Saima Shokat

Diabetes mellitus can be defined as a metabolic disorder which leads to high level of glucose in blood and lead to the diabetic patients to develop various severe and fatal health problems.. If the concentration of glucose in blood will high then it affects various body organs including eyes, nerves, foot, kidneys and heart and ultimately leads to serious complications. In this, the pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin. As a result, body becomes unable to consume nutrients appropriately.Diabetes mellitus was primarily described by Egyptians. The word “Diabetes” which means “to pass through” was 1st time used by a Greek physician Araetus of Cappodocia.According to Araetus, diabetes is associated with polyuria. While the word “Mellitus” is a Latin word which means “Sweet or Honey”. Major signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus includes Frequent urination, Excessive thirst, Excessive hunger, Sudden loss in weight, Vision problems, Slow healing of wounds, injuries and Sweating...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental factors affecting individuals with diabetes. A study was conducted among diabetes patients at the Lahore General Hospital's outdoor clinic. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire after getting approval of patients being interviewed. SPSS 25.0 was utilized for analysis. Total 1000 people were chosen, 500 of whom were diabetic patients and the rest were non-diabetic. Environmental factors were investigated in a 1000-person research of diabetics and non-diabetics. To determine the relationship between patients with diabetes and environmental factors, the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the effects of age, BMI, and sugar level fasting. The findings reveal that environmental factors play crucial effects on patients in term of age, BMI, and sugar level. I also used the odds ratio on diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have the Stroke, TIA, hypertension, and other environmental facto...

Millions of people die each year due to diabetes, it occurs in all groups of ages but there is no proper cure of this disease. There are so many causes of diabetes like poor life style, genetic factor, environmental pollutants and heavy metals etc. Heavy metals exposure is widespread and type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic extent. Genetic variations can be considered as internal contributing factors in susceptibility of individuals to heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic and related other toxicities. Polymorphism in different genes, which are directly/indirectly involving in the metabolism of arsenic, cadmium and other biological pollutants, may lead to accumulation of these pollutants in the body. It may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. This study is designed to determine the effect of heavy metals as arsenic exposure as diabetogenic agents on the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s genetic and proteomic analysis against heavy...

Environmental contamination and degradation have grown in importance as a non-traditional hazard to human diversity and security over the years, and it can now be considered an increasing threat to the environment and public health in Pakistan. A variety of toxins are constantly entering various environmental media (soil, water, and air) in Pakistan, posing a health risk. By studying the numerous causes of environmental degradation in Pakistan and exploring its impact on the various dimensions of human diversity, this review paper seeks to demonstrate a link between environmental contaminants and their impacts on human diversity in Pakistan. The data from secondary sources was analysed using qualitative methodology to evaluate the hypothesis that environmental deterioration is a new and unprecedented threat to Pakistan's human diversity and security. It reveals that sustainable development strategies can assist in addressing environmental degradation, which will have a good impa...