Research Interests:
Air pollution is one of the most alarming problems facing humanity (Cesar´s Gobernorate, 2012). This situation generates greater social costs after water pollution and natural disasters, estimated at 1.5 billion of pesos per year (Larsen,... more
Air pollution is one of the most alarming problems facing humanity (Cesar´s Gobernorate, 2012). This situation generates greater social costs after water pollution and natural disasters, estimated at 1.5 billion of pesos per year (Larsen, 2004). According to the Ministry of Environment (2010), in the light of evaluations and analyzes regarding air quality, while it is true that Colombia has made significant progress in strengthening institutions, research centers and groups, there shortcomings of information, knowledge, technological infrastructure and sufficient staff with high level of training in the subject, which prevent more effectively contribute to both the planning and environmental management with all materials and information, to make them safer and rational (Ministry of Environment, 2007). This research center aims to complement all efforts and fill gaps now have.
This research evaluated the concentration, elemental composition and sources of origin of particle PM10 and TSP. Fifteen chemical elements (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na and V) were determined using atomic... more
This research evaluated the concentration, elemental composition and sources of origin of particle PM10 and TSP. Fifteen chemical elements (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na and V) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Levels of PM10 (19.4 and 51 μg/m3) and TSP (27.6 and 53.7 μg/m3) did not exceed international standards. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that the soil tracer elements are associated with TSP particles while elements of anthropogenic origin are associated with PM10 particles. Zn, Cu and Co, showed strong enrichment in PM10 and TSP in the two stations, concluding that are elements of anthropogenic origin. For the group of soil trace elements: Na, As, Pb and Ni, showed a moderate enrichment. The results showed that elements such as Mg, Mn, V and K originated from the natural process of soil.
Research Interests:
In the coal mining zone in the department of Cesar (Colombia), the programs MM5, CALMET and CALPUFF were used to simulate the PM10 contribution of the mining projects PLJ, Norcarbón and Hatillo. The objective was to compare results of... more
In the coal mining zone in the department of Cesar (Colombia), the programs MM5, CALMET and CALPUFF were used to simulate the PM10 contribution of the mining projects PLJ, Norcarbón and Hatillo. The objective was to compare results of CALPUFF dispersion model with the registers of monitoring of the zone and to evaluate this dispersion model in two different topographic sites. El Hatillo mining area is located a few kilometres from the village of La Loma, where topographically flat area; the other areas (projects PLJ and Norcarbón) are located in the low mountain zone of the Perijá, near to the La Jagua of Ibirico village. For the introduction of the variable emission in the CALPUFF model, it was considered data as provided in the study of the Monterrey Institute of Technology (Huertas et al., 2012). Although the CALPUFF model is mostly recommended for long distances scenarios, there are exceptions for short distances scenarios, where the model is reliable to measure the behaviour of...
Essay of lratability were carríed out In arder to detennlne fue degradability of!he emuent from a shrimp processing induslry using two batch anaerobic reactors of 500 ml with hydraulic retention time (HRTl of24 hours . The condit.ions... more
Essay of lratability were carríed out In arder to detennlne fue degradability of!he emuent from a shrimp processing induslry using two batch anaerobic reactors of 500 ml with hydraulic retention time (HRTl of24 hours . The condit.ions ofoperations and parameters of design were ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP) and particles with size below 10 and 2.5 micrometers (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban area of the city of Riohacha in Colombia were determined. The instruments used were a high-volume... more
The concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP) and particles with size below 10 and 2.5 micrometers (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban area of the city of Riohacha in Colombia were determined. The instruments used were a high-volume sampler for TSP and PM10 and a low-volume sampler (Partisol) for PM2.5, all in six monitoring stations. The results showed that the average PM10 concentrations ranged from 43.69 to
19.47 μg/m3, the PST ranged from 86.02 to 27.38 μg/m3 and the average for PM2.5 was 14.57 μg/m3.
Relations PM10/PST ranged from 0.50 to 0.68. The six stations showed good correlation PST/PM10 (R=0.795). The PST can imply the presence of PM10 particles in the urban area of this city but PM10 concentrations not necessarily indicate the presence of PM2.5 particles (R=0.035). The results for the correlation PM10/PST are similar to studies conducted in other urban areas of Colombia and of other countries.
19.47 μg/m3, the PST ranged from 86.02 to 27.38 μg/m3 and the average for PM2.5 was 14.57 μg/m3.
Relations PM10/PST ranged from 0.50 to 0.68. The six stations showed good correlation PST/PM10 (R=0.795). The PST can imply the presence of PM10 particles in the urban area of this city but PM10 concentrations not necessarily indicate the presence of PM2.5 particles (R=0.035). The results for the correlation PM10/PST are similar to studies conducted in other urban areas of Colombia and of other countries.
