karakungey mountains in the Aksu region of the Zhetysu region. Data are provided on six clusters of petroglyphs with drawings from this chronological period. The drawings are found on open vertical and horizontal planes of large and small rocky outcrops, on the tops of the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes of the mountains. The rock carvings were made using two main techniques: the piquetage technique and surface carving. Petroglyphs of the Early Iron Age are part of large accumulations of petroglyphs of different periods. The list of images includes deer, wolves, wild boars, mountain goats and argali, anthropomorphic characters. A number of petroglyphs find direct or indirect analogies in the art of the early Saka nomads of Central Asia,
the Saka tribes of Zhetysu and the nomads of the Hun-Sarmatian period. Based on stylistic analogies in the composition of the Early Iron Age petroglyphs of the studied region and on the basis of the analysis carried
out, three stable chronologica
The paper presents the results of fi eld archaeological research on the territory of the Bytygai settlement,
where burials of the period of the Ulus of Jochi were identifi ed. Two burials were revealed by indirect evidence on the surface of the ground, two more burials were found by the method of full uncover of the soil. The absolute age was obtained by radiocarbon dating. The authors used fi eld materials obtained during archaeological studies on the territory of the monument in the 2021–2023 fi eld seasons. The basis for the interpretation was grave structures, descriptions of burial chambers, anthropological material, as well as burial rites. For the fi rst time, materials from the Bytygai settlement and are introduced into scientifi c discourse. In addition to the traditional methods used in archaeological studies, such as stratigraphy, analogy, interdisciplinary study has been
carried out. The results are preliminary, since a comprehensive study of such a complicated archaeological site has not been carried out previously. Bytygai settlement and necropolis have specifi c features related to the steppe landscape. The structural and architectural objects that form the settlement diff er from other cities and settlements of the Golden Horde period in the Volga region, western and southern Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, known in sources as the “Kalmyk Wall.” Based on new research conducted at the site and in its surroundings, an interpretation of the monument as a ritual and cult one is given. Karkaraly korgantas includes various landscape elements: rocks, passages in rocks, flat areas on the tops of rocks, small outcrops, as well as man-made structures: stone walls and alleys. There are five main elements in the structure of the monument—two long stone walls running along the top of the ridge, a central part with a stele, a natural platform in the southern part of the complex, and a rectangular structure to the west of the central part. The study of similar types of cult objects in adjacent territories made it possible to attribute this monument to the Late Bronze Age. According
to researchers, the monument is associated with the cult activities of ancient communities of Karkaraly and the observation of the sunrise on the day of the spring equinox.
время возведения этой погребальной конструкции второй половиной VIIIIX в. Важным источником по гендерной информации эпохи средневековья являются погребальный обряд и состав погребального инвентаря.
Female burial of the Turkic period from the barrow of Shagalaly V
At present, the source database expansion on medieval archaeology of the Kazakh steppe is among the priorities in science. Certain success was achieved in the study of sites of such medieval states of the ancient Turkic Khaganates as Kimak, Oghuz, Ulug Ulus, and Kazakh Khaganate on the territory of Kazakhstan. At the same time, the lack of a comprehensive study of this era led to its occasional research. The purpose of the article is to introduce early Middle Ages burial materials from the northern region of Kazakhstan into scientific circulation. Turkic mound is located in the Kenotkel-Shagalaly archaeological microdistrict. The central burial belongs to the era of the early Iron Age, later the fence was added in the early Middle Ages. Such peculiarities of the funeral rite as the eastern orientation, and the accompanying horse burial indicate that burial belongs to the Turkic time. Burial research and items as an earing, a fragment of a mirror and a spindle whorl found in the burial site suggest that it was a grave of a woman. The dating object is an earring and the time of the construction of this funerary structure was determined. That is the second half of the VIII-IX century.
Keywords: Saryarka, Northern Kazakhstan, ancient Turks, the Middle Ages, gender, funeral rite,
economy, spindle whorl, weaving.
Pastoral economy of the Bronze Age population in Northern Kazakhstan
(based on materials of the Shagalaly II settlement)
In the article, for the first time, the results of archaeozoological analysis of osteological materials from the settlement of Shagalaly II are entered into scientific discourse. The purpose of the research is to determine and
to analyze the species composition of animals in the farms of the Bronze Age population of Northern Kazakhstan. During the study of the osteological collection the main objectives were to determine the species composition of the paleofauna, skeletal elements, age characteristics and external characteristics. As a result, a total of 2351 animal bones were examined, of which 1883 bones were identified to the species. Domestic animals dominate among osteological materials (77.8%), bones of wild animals (2.2%) and birds are also found. The share of sheep and goats among the identified bones of domestic animals is 46.9%. The second place is taken by the bones of cattle (42.9%), and in the third place are horses’ bones (8.1%). Camel and dog bones are also present in small quantity. The structure of the bone material and fragmentation indices show that sheep were slaughtered more between 2 and 4 years of age, and cattle were used for meat from 2.5 years of age. Most of the horses are slaughtered in adulthood and old age. Domestic animals were slaughtered and butchered on the territory of the settlement. The results of the study serve as a source of information about animal husbandry among the Bronze Age population of the region.
