OBJECTIVE To assess parent anxiety in response to genetic and islet autoantibody (IA) testing in children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)... more
OBJECTIVE To assess parent anxiety in response to genetic and islet autoantibody (IA) testing in children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Parent anxiety about TEDDY children’s risk was assessed with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Parents completed the SAI when the child was 3, 6, and 15 months old and annually thereafter. Children were tested for IA every 3 months for 4 years and every 6 months thereafter. Parent SAI scores of 6,799 children followed with IA testing for at least 1 and up to 6 years were examined. RESULTS At study inception, parents showed high levels of anxiety in response to their child’s increased genetic type 1 diabetes risk; mothers were more anxious than fathers, and parents with diabetes in the family were more anxious than parents with no family history. In response to repeated IA-negative (IA−) test results, parent anxie...
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Background. To characterize participant reasons for withdrawing from a diabetes focused longitudinal clinical observational trial (TEDDY) during the first three study years.Methods. 8677 children were recruited into the TEDDY study. At... more
Background. To characterize participant reasons for withdrawing from a diabetes focused longitudinal clinical observational trial (TEDDY) during the first three study years.Methods. 8677 children were recruited into the TEDDY study. At participant withdrawal staff recorded any reason parents provided for withdrawal. Reasons were categorized into (1) family characteristics and (2) protocol reasons. Families who informed staff of their withdrawal were classified as active withdrawals (AW); families without a final contact were considered passive withdrawals (PW).Results. Withdrawal was highest during the first study year(n=1220). Most families were AW (n=1549; 73.4%). PW was more common in the United States (n=1001; 37.8%) and among young mothers(p=0.001). The most frequent protocol characteristic was blood draw (55%) and the most common family reason was not having enough time (66%). The blood draw was more common among female participants; being too busy was more common among males....
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OBJECTIVE : To identify predictors of later study withdrawal among participants active in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) for 1 year. METHODS : Multiple logistic regression was used to discriminate 3,042... more
OBJECTIVE : To identify predictors of later study withdrawal among participants active in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) for 1 year. METHODS : Multiple logistic regression was used to discriminate 3,042 children active in TEDDY for the first 3 years from 432 children who withdrew in Years 2 or 3. Predictor variables were tested in blocks-demographic, maternal lifestyle behaviors, stress and child illness, maternal reactions to child's increased diabetes risk, in-study behaviors-and a final best model developed. RESULTS : Few demographic factors predicted study withdrawal. Maternal lifestyle behaviors, accuracy of the mother's risk perception, and in-study behaviors were more important. Frequent child illnesses were associated with greater study retention. CONCLUSIONS : Demographic measures are insufficient predictors of later study withdrawal among those active in a study for at least 1 year; behavioral/psychological factors offer improved...
Research Interests: Psychology, Pediatric Psychology, Life Style, Medicine, Logistic Regression, and 14 moreHumans, Female, Male, Infant, Mothers, Risk factors, Longitudinal Studies, Longitudinal Study, Oxford university, Risk Factors, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Epidemiologic Studies, Multicenter Studies as Topic, and Child preschool
Research Interests: Research Design, Clinical Epidemiology, Risk assessment, Medicine, Humans, and 14 moreChild, Mathematical Sciences, Infant, Cumulative Risk, Risk factors, Newborn Infant, Time Factors, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Environment, Cohort Studies, Medical and Health Sciences, and Genetic predisposition to disease
OBJECTIVE Mothers of children at risk for type 1 diabetes report engaging in preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study is to further document these actions in an international, longitudinal sample and examine variables that predict... more
OBJECTIVE Mothers of children at risk for type 1 diabetes report engaging in preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study is to further document these actions in an international, longitudinal sample and examine variables that predict whether mothers engage in these behaviors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study examined an international sample (from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.) from the naturalistic, longitudinal The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which tracked children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes from birth to age 15 years. Mothers of 7,613 infants aged 6 months and 6,503 infants aged 15 months completed questionnaires assessing psychosocial factors and actions intended to prevent diabetes. RESULTS Many mothers (29.9% at 6 months and 42.8% at 15 months) reported engaging in a behavior intended to prevent type 1 diabetes, with the largest percentages (20.9–29.2%) reporting making changes to their child’s diet (e.g., r...
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Research Interests: Demography, Medicine, Logistic Regression, Humans, Minority Groups, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Infant, Ethnic Minority, Cohort, Newborn Infant, Ethnic Group, Odds, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Elsevier, Logistic Models, Cohort Studies, Patient selection, Medical and Health Sciences, and Neonatal screening
Saliva offers a relatively noninvasive method for measuring analytes such as cortisol, holding particular promise for use in pediatric populations on a large scale if a rigorous collection protocol is feasible in diverse settings. The... more
Saliva offers a relatively noninvasive method for measuring analytes such as cortisol, holding particular promise for use in pediatric populations on a large scale if a rigorous collection protocol is feasible in diverse settings. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study protocol, conducted in centers in the United States, Sweden, Finland, and Germany, used salivary collection to assess cortisol level as a physiologic marker of stress. Saliva was collected using Sorbettes from subjects at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years of age. Parents collected a morning sample, and staff collected pre- and post-blood draw samples. Feasibility was assessed based on protocol completion, adherence with instructions, factors affecting adherence, and sufficiency of saliva sample for cortisol determination. Collection of saliva samples in a diverse pediatric population is feasible. Establishing non-invasive and acceptable methods for collecting physiological parameters of stress will allow ...