Research Interests:
This research evaluated the concentration, elemental composition and sources of origin of particle PM10 and TSP. Fifteen chemical elements (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na and V) were determined using atomic... more
This research evaluated the concentration, elemental composition and sources of origin of particle PM10 and
TSP. Fifteen chemical elements (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na and V) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Levels of PM10 (19.4 and 51 μg/m3) and TSP (27.6 and 53.7 μg/m3) did not exceed international standards. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that the soil tracer elements are associated with TSP particles while elements of anthropogenic origin are associated with PM10
particles. Zn, Cu and Co, showed strong enrichment in PM10 and TSP in the two stations, concluding that are elements of anthropogenic origin. For the group of soil trace elements: Na, As, Pb and Ni, showed a moderate enrichment. The results showed that elements such as Mg, Mn, V and K originated from the natural process of soil.
TSP. Fifteen chemical elements (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na and V) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Levels of PM10 (19.4 and 51 μg/m3) and TSP (27.6 and 53.7 μg/m3) did not exceed international standards. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that the soil tracer elements are associated with TSP particles while elements of anthropogenic origin are associated with PM10
particles. Zn, Cu and Co, showed strong enrichment in PM10 and TSP in the two stations, concluding that are elements of anthropogenic origin. For the group of soil trace elements: Na, As, Pb and Ni, showed a moderate enrichment. The results showed that elements such as Mg, Mn, V and K originated from the natural process of soil.
Research Interests:
En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia de un sistema de distribución de flujo sobre la eficiencia en un reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente (RAFA) de 518 L alimentado con agua residual municipal. El flujo fue distribuido usando 3... more
En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia de un sistema de distribución de flujo sobre la eficiencia en un reactor anaerobio de flujo ascendente (RAFA) de 518 L alimentado con agua residual municipal. El flujo fue distribuido usando 3 entradas a tiempos de retención hidráulico teórico (to) de 24, 20, 16, 12 10, 8, 5, 4 y 3 h y luego fue modificado con
entradas impares (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 y 15) con to de 5 horas. La
eficiencia de remoción de DQO permaneció casi constante
cuando el sistema operó con 3 entradas (cercano al 30%), e
incrementó con el número de ellas hasta un máximo de 62.5%
y 62.2% para la DQOt y DQOs respectivamente. Los SST y
SSV se incrementaron de 39.2% y 35.9% hasta 50.3 % y
49.7% respectivamente. Los parámetros de control como pH,
índice Búfer (IB), ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) permanecieron en los rangos favorables para la digestión
anaerobia.
entradas impares (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 y 15) con to de 5 horas. La
eficiencia de remoción de DQO permaneció casi constante
cuando el sistema operó con 3 entradas (cercano al 30%), e
incrementó con el número de ellas hasta un máximo de 62.5%
y 62.2% para la DQOt y DQOs respectivamente. Los SST y
SSV se incrementaron de 39.2% y 35.9% hasta 50.3 % y
49.7% respectivamente. Los parámetros de control como pH,
índice Búfer (IB), ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) permanecieron en los rangos favorables para la digestión
anaerobia.
Research Interests:
In this research as alternative energy strategies for adapting to climate change are implemented in the Etkojo>ole indigenous community in the municipality of Manaure La Guajira, Colombia. For this a socio-environmental diagnosis was... more
In this research as alternative energy strategies for adapting to climate change are implemented in the Etkojo>ole indigenous community in the municipality of Manaure La Guajira, Colombia. For this a socio-environmental diagnosis was made, identifying aspects: Community (basic sanitation and hygiene habits), agriculture 72
(subsistence food) and water (use and development of water supply structures, distribution and risk index Water Quality (IRCA)). As strategies, was designed a photovoltaic system for operating a hybrid model solar pumping - windmill for water supply; itself a demonstration plot to evaluate different irrigation techniques and to encourage subsistence food was built. The results reflected the social ownership
and empowerment of technology, benefiting 23 families (115 people) trained in different aspects of the study, the construction of storage facilities and distribution of water resources conditions improved accessibility, quality and control water, corroborated with the IRCA which established a state for human consumption. The measures allowed the social field management involving indigenous perception on the impact of climate change and adaptation to joint ownership of technology and
innovation.
(subsistence food) and water (use and development of water supply structures, distribution and risk index Water Quality (IRCA)). As strategies, was designed a photovoltaic system for operating a hybrid model solar pumping - windmill for water supply; itself a demonstration plot to evaluate different irrigation techniques and to encourage subsistence food was built. The results reflected the social ownership
and empowerment of technology, benefiting 23 families (115 people) trained in different aspects of the study, the construction of storage facilities and distribution of water resources conditions improved accessibility, quality and control water, corroborated with the IRCA which established a state for human consumption. The measures allowed the social field management involving indigenous perception on the impact of climate change and adaptation to joint ownership of technology and
innovation.