Introduction. The article is dedicated to the generalization and characterization of random finds of non-ferrous metals found on the territory of the Burabay district of the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The collection of artifacts published for the first time consists of three items. Morphologically, they are a double-edged knife-dagger, a sickle knife and a single-blade bladed knife. Goals. Putting into scientific circulation and archaeological interpretation of new artifacts. Mapping of finds and linking to archeological monuments located in the area of discovery. Results. The article argues that the knife-dagger and the knife-sickle belong to the antiquities of the Sargarin-Alexeev culture of the Late Bronze Age. The lamellar knife is attributed to the objects of the Fedorov archaeological culture. A cartographic analysis of the detection sites and exploration of this territory was carried out. Based on the
results of the work carried out, a new map of archaeological sites in the vicinity of Lake Tasshalkar and the village of Madeniet was compiled. As a result of the inspection of the place where the knife-dagger and the sickle-knife were found, a previously unknown settlement of the Bronze Age was revealed, which
can be correlated with the nearby burial ground of the Late Fedorov and Sargarin time Buyrek-Kol. As a result of the examination of the place where the plate knife was found, an ancient mine working and a multi-layered settlement were discovered, which are probably associated with the burial ground of the
Fedorov culture of Obaly located nearby. Conclusions. New finds confirmed the existing ideas that the archaeological sites of the Bronze Age Burabay mountain forest massif belong to two successively existing cultures - Fedorovskaya and Sargarinsko-Alekseevskaya. New finds and discoveries expand the understanding of the level of mining and metallurgy, the system of settlement of the ancient communities of the region and provide additional information for the reconstruction of the economic development of
the local population in the 2nd millennium BC.
Keywords: Bronze Age, archaeological excavation and exploration, Burabay, Fedorov culture, Sargarin-Alexeev culture, fences, megaliths
В 2020 году на берегу озера Улькенсор (территория Бурабайского района Акмолинской области) был обнаружен и затем исследован одиночный курган, в котором находилось погребение раннесакского времени. В данной статье приводятся анализ результатов практического исследования полученных материалов и их интерпретация. Погребение совершено в подбое, на дне находился полный скелет человека в вытянутом положении, на спине, головой ориентирован на запад с отклонением к югу. Сопроводительный инвентарь представлен наборным поясом, бронзовым кинжалом в чехле с бутеролью, точильным камнем, колчаном с бронзовыми наконечниками стрел, камчой,
роговым костыльком и железным ножом. Погребальный обряд и предметный комплекс позволяют отнести памятник к улубай-тасмолинской археологической культуре Северного Казахстана и датировать VII–VI вв. до н. э. Важнейшей археологической находкой для региона является наборный пояс, детали которого изготовлены из рога (предположительно, из рога оленя). Форма и тип отдельных элементов этого специфического украшения, его декор и конструктивные особенности отражали положение владельца на социальной лестнице, а также находят аналогии в тасмолинской культуре Центрального Казахстана и в круге раннесакских памятников от Урала до Саяно-Алтая.
Ключевые слова: археология, Казахстан, Кокчетавская возвышенность, Бурабай, кочевники, улубай-тасмолинская культура, звериный стиль, курган, погребение, раннесакское время, колчанный набор, наборный пояс.
In 2020 on the shore of Lake Ulkensor (in the Burabay district of the Akmola region) a single barrow was discovered and then studied, there was a burial of the early Saka time. This paper presents an analysis of the results of a practical study of the obtained materials and their interpretation. The burial was performed in undercut, at the bottom there was a full skeleton of a man in an extended position, on his back, with his head oriented to the west with a defl ection to the south. Accompanying goods are represented by a composite belt, a bronze dagger in a case with a chape, a grindstone, a quiver with bronze arrowheads, a whip, a antler clasp and an iron knife. The burial rite and set of items allow the authors to attribute the site to the Ulubai-Tasmola archaeological culture of Northern Kazakhstan and date it to the 7th–6th centuries BC. The most important archaeological fi nd for the region is a composite belt, its details are made of antler (presumably, of deer antler). The shape and type of individual elements of this specifi c decoration, its decor and design features refl ected the position of the owner on the social ladder and also fi nd analogies in the Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan and in the circle of early Saka sites from the Urals to the Altai-Sayan.
Keywords: archaeology, Kazakhstan, Kokshetau Hills, Burabay, nomads, Ulubai-Tasmola culture, animal style, barrow, burial, early Saka period, quiver set, composite belt
Abstract. Introduction. The article is dedicated to the analysis of one category of archaeological artifact – a bronze sickle-scythe. The sickle-scythe was found during archaeological exploration in the field season of 2022 in the Burabay district of the Akmola region. The article gives a complete description and discusses the functional purpose of the sickle-scythe. The tool is considered as an item used in the post-burial ritual performed on the territory of the burial ground, and is interpreted as one of the items intended for offering to deities. Goals and Objectives. What traditions were used when burying the bronze sickle-scythe from the Burabay region? What religious and social ideas of the inhabitants of these regions were embodied in the performance of such a ceremony? These and other questions are the focus of this research. Results. The cultural and historical affiliation of the monument is attributed to the Nura archaeological culture. This work also remarks the change of tradition in burial practice. Conclusions. The authors propose a hypothesis about the spread of the cremation process, in connection with which the number of metal objects in the set of grave goods decreases. They are replaced by offerings in the form of vessels with food and the use of metal objects in post-burial practice. Special sacrificial places on the territory of the burial ground, where ritual offerings were made, emphasize the originality of the Nura archaeological culture.
