Physiological and psychological stressors have been associated with the attrition of telomeres, w... more Physiological and psychological stressors have been associated with the attrition of telomeres, which are the protective caps of chromosomes. This study compares the telomere length (TL) in 4-year-old Brahman cows grouped by the first parity (n = 8) and the second parity (n = 11). The cows were bled via jugular venipuncture, weighed, and had their body condition scores recorded at Day −28 prior to calving and at Day + 7 and Day + 28 post-calving. The duration of labor (Dlabor) and parturition ease were recorded. The peripheral leukocytes were isolated, the leukocyte blood count with differential was recorded, and the genomic DNA was extracted. The relative quantity of telomere products, which is proportional to the average TL, was determined via multiplex quantitative PCR using the ratio (T/S ratio) of bovine telomere and β-globulin DNA. Standards of the bovine telomere (1012–107 dilution series) and β-globulin (109–104 dilution series) genes were utilized to produce relative copy n...
Selecting high-immune-responding cattle benefits the individual animal and the herd. To assess fa... more Selecting high-immune-responding cattle benefits the individual animal and the herd. To assess factors that have a role in determining the immune status of cattle, this study used 55 weaned bull and 57 weaned heifer Brahman calves. Antibody-mediated immune response (AMIR) was determined by using a vaccine-specific IgG, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in response to cattle receiving the Salmonella Newport Extract vaccine. Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) was determined by using a subcutaneous (neck) sensitization dose of Candida albicans (CA) with Quil-A adjuvant on Day 0. On Day 14, caudal skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured using Harpenden calipers prior to the intradermal injection of CA into the skinfold, and on Day 15, the injection site SFT was measured again. The response was determined by using the difference in SFT from Day 15 (post-injection) and Day 14 (pre-injection). In weaned Brahman calves, AMIR was not influenced by sex; however, there was sexual dimor...
The 3′ untranslated region has an important role in gene regulation through microRNAs, and it has... more The 3′ untranslated region has an important role in gene regulation through microRNAs, and it has been estimated that microRNAs regulate up to 50% of coding genes in mammals. With the aim of allelic variant identification of 3′ untranslated region microRNA seed sites, the 3′ untranslated region was searched for seed sites of four temperament-associated genes (CACNG4, EXOC4, NRXN3, and SLC9A4). The microRNA seed sites were predicted in the four genes, and the CACNG4 gene had the greatest number with 12 predictions. To search for variants affecting the predicted microRNA seed sites, the four 3′ untranslated regions were re-sequenced in a Brahman cattle population. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the CACNG4, and eleven in the SLC9A4. Rs522648682:T>G of the CACNG4 gene was located at the predicted seed site for bta-miR-191. Rs522648682:T>G evidenced an association with both exit velocity (p = 0.0054) and temperament score (p = 0.0097). The genotype TT had...
The objective of this study was to identify in Angus and Brangus breed animals with extreme tempe... more The objective of this study was to identify in Angus and Brangus breed animals with extreme temperament, measured as exit velocity, genomic regions and candidate genes associated with bovine temperament. The population was genotyped with the Genomic Profiler HD 150K chip and after the genome-wide association analysis, the SNPs rs133956611 (P=2.65 E-06) and rs81144933 (P=9.58 E-06) were associated with temperament. The mapping analysis of the regions close to the SNP rs81144933 identified the SNCA (alpha-synuclein) and MMRN1 (multimerin-1) genes at 222.8 and 435.9 Kb downstream respectively, while for the rs133956611 loci the gene GPRIN3 (GPRIN family-member-3) was identified at 245.7 Kb upstream, all three genes are located on the BTA6 chromosome. The analysis of SNCA protein-protein interactions allowed the identification of the genes APP (β-amyloid precursor protein), PARK7 (parkinsonism-associated-deglycase), UCHL1 (ubiquitin-C-terminal-hydrolase-L1), PARK2 (parkin-RBR- E3-ubiqui...
Growth of young cattle on forages and pastures has a major effect on the profitability of the sto... more Growth of young cattle on forages and pastures has a major effect on the profitability of the stocker cattle industry. The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability of performance traits and additive genetic correlations of pairs of traits in Brahman and Brahman-influenced (0.25 or 0.5 Brahman) stocker cattle on rye (Secale cereale) + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) (RRG; n = 2,031) or bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] (BER; n = 1,322). Data from 1986 to 2014 at Overton, Texas, for BW, ADG, and BCS were analyzed for each stocking season. Main effects included stocking rate (3 levels), proportion of Brahman inheritance (3 levels on RRG: 0.25, 0.5, 1; 2 levels on BER: 0.25 and 1), supplementation status, and contemporary groups. Stockers receiving supplement were heavier (P
An investigation was conducted into the effects of two phenolic amines, N -methyl-~-phenethylamin... more An investigation was conducted into the effects of two phenolic amines, N -methyl-~-phenethylamine (NMP) and tyramine (1') on corpus luteum function and reproductive performance of Angora goats. Both compounds are widely distributed through the plant kingdom and, because of their sympathomimetic action, may interfere with normal reproductive processes. In Experiment I, 20 nannies (x = 26.7 ± 0.96 kg) received either 0, I, 2, or 4 mg NMP in 2 ml com oil/kg BW daily, for 45 days. In Experiment 2, 75 nannies (x = 32.1 ± 0.46 kg) received either 3, or 6 mg/kg BW NMP in 2 ml com oil; I, or 3 mg/kg BW T in physiological saline, or 2 ml corn oil (control) daily, for 45 days. In both studies treatments were administered by Lv. injection. Mating was by natural service, beginning after the start of treatment. Jugular blood samples were collected weekly, processed to yield serum, and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In Experiment I, no dose ...