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Depression, Employment, Medicine, Internal Control, and 15 moreMetabolic control analysis, Humans, Internal Medicine, Blood Glucose, Diabetes mellitus, Locus of Control, Female, Male, Clinical Sciences, Knowledge base, Aged, Adult, Educational Status, Metabolic control, and Control Method
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Additional file 2: Appendix 2. Variables (units) used in regression analysis. Table showing coding of variables (units) used in regression analyses.
INTRODUCTION Different cultures and societal structures influence the ethical experiences of physiotherapists. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to discover and describe contextual shades of ethical situations experienced by physiotherapists in... more
INTRODUCTION Different cultures and societal structures influence the ethical experiences of physiotherapists. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to discover and describe contextual shades of ethical situations experienced by physiotherapists in their global practice. METHODS This paper reports the qualitative analysis of responses to an optional open question in an internationally distributed online survey (ESPI study) with 1,212 participants from 94 countries. All responses were coded to five categories describing the data's relationship to the survey list of ethical situations. Data that described new ethical situations were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Three hundred and fifty four individual responses to the optional survey question reported 400 ethical issues. Three hundred and seventy-eight of these issues were associated with the original survey questions. Twenty-two responses raised four new themes of ethical issues: lack of regulatory and/or accreditation policy and infrastructure, lack of recognition of the role and position of physiotherapists in healthcare, economic factors driving the conduct of practice, and political threats. DISCUSSION Local contexts and pressures of workplaces and societies in which physiotherapists practice make it almost impossible for some practitioners to comply with codes of ethics. Physiotherapists need support and preparation to respond to local affordances and the complexity, ambiguity, and sometimes messiness of ethical situations encountered in their practice. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the relevance of cross-cultural research in the field of physiotherapy, and the necessity of investigating and bridging the gap between professional ethics theory and practice in diverse settings.
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Background There is a lack of knowledge about the ways physiotherapists around the world learn about professional code of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks. The profession has a gap in the understanding about physiotherapists’... more
Background There is a lack of knowledge about the ways physiotherapists around the world learn about professional code of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks. The profession has a gap in the understanding about physiotherapists’ views on factors that play a role in ethical decision-making and whether these views differ between World Physiotherapy regions. Methods An online survey study in English was conducted from October 2018 to October 2019. Participants included 559 physiotherapists located in 72 countries. The self-designed survey questionnaire contained 13 items asking about demographic information and means of learning about ethical codes and decision-making frameworks. A further 30 items were presented which included statements underpinned with individual, organisational, situational and societal factors influencing ethical decision-making. Participants were asked to express their level of agreement or disagreement using a 5-point-Likert-scale. Results Participants...
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BackgroundLittle is known about the ethical situations which physiotherapists encounter internationally. This lack of knowledge impedes the ability of the profession to prepare and support physiotherapists in all world regions in their... more
BackgroundLittle is known about the ethical situations which physiotherapists encounter internationally. This lack of knowledge impedes the ability of the profession to prepare and support physiotherapists in all world regions in their ethical practice. The purpose of the study was to answer the following research questions: What types of ethical issues are experienced by physiotherapists internationally? How frequently are ethical issues experienced by physiotherapists internationally? Can the frequency and type of ethical issue experienced by physiotherapists be predicted by sociodemographic, educational or vocational variables?MethodsAn observational study was conducted in English using an online survey from October 2018 to May 2019. Participants were 1212 physiotherapists and physiotherapy students located internationally which represented less than 1% of estimated number of physiotherapists worldwide at that time. The survey questionnaire contained 13 items requesting demograph...
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Introduction: This study was conducted in order to identify differences in motor abilities and coping in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. The study also discusses the relationship between coping and motor... more
Introduction: This study was conducted in order to identify differences in motor abilities and coping in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. The study also discusses the relationship between coping and motor abilities. Method: A cross-sectional design with two independent groups was chosen to identify the differences. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children — second edition (Henderson et al 2007) was used to assess motor skills. Coping was evaluated with the Coping Inventory observation form (Adaptive Behaviour Index) (Zeitlin 1985). Results: Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed significant differences between the motor abilities and coping efforts of children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Calculations using Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between coping and motor competences. In the overall model, boys and children with lower coping...
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Hintergrund Das "Kohärenzgefühl" (SOC) nach Antonovsky wird als Ressource angesehen, Anforderungen des Lebens zu meistern. Zumeist wird angenommen, dass es in Kindheit und Jugend festgelegt und im Erwachsenenalter wenig... more
Hintergrund Das "Kohärenzgefühl" (SOC) nach Antonovsky wird als Ressource angesehen, Anforderungen des Lebens zu meistern. Zumeist wird angenommen, dass es in Kindheit und Jugend festgelegt und im Erwachsenenalter wenig modifizierbar ist, allerdings weisen Studien darauf hin, dass es durch Psychotherapie gestärkt werden kann. Ziel Ziel der Untersuchung ist, den Zusammenhang zwischen einer Trance-induzierten Methode und dem Koheränzgefühl zu erforschen und auf spirituelle Ressourcen Bezug zu nehmen. Methode Es wurden 10 Ritualsitzungen mit standardisiertem Ablauf durchgeführt. Vor der ersten Sitzung und nach der letzten Sitzung wurde eine quantitative Erhebung mit dem Fragebogen zum SOC durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurde nach der Teilnahme folgende offene Frage gestellt: "Hat sich durch die Arbeit mit den rituellen Körperhaltungen etwas in Deinem Leben / an Deiner Einstellung verändert? Wenn ja, was?" Ergebnis Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine signifikante Zunahme im Gesamtw...
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ABSTRACT