Введение. Статья посвящена анализу одной категории археологического артефакта ― бронзового серпа-косы. Серп-коса был найден в ходе проведения археологической разведки в полевом сезоне 2022 года на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области. В работе даны полное описание и функциональное предназначение серпа-косы. Серп-коса
рассматривается как предмет, используемый в постпогребальном ритуале, совершаемом на территории могильника, и интерпретируется как один из предметов, предназначенных для
подношения божествам. Цель и задачи исследования. Какие традиции использовались при захоронении бронзовой серповидной косы из Бурабайского района? Какие религиозные и социальные представления жителей этих регионов воплощались в совершении такого обряда? Эти и другие вопросы находятся в центре внимания настоящего исследования. Результаты. Культурно-историческая принадлежность памятника отнесена к нуринской археологической
культуре. В работе акцентируется внимание на изменении традиции в погребальной практике. Автором выдвинута гипотеза о распространении процесса кремации, в связи, чем в наборе
погребального инвентаря уменьшается количество металлических предметов. Они заменяются подношениями в виде сосудов с пищей и использованием металлических предметов в постпогребальной практике. Выводы. Специальные жертвенные места на территории
могильника, где совершались ритуальные подношения, подчеркивают своеобразие нуринской археологической культуры
Изучение ритуальной деятельности прошлого, извлечение исторической информации из накопленного материала и ее анализ являются одним из направлений научного поиска в археологической науке. В статье приводятся результаты исследования святилища эпохи позднего Средневековья археологическим отрядом филиала Института археологии имени А. Х. Маргулана в 2021 году. Святилище находится на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области, в лесном массиве, на берегу высохшего в настоящее время родника. Расположение в данном природном комплексе позволяет отнести его к сакральным объектам, связанным с почитанием и поклонением природе. В процессе обследования культового сооружения как археологического объекта были обнаружены любопытные артефакты – небольшое глиняное изделие конической формы и железная тренога.
В данной работе авторы представили процесс кодирования и фиксации специфических этнических черт как инокультурного явления в окружении автохтонного населения и под влиянием буддизма. В статье изложены итоги изучения сакральных мест, обычаев и традиций, связанных с почитанием духов как хранителей природы и местности, показана структурная связь между элементами объекта, выявленная в ходе изучения конкретных ритуалов и мировоззренческих понятий жителей, оставивших изучаемый священный уголок. Выполнен поиск аналогий, приведены сведения о степени изученности этого типа археологических памятников, осуществлена графическая реконструкция святилища. Памятник относится к эпохе позднего Средневековья и является частью культурного наследия прошлого.
The study of the ritual activities of the past, the analysis and extraction of historical information from the accumulated material are one of the areas of scientific research in archaeological science. The article presents the results of the study of the sanctuary of the late Middle Ages by the archaeological team of the branch of the Institute of Archeology named after A. Kh. Margulan in 2021. The sanctuary is located on the territory of the Burabay district of the Akmola region, in a forest, on the banks of a spring that has now dried up. Its location in this natural complex allows it to be attributed to sacred objects associated with the veneration and worship of nature. In the process of examining the religious building as an archaeological object, curious artifacts were discovered - a small clay product of a conical shape and an iron tripod. On the west side, at a distance of 0.15 m from the central cenotaph put, another log was found, which differs from the others in its location and diameter. The wooden statue placed in front of the pit can be interpreted as an architectural element of the overall cult building.
In this paper, the authors presented the process of coding and fixing specific ethnic features as a foreign cultural phenomenon surrounded by the autochthonous population and under the influence of Buddhism.
The article presents the results of the study of sacred places, customs and traditions associated with the veneration of spirits as guardians of nature and locality, shows the structural relationship between the elements of the object, revealed during the study of specific rituals and worldview concepts of the inhabitants who left the studied sacred corner. A search for analogies was made, information was given on the degree of study of this type of archaeological sites, and a graphic reconstruction of the sanctuary was carried out. The monument belongs to the late Middle Ages and is part of the cultural heritage of the country and people.
Architecture of stone structures of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of Burabay
The article deals with the materials of the study of ancient religious buildings of the Bronze Age at the Kyzyltobe burial ground. The architecture of buildings, the funeral rite and accompanying inventory are described, the technological methods used in the extraction of materials used in construction are considered. As a result of the work carried out, four fences were excavated at the burial ground: No. 9, 13, 29, 50. The burial, located in enclosure No. 9, was made in a dirt pit with a dromos designed in the form of a tambour, which obliquely enters the eastern wall of the grave pit under the stone ring of the tomb enclosure. The ashes of a cremated person were located on a flat wooden dish, located in a stone box in fence No. 13. Inside enclosure No. 29, two burials were found, made according to the rite of inhumation: an adult - in the main enclosure, a children's - in an extension. In enclosure number 50, a monumental stone box without a burial was fixed and examined, in the center of which a granite stone lay at the bottom. The box is covered with large slabs, in the center of which there is a round opening. A petroglyph of a deer was found on one of the side walls of the box.