Physiological and psychological stressors have been associated with the attrition of telomeres, w... more Physiological and psychological stressors have been associated with the attrition of telomeres, which are the protective caps of chromosomes. This study compares the telomere length (TL) in 4-year-old Brahman cows grouped by the first parity (n = 8) and the second parity (n = 11). The cows were bled via jugular venipuncture, weighed, and had their body condition scores recorded at Day −28 prior to calving and at Day + 7 and Day + 28 post-calving. The duration of labor (Dlabor) and parturition ease were recorded. The peripheral leukocytes were isolated, the leukocyte blood count with differential was recorded, and the genomic DNA was extracted. The relative quantity of telomere products, which is proportional to the average TL, was determined via multiplex quantitative PCR using the ratio (T/S ratio) of bovine telomere and β-globulin DNA. Standards of the bovine telomere (1012–107 dilution series) and β-globulin (109–104 dilution series) genes were utilized to produce relative copy n...
Selecting high-immune-responding cattle benefits the individual animal and the herd. To assess fa... more Selecting high-immune-responding cattle benefits the individual animal and the herd. To assess factors that have a role in determining the immune status of cattle, this study used 55 weaned bull and 57 weaned heifer Brahman calves. Antibody-mediated immune response (AMIR) was determined by using a vaccine-specific IgG, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in response to cattle receiving the Salmonella Newport Extract vaccine. Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) was determined by using a subcutaneous (neck) sensitization dose of Candida albicans (CA) with Quil-A adjuvant on Day 0. On Day 14, caudal skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured using Harpenden calipers prior to the intradermal injection of CA into the skinfold, and on Day 15, the injection site SFT was measured again. The response was determined by using the difference in SFT from Day 15 (post-injection) and Day 14 (pre-injection). In weaned Brahman calves, AMIR was not influenced by sex; however, there was sexual dimor...
The 3′ untranslated region has an important role in gene regulation through microRNAs, and it has... more The 3′ untranslated region has an important role in gene regulation through microRNAs, and it has been estimated that microRNAs regulate up to 50% of coding genes in mammals. With the aim of allelic variant identification of 3′ untranslated region microRNA seed sites, the 3′ untranslated region was searched for seed sites of four temperament-associated genes (CACNG4, EXOC4, NRXN3, and SLC9A4). The microRNA seed sites were predicted in the four genes, and the CACNG4 gene had the greatest number with 12 predictions. To search for variants affecting the predicted microRNA seed sites, the four 3′ untranslated regions were re-sequenced in a Brahman cattle population. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the CACNG4, and eleven in the SLC9A4. Rs522648682:T>G of the CACNG4 gene was located at the predicted seed site for bta-miR-191. Rs522648682:T>G evidenced an association with both exit velocity (p = 0.0054) and temperament score (p = 0.0097). The genotype TT had...
The objective of this study was to identify in Angus and Brangus breed animals with extreme tempe... more The objective of this study was to identify in Angus and Brangus breed animals with extreme temperament, measured as exit velocity, genomic regions and candidate genes associated with bovine temperament. The population was genotyped with the Genomic Profiler HD 150K chip and after the genome-wide association analysis, the SNPs rs133956611 (P=2.65 E-06) and rs81144933 (P=9.58 E-06) were associated with temperament. The mapping analysis of the regions close to the SNP rs81144933 identified the SNCA (alpha-synuclein) and MMRN1 (multimerin-1) genes at 222.8 and 435.9 Kb downstream respectively, while for the rs133956611 loci the gene GPRIN3 (GPRIN family-member-3) was identified at 245.7 Kb upstream, all three genes are located on the BTA6 chromosome. The analysis of SNCA protein-protein interactions allowed the identification of the genes APP (β-amyloid precursor protein), PARK7 (parkinsonism-associated-deglycase), UCHL1 (ubiquitin-C-terminal-hydrolase-L1), PARK2 (parkin-RBR- E3-ubiqui...
Growth of young cattle on forages and pastures has a major effect on the profitability of the sto... more Growth of young cattle on forages and pastures has a major effect on the profitability of the stocker cattle industry. The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability of performance traits and additive genetic correlations of pairs of traits in Brahman and Brahman-influenced (0.25 or 0.5 Brahman) stocker cattle on rye (Secale cereale) + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) (RRG; n = 2,031) or bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] (BER; n = 1,322). Data from 1986 to 2014 at Overton, Texas, for BW, ADG, and BCS were analyzed for each stocking season. Main effects included stocking rate (3 levels), proportion of Brahman inheritance (3 levels on RRG: 0.25, 0.5, 1; 2 levels on BER: 0.25 and 1), supplementation status, and contemporary groups. Stockers receiving supplement were heavier (P
An investigation was conducted into the effects of two phenolic amines, N -methyl-~-phenethylamin... more An investigation was conducted into the effects of two phenolic amines, N -methyl-~-phenethylamine (NMP) and tyramine (1') on corpus luteum function and reproductive performance of Angora goats. Both compounds are widely distributed through the plant kingdom and, because of their sympathomimetic action, may interfere with normal reproductive processes. In Experiment I, 20 nannies (x = 26.7 ± 0.96 kg) received either 0, I, 2, or 4 mg NMP in 2 ml com oil/kg BW daily, for 45 days. In Experiment 2, 75 nannies (x = 32.1 ± 0.46 kg) received either 3, or 6 mg/kg BW NMP in 2 ml com oil; I, or 3 mg/kg BW T in physiological saline, or 2 ml corn oil (control) daily, for 45 days. In both studies treatments were administered by Lv. injection. Mating was by natural service, beginning after the start of treatment. Jugular blood samples were collected weekly, processed to yield serum, and serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In Experiment I, no dose ...
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