Soil burial pits, stone cists, burials according to the rite of cremation and accompanying inventory in the form of ornamented ceramic vessels, located in fenced areas, studied at the Kyzyltobe burial ground, find analogies in the burial grounds of Borovoye, Buyrekkol and Obali. These monuments are located in the vicinity of Burabay and belong to the Fedorov archaeological culture. The new fixed elements of the burial structures are the dromos and the stone box with an opening in the ceiling. The image of a deer on the wall of the box is a remarkable fact in itself; the image of a deer is one of the motifs of animal style art. And perhaps this is an echo of totemism. According to radiocarbon analysis of bone material from fence No. 29, the Kyzyltobe burial site dates back to the 18th–17th centuries BC.
The article is devoted to the study of new archaeological data obtained as a result of the study of the Bytygai settlement. The monument is located in the vicinity of the village of Korgalzhin, Akmola region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The materials obtained in the study of the production workshop are introduced into scientific circulation. The monument, in combination with other objects, forms a single urban and technological center that exists on the territory of the Tengiz-Korgalzhin region and even the whole of Central Kazakhstan. The object and other structures investigated in 2021 at the Bytygai settlement have a set of characteristic features and signs of the Timurid architectural style and, according to preliminary data, date back to the XIV-XV centuries.
The article presents materials from the study of mound No. 13 of the Kyzyltobe burial ground, opened in 2021. The burial ground is located in the same micro district with the key monuments of the Fedorov culture, investigated by A.M. Orazbayev in the vicinity of Burabay (Borovoe) in the during of 1950 years. The burial ground consists of 61 burial structures, which are of six different types. A burial rite of the type of cremation was recorded in mound No. 13. A ceramic vessel was also discovered, which can be attributed to the early stage of the Fedorov ceramic tradition in Northern Kazakhstan.
The article presents the results of a study of a single mound Shagalaly V. The monument is located on a hill ridge north of Mount Koshkarbay (Zerenda district, Akmola region). The mound had a two-part stone-earth embankment elongated along the north-south line. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the southern part belonged to the burial of the Early Iron Age, and under the northern ring-shaped annex there was an early Middle Ages burial. The burial in the southern part was done in the side funerary niche. According to archaeological finds, it dates back to the 7th-6th centuries BC. Materials from the study of the Shagalaly V mound show that the type of burials in the lateral burial niche appears in Northern Kazakhstan in the first half of the first millennium BC. At the first stage of the existence of the Ulybay-Tasmola archaeological culture.
The paper provides a complete description of the stratigraphy of the Bronze Age settlement of Shagalaly II. There are three stratigraphic horizons, each corresponding to certain types of dwellings and ceramics. The ceramic complex is divided into several types, including two types identified as syncretic. The stratigraphic horizons of the settlement of Shagalaly II and the related ceramic complexes underwent a comparative historical analysis in accordance with similar materials from other studied monuments of the Bronze Age of adjacent territories. This, in turn, made it possible to determine the relative chronology of stratigraphic horizons of the settlement of Shagalaly II.
The article addresses the questions of relations between northern steppe tribes and the ancient sedentary centers on the basis of the materials from the Bronze age settlement Shagaly II (Northern Kazakhstan). Wheel thrown pottery in the cultural strata of the settlement, as well as some elements of architecture of the early Alakul and Fedorovo periods testify to the formation of the system of trade and cultural communications that started functioning already at the end of the 3rd millennium BCE. Using specific archaeological materials the author comes to a conclusion that the processes taking place in the steppe part of Eurasia mirrored in the South, in Central Asia. During the late Bronze Age the intensity of economic and cultural contacts increases, while the leading role in the relations between North and South is played by the Sargarino-Alekseevo tribes.
К пристройкам относятся сооружения, ограды, курганы, возведенные в разные исторические периоды и также содержащие антропологический материал. Такие экстраординарные материалы зачастую остаются вне поле зрения исследователей, тем самым не теряют своей актуальности. Цель и задачи исследования. Введение в научный оборот и интерпретация пристроек, содержащих разновременные материалы, а также памятников с признаками
вторичного захоронения, исследованных на территории Северного Казахстана. Результаты. На территории Шагалалы-Кеноткельского археологического микрорайона выявлены погребения, совершенные в руинах жилищ бронзового века, на участке самого поселения
обнаружены вторичные захоронения. Исследованы погребальные конструкции, включающие захоронения разных исторических эпох, плотно пристроенные друг к другу. Выводы. Приведенные примеры погребальных сооружений отчетливо показывают многовековую
историю заселения территории Шагалалы-Кеноткельского археологического микрорайона. В данном регионе тысячелетиями проживали и осваивали его, сменяя друг друга, различные
племена и археологические культуры. Имеющиеся материалы доказывают, что у каждого народа есть историческая память.
Secondary burials are a well-known fact in archaeological science. This
phrase refers to any findings of human remains placed or buried in pre-existing burial structures. Extensions include structures, fences, mounds, erected in different historical periods and also containing anthropological material. Such extraordinary materials often remain out of sight of
researchers, thereby not losing their relevance. Purpose and objectives of the study. Introduction to scientific circulation and interpretation of extensions containing materials from different periods, as well as monuments with signs of secondary burial, studied in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. Results. On the territory of the Shagalaly-Kenotkel archaeological microdistrict, burials were discovered in the ruins of Bronze Age dwellings, and secondary burials were discovered on the site
of the settlement itself. Funerary structures have been studied, including burials of different historical eras, tightly built to each other. Conclusions. The given examples of burial structures clearly show the centuries-old history of settlement of the territory of the Shagalaly-Kenotkel archaeological microdistrict. Various tribes and archaeological cultures have lived and developed in this region for thousands of years, replacing each other. Available materials prove that every nation has a historical
memory
до н.э.; 2) VI–III вв. до н.э.; 3) II в. до н.э.–V в. н.э.
he article presents the results of field research in South-East Kazakhstan in 2022–2023. The authors introduce into scientific circulation information about early Iron Age rock paintings recorded in the Kairakkol and
Karakungey mountains in the Aksu region of the Zhetysu region. Data are provided on six clusters of petroglyphs with drawings from this chronological period. The drawings are found on open vertical and horizontal planes of large and small rocky outcrops, on the tops of the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes of the mountains. The rock carvings were made using two main techniques: the piquetage technique and surface carving. Petroglyphs of the Early Iron Age are part of large accumulations of petroglyphs of different periods. The list of images includes deer, wolves, wild boars, mountain goats and argali, anthropomorphic characters. A number of petroglyphs find direct or indirect analogies in the art of the early Saka nomads of Central Asia,
the Saka tribes of Zhetysu and the nomads of the Hun-Sarmatian period. Based on stylistic analogies in the composition of the Early Iron Age petroglyphs of the studied region and on the basis of the analysis carried
out, three stable chronologica
The paper presents the results of fi eld archaeological research on the territory of the Bytygai settlement,
where burials of the period of the Ulus of Jochi were identifi ed. Two burials were revealed by indirect evidence on the surface of the ground, two more burials were found by the method of full uncover of the soil. The absolute age was obtained by radiocarbon dating. The authors used fi eld materials obtained during archaeological studies on the territory of the monument in the 2021–2023 fi eld seasons. The basis for the interpretation was grave structures, descriptions of burial chambers, anthropological material, as well as burial rites. For the fi rst time, materials from the Bytygai settlement and are introduced into scientifi c discourse. In addition to the traditional methods used in archaeological studies, such as stratigraphy, analogy, interdisciplinary study has been
carried out. The results are preliminary, since a comprehensive study of such a complicated archaeological site has not been carried out previously. Bytygai settlement and necropolis have specifi c features related to the steppe landscape. The structural and architectural objects that form the settlement diff er from other cities and settlements of the Golden Horde period in the Volga region, western and southern Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, known in sources as the “Kalmyk Wall.” Based on new research conducted at the site and in its surroundings, an interpretation of the monument as a ritual and cult one is given. Karkaraly korgantas includes various landscape elements: rocks, passages in rocks, flat areas on the tops of rocks, small outcrops, as well as man-made structures: stone walls and alleys. There are five main elements in the structure of the monument—two long stone walls running along the top of the ridge, a central part with a stele, a natural platform in the southern part of the complex, and a rectangular structure to the west of the central part. The study of similar types of cult objects in adjacent territories made it possible to attribute this monument to the Late Bronze Age. According
to researchers, the monument is associated with the cult activities of ancient communities of Karkaraly and the observation of the sunrise on the day of the spring equinox.
время возведения этой погребальной конструкции второй половиной VIIIIX в. Важным источником по гендерной информации эпохи средневековья являются погребальный обряд и состав погребального инвентаря.
Female burial of the Turkic period from the barrow of Shagalaly V
At present, the source database expansion on medieval archaeology of the Kazakh steppe is among the priorities in science. Certain success was achieved in the study of sites of such medieval states of the ancient Turkic Khaganates as Kimak, Oghuz, Ulug Ulus, and Kazakh Khaganate on the territory of Kazakhstan. At the same time, the lack of a comprehensive study of this era led to its occasional research. The purpose of the article is to introduce early Middle Ages burial materials from the northern region of Kazakhstan into scientific circulation. Turkic mound is located in the Kenotkel-Shagalaly archaeological microdistrict. The central burial belongs to the era of the early Iron Age, later the fence was added in the early Middle Ages. Such peculiarities of the funeral rite as the eastern orientation, and the accompanying horse burial indicate that burial belongs to the Turkic time. Burial research and items as an earing, a fragment of a mirror and a spindle whorl found in the burial site suggest that it was a grave of a woman. The dating object is an earring and the time of the construction of this funerary structure was determined. That is the second half of the VIII-IX century.
Keywords: Saryarka, Northern Kazakhstan, ancient Turks, the Middle Ages, gender, funeral rite,
economy, spindle whorl, weaving.
Pastoral economy of the Bronze Age population in Northern Kazakhstan
(based on materials of the Shagalaly II settlement)
In the article, for the first time, the results of archaeozoological analysis of osteological materials from the settlement of Shagalaly II are entered into scientific discourse. The purpose of the research is to determine and
to analyze the species composition of animals in the farms of the Bronze Age population of Northern Kazakhstan. During the study of the osteological collection the main objectives were to determine the species composition of the paleofauna, skeletal elements, age characteristics and external characteristics. As a result, a total of 2351 animal bones were examined, of which 1883 bones were identified to the species. Domestic animals dominate among osteological materials (77.8%), bones of wild animals (2.2%) and birds are also found. The share of sheep and goats among the identified bones of domestic animals is 46.9%. The second place is taken by the bones of cattle (42.9%), and in the third place are horses’ bones (8.1%). Camel and dog bones are also present in small quantity. The structure of the bone material and fragmentation indices show that sheep were slaughtered more between 2 and 4 years of age, and cattle were used for meat from 2.5 years of age. Most of the horses are slaughtered in adulthood and old age. Domestic animals were slaughtered and butchered on the territory of the settlement. The results of the study serve as a source of information about animal husbandry among the Bronze Age population of the region.
Introduction. The article is dedicated to the generalization and characterization of random finds of non-ferrous metals found on the territory of the Burabay district of the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The collection of artifacts published for the first time consists of three items. Morphologically, they are a double-edged knife-dagger, a sickle knife and a single-blade bladed knife. Goals. Putting into scientific circulation and archaeological interpretation of new artifacts. Mapping of finds and linking to archeological monuments located in the area of discovery. Results. The article argues that the knife-dagger and the knife-sickle belong to the antiquities of the Sargarin-Alexeev culture of the Late Bronze Age. The lamellar knife is attributed to the objects of the Fedorov archaeological culture. A cartographic analysis of the detection sites and exploration of this territory was carried out. Based on the
results of the work carried out, a new map of archaeological sites in the vicinity of Lake Tasshalkar and the village of Madeniet was compiled. As a result of the inspection of the place where the knife-dagger and the sickle-knife were found, a previously unknown settlement of the Bronze Age was revealed, which
can be correlated with the nearby burial ground of the Late Fedorov and Sargarin time Buyrek-Kol. As a result of the examination of the place where the plate knife was found, an ancient mine working and a multi-layered settlement were discovered, which are probably associated with the burial ground of the
Fedorov culture of Obaly located nearby. Conclusions. New finds confirmed the existing ideas that the archaeological sites of the Bronze Age Burabay mountain forest massif belong to two successively existing cultures - Fedorovskaya and Sargarinsko-Alekseevskaya. New finds and discoveries expand the understanding of the level of mining and metallurgy, the system of settlement of the ancient communities of the region and provide additional information for the reconstruction of the economic development of
the local population in the 2nd millennium BC.
Keywords: Bronze Age, archaeological excavation and exploration, Burabay, Fedorov culture, Sargarin-Alexeev culture, fences, megaliths
В 2020 году на берегу озера Улькенсор (территория Бурабайского района Акмолинской области) был обнаружен и затем исследован одиночный курган, в котором находилось погребение раннесакского времени. В данной статье приводятся анализ результатов практического исследования полученных материалов и их интерпретация. Погребение совершено в подбое, на дне находился полный скелет человека в вытянутом положении, на спине, головой ориентирован на запад с отклонением к югу. Сопроводительный инвентарь представлен наборным поясом, бронзовым кинжалом в чехле с бутеролью, точильным камнем, колчаном с бронзовыми наконечниками стрел, камчой,
роговым костыльком и железным ножом. Погребальный обряд и предметный комплекс позволяют отнести памятник к улубай-тасмолинской археологической культуре Северного Казахстана и датировать VII–VI вв. до н. э. Важнейшей археологической находкой для региона является наборный пояс, детали которого изготовлены из рога (предположительно, из рога оленя). Форма и тип отдельных элементов этого специфического украшения, его декор и конструктивные особенности отражали положение владельца на социальной лестнице, а также находят аналогии в тасмолинской культуре Центрального Казахстана и в круге раннесакских памятников от Урала до Саяно-Алтая.
Ключевые слова: археология, Казахстан, Кокчетавская возвышенность, Бурабай, кочевники, улубай-тасмолинская культура, звериный стиль, курган, погребение, раннесакское время, колчанный набор, наборный пояс.
In 2020 on the shore of Lake Ulkensor (in the Burabay district of the Akmola region) a single barrow was discovered and then studied, there was a burial of the early Saka time. This paper presents an analysis of the results of a practical study of the obtained materials and their interpretation. The burial was performed in undercut, at the bottom there was a full skeleton of a man in an extended position, on his back, with his head oriented to the west with a defl ection to the south. Accompanying goods are represented by a composite belt, a bronze dagger in a case with a chape, a grindstone, a quiver with bronze arrowheads, a whip, a antler clasp and an iron knife. The burial rite and set of items allow the authors to attribute the site to the Ulubai-Tasmola archaeological culture of Northern Kazakhstan and date it to the 7th–6th centuries BC. The most important archaeological fi nd for the region is a composite belt, its details are made of antler (presumably, of deer antler). The shape and type of individual elements of this specifi c decoration, its decor and design features refl ected the position of the owner on the social ladder and also fi nd analogies in the Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan and in the circle of early Saka sites from the Urals to the Altai-Sayan.
Keywords: archaeology, Kazakhstan, Kokshetau Hills, Burabay, nomads, Ulubai-Tasmola culture, animal style, barrow, burial, early Saka period, quiver set, composite belt
Abstract. Introduction. The article is dedicated to the analysis of one category of archaeological artifact – a bronze sickle-scythe. The sickle-scythe was found during archaeological exploration in the field season of 2022 in the Burabay district of the Akmola region. The article gives a complete description and discusses the functional purpose of the sickle-scythe. The tool is considered as an item used in the post-burial ritual performed on the territory of the burial ground, and is interpreted as one of the items intended for offering to deities. Goals and Objectives. What traditions were used when burying the bronze sickle-scythe from the Burabay region? What religious and social ideas of the inhabitants of these regions were embodied in the performance of such a ceremony? These and other questions are the focus of this research. Results. The cultural and historical affiliation of the monument is attributed to the Nura archaeological culture. This work also remarks the change of tradition in burial practice. Conclusions. The authors propose a hypothesis about the spread of the cremation process, in connection with which the number of metal objects in the set of grave goods decreases. They are replaced by offerings in the form of vessels with food and the use of metal objects in post-burial practice. Special sacrificial places on the territory of the burial ground, where ritual offerings were made, emphasize the originality of the Nura archaeological culture.
Введение. Статья посвящена анализу одной категории археологического артефакта ― бронзового серпа-косы. Серп-коса был найден в ходе проведения археологической разведки в полевом сезоне 2022 года на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области. В работе даны полное описание и функциональное предназначение серпа-косы. Серп-коса
рассматривается как предмет, используемый в постпогребальном ритуале, совершаемом на территории могильника, и интерпретируется как один из предметов, предназначенных для
подношения божествам. Цель и задачи исследования. Какие традиции использовались при захоронении бронзовой серповидной косы из Бурабайского района? Какие религиозные и социальные представления жителей этих регионов воплощались в совершении такого обряда? Эти и другие вопросы находятся в центре внимания настоящего исследования. Результаты. Культурно-историческая принадлежность памятника отнесена к нуринской археологической
культуре. В работе акцентируется внимание на изменении традиции в погребальной практике. Автором выдвинута гипотеза о распространении процесса кремации, в связи, чем в наборе
погребального инвентаря уменьшается количество металлических предметов. Они заменяются подношениями в виде сосудов с пищей и использованием металлических предметов в постпогребальной практике. Выводы. Специальные жертвенные места на территории
могильника, где совершались ритуальные подношения, подчеркивают своеобразие нуринской археологической культуры
Изучение ритуальной деятельности прошлого, извлечение исторической информации из накопленного материала и ее анализ являются одним из направлений научного поиска в археологической науке. В статье приводятся результаты исследования святилища эпохи позднего Средневековья археологическим отрядом филиала Института археологии имени А. Х. Маргулана в 2021 году. Святилище находится на территории Бурабайского района Акмолинской области, в лесном массиве, на берегу высохшего в настоящее время родника. Расположение в данном природном комплексе позволяет отнести его к сакральным объектам, связанным с почитанием и поклонением природе. В процессе обследования культового сооружения как археологического объекта были обнаружены любопытные артефакты – небольшое глиняное изделие конической формы и железная тренога.
В данной работе авторы представили процесс кодирования и фиксации специфических этнических черт как инокультурного явления в окружении автохтонного населения и под влиянием буддизма. В статье изложены итоги изучения сакральных мест, обычаев и традиций, связанных с почитанием духов как хранителей природы и местности, показана структурная связь между элементами объекта, выявленная в ходе изучения конкретных ритуалов и мировоззренческих понятий жителей, оставивших изучаемый священный уголок. Выполнен поиск аналогий, приведены сведения о степени изученности этого типа археологических памятников, осуществлена графическая реконструкция святилища. Памятник относится к эпохе позднего Средневековья и является частью культурного наследия прошлого.
The study of the ritual activities of the past, the analysis and extraction of historical information from the accumulated material are one of the areas of scientific research in archaeological science. The article presents the results of the study of the sanctuary of the late Middle Ages by the archaeological team of the branch of the Institute of Archeology named after A. Kh. Margulan in 2021. The sanctuary is located on the territory of the Burabay district of the Akmola region, in a forest, on the banks of a spring that has now dried up. Its location in this natural complex allows it to be attributed to sacred objects associated with the veneration and worship of nature. In the process of examining the religious building as an archaeological object, curious artifacts were discovered - a small clay product of a conical shape and an iron tripod. On the west side, at a distance of 0.15 m from the central cenotaph put, another log was found, which differs from the others in its location and diameter. The wooden statue placed in front of the pit can be interpreted as an architectural element of the overall cult building.
In this paper, the authors presented the process of coding and fixing specific ethnic features as a foreign cultural phenomenon surrounded by the autochthonous population and under the influence of Buddhism.
The article presents the results of the study of sacred places, customs and traditions associated with the veneration of spirits as guardians of nature and locality, shows the structural relationship between the elements of the object, revealed during the study of specific rituals and worldview concepts of the inhabitants who left the studied sacred corner. A search for analogies was made, information was given on the degree of study of this type of archaeological sites, and a graphic reconstruction of the sanctuary was carried out. The monument belongs to the late Middle Ages and is part of the cultural heritage of the country and people.
Architecture of stone structures of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of Burabay
The article deals with the materials of the study of ancient religious buildings of the Bronze Age at the Kyzyltobe burial ground. The architecture of buildings, the funeral rite and accompanying inventory are described, the technological methods used in the extraction of materials used in construction are considered. As a result of the work carried out, four fences were excavated at the burial ground: No. 9, 13, 29, 50. The burial, located in enclosure No. 9, was made in a dirt pit with a dromos designed in the form of a tambour, which obliquely enters the eastern wall of the grave pit under the stone ring of the tomb enclosure. The ashes of a cremated person were located on a flat wooden dish, located in a stone box in fence No. 13. Inside enclosure No. 29, two burials were found, made according to the rite of inhumation: an adult - in the main enclosure, a children's - in an extension. In enclosure number 50, a monumental stone box without a burial was fixed and examined, in the center of which a granite stone lay at the bottom. The box is covered with large slabs, in the center of which there is a round opening. A petroglyph of a deer was found on one of the side walls of the box.
Soil burial pits, stone cists, burials according to the rite of cremation and accompanying inventory in the form of ornamented ceramic vessels, located in fenced areas, studied at the Kyzyltobe burial ground, find analogies in the burial grounds of Borovoye, Buyrekkol and Obali. These monuments are located in the vicinity of Burabay and belong to the Fedorov archaeological culture. The new fixed elements of the burial structures are the dromos and the stone box with an opening in the ceiling. The image of a deer on the wall of the box is a remarkable fact in itself; the image of a deer is one of the motifs of animal style art. And perhaps this is an echo of totemism. According to radiocarbon analysis of bone material from fence No. 29, the Kyzyltobe burial site dates back to the 18th–17th centuries BC.
The article is devoted to the study of new archaeological data obtained as a result of the study of the Bytygai settlement. The monument is located in the vicinity of the village of Korgalzhin, Akmola region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The materials obtained in the study of the production workshop are introduced into scientific circulation. The monument, in combination with other objects, forms a single urban and technological center that exists on the territory of the Tengiz-Korgalzhin region and even the whole of Central Kazakhstan. The object and other structures investigated in 2021 at the Bytygai settlement have a set of characteristic features and signs of the Timurid architectural style and, according to preliminary data, date back to the XIV-XV centuries.
The article presents materials from the study of mound No. 13 of the Kyzyltobe burial ground, opened in 2021. The burial ground is located in the same micro district with the key monuments of the Fedorov culture, investigated by A.M. Orazbayev in the vicinity of Burabay (Borovoe) in the during of 1950 years. The burial ground consists of 61 burial structures, which are of six different types. A burial rite of the type of cremation was recorded in mound No. 13. A ceramic vessel was also discovered, which can be attributed to the early stage of the Fedorov ceramic tradition in Northern Kazakhstan.
The article presents the results of a study of a single mound Shagalaly V. The monument is located on a hill ridge north of Mount Koshkarbay (Zerenda district, Akmola region). The mound had a two-part stone-earth embankment elongated along the north-south line. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the southern part belonged to the burial of the Early Iron Age, and under the northern ring-shaped annex there was an early Middle Ages burial. The burial in the southern part was done in the side funerary niche. According to archaeological finds, it dates back to the 7th-6th centuries BC. Materials from the study of the Shagalaly V mound show that the type of burials in the lateral burial niche appears in Northern Kazakhstan in the first half of the first millennium BC. At the first stage of the existence of the Ulybay-Tasmola archaeological culture.
The paper provides a complete description of the stratigraphy of the Bronze Age settlement of Shagalaly II. There are three stratigraphic horizons, each corresponding to certain types of dwellings and ceramics. The ceramic complex is divided into several types, including two types identified as syncretic. The stratigraphic horizons of the settlement of Shagalaly II and the related ceramic complexes underwent a comparative historical analysis in accordance with similar materials from other studied monuments of the Bronze Age of adjacent territories. This, in turn, made it possible to determine the relative chronology of stratigraphic horizons of the settlement of Shagalaly II.
The article addresses the questions of relations between northern steppe tribes and the ancient sedentary centers on the basis of the materials from the Bronze age settlement Shagaly II (Northern Kazakhstan). Wheel thrown pottery in the cultural strata of the settlement, as well as some elements of architecture of the early Alakul and Fedorovo periods testify to the formation of the system of trade and cultural communications that started functioning already at the end of the 3rd millennium BCE. Using specific archaeological materials the author comes to a conclusion that the processes taking place in the steppe part of Eurasia mirrored in the South, in Central Asia. During the late Bronze Age the intensity of economic and cultural contacts increases, while the leading role in the relations between North and South is played by the Sargarino-Alekseevo tribes.
и чрезвычайно интересных памятников раннего железного века казахских степей, открытие которых
золотыми буквами вписано в анналы мировой истории, представлены материалы специалистов из научно-
исследовательских центров 11 государств: Казахстана, России, Украины, Китая, Германии, Италии, США,
Кыргызстана, Румынии, Венгрии, Великобритании.
Жинаққа отандық және шетелдік ғалымдардың қола дәуірінен бастап қазіргі уақытқа дейінгі қоныстану ескерткіштерде жүргізілген зерттеулеріне арналған ғылыми мақалалары енді. Соңғы онжылдықтарда қоныстану археологиясы барлық дәуірлердің ескерткіштерінде белсенді зерттеліп келеді, сонымен қатар ежелгі тұрғындардың күнделікті өмірі мен шаруашылығын қалпына келтіруде айтарлықтай жетістіктерге жетті. Ұсынылған мақалаларда стационарлық құрылымдардың эволюциясы мен типологиясы, құрылыс ісінің деңгейін анықтауға және әлеуметтік-экономикалық даму дәрежесін бағалауға болады.