Nanotope™ sebagai sistem penghantaran vesikuler nanoenkapsulasi monolayer, terdiri dari membran y... more Nanotope™ sebagai sistem penghantaran vesikuler nanoenkapsulasi monolayer, terdiri dari membran yang dibentuk oleh fosfolipid (lesitin) dan kosurfaktan. Nanotope™ atau Ultra-small Unilamellar Carrier (USUC) memiliki ukuran globul rata-rata 0-40 nm. Diameter ukuran globul yang lebih kecil dari ukuran pori-pori kulit sangat memungkinkan bahan aktif untuk menembus stratum corneum untuk sampai ke target. Senyawa aktif bahan alam seperti katekin, alfa mangostin, quersetin, dan asam askorbat sangat berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif untuk diformulasikan dalam sediaan kosmetik. Namun, senyawa tersebut memiliki keterbatasan penetrasi kedalam dalam kulit. Oleh karena itu, sistem penghantaran Nanotope™ menjadi solusi terbaik untuk mengenkapsulasi bahan aktif tersebut tanpa menurunkan efektivitasnya. Serum, krim dan emulgel merupakan sediaan yang sangat memungkinkan untuk diformulasikan dengan sistem penghantaran Nanotope™. Review artikel ini menyajikan teknik preparasi Nanotope™ beserta eveluasi...
ABSTRAKRendang merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional Sumatra Barat dari olahan daging sapi. Ha... more ABSTRAKRendang merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional Sumatra Barat dari olahan daging sapi. Harga daging sapi yang mahal, mendorong pemalsuan menggunakan daging babi hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode analisis autentikasi rendang sapi menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR kombinasi kemometrik. Sampel yang digunakan adalah campuran daging sapi dan babi hutan yang dibuat dalam 11 konsentrasi (training data set) serta rendang rumah makan (testing data set). Komponen lemak rendang diekstraksi menggunakan metode Folch dan Bligh Dyer kemudian dianalisis dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Spektra FTIR yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai variabel pemodelan kemometrik. Untuk kuantifikasi, model PLS di bilangan gelombang 1250-950 cm-1 memberikan model terbaik pada metode Folch dengan nilai R2 kalibrasi 0,9946, R2 prediksi 0,9954, RMSEC 0,0328, RMSEP 0,0402 dan pada metode Bligh Dyer, model PCR di bilangan gelombang 1800-500 cm-1 memberikan model terbaik dengan nilai R2 kalibrasi 0,99...
This research aims to develop a cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid Reverse Phase High Per... more This research aims to develop a cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of α-mangostin in the rind extract and fraction of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as well as to determine their cytotoxicity activity against T47D breast cancer cell line and the effect of ethyl acetate pericarp fraction of mangosteen in cell death mechanism of T47D breast cancer cell. The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Shimadzu ®Shimppack VP – ODS ( 4.6 x 250 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of 0.1 % v/v H3PO4 in water:acetonitrile (15:85), flow rate of 1ml/min and a detection wavelength of 243,2 nm using a UV detector. The cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line T47D was determined as percentage of cell viability by using MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium Assay) colorimetric assay and IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) were calculated. Apoptosis and necrosis examination was conducted by double staining method using acridine orangepropidium iodide and observed by using fluoresence microscope after 24 hours of incubation. The developed method resulted in α-mangostin eluting at 8.87 min. α- Mangostin exhibited linearity in the range 0.5 – 30 μg/ml, and precise (intra-day variation ≤ 0.10 %, inter-day variation ≤ 2.28 %). The average percentage mean recovery was 94.41-102.01 %, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) was found to be 0.2807 and 0.9357 μg ml respectively. The concentration of α-mangostin in the 70 % ethanol extract, nhexane fraction, ethylacetate fraction and n-butanol fraction were 50.73; 11.12; 98.66; 2.29 % w/w, respectively. This extract and fractions had IC50 of 1.375; 5.879; 0.463; and 51.839 μg/ml against T47D cell line respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of mangosteen rind caused 43.57 % apotosis effects and 5.60 % necrosis effects. A cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of a-mangostin in the rind extract and fraction as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the quality control of crude extract and herbal formulation. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by ethyl acetate fraction of fruit rind of Garcinia mangostana L.,
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 2020
Zat warna rhodamin B adalah bahan pewarna yang dilarang penggunaannya dalam sediaan lipstik karen... more Zat warna rhodamin B adalah bahan pewarna yang dilarang penggunaannya dalam sediaan lipstik karena memiliki potensi karsinogenik dan merusak organ hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif zat rhodamin B dalam sediaan lipstik impor yang beredar di Pasar Kota Batam. Metode yang digunakan adalah kromatografi lapis tipis untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa rhodamin B dengan menghitung nilai Rf dari fluoresensi bercak di bawah sinar ultraviolet. Penentuan kadar rhodamin B dilakukan dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-visibel dengan mengukur absorban pada panjang gelombang maksimum 548,5 nm. Konsentrasi larutan baku standar rhodamin B adalah 0,8; 1,2; 1,6; 2,0; dan 2,4 µg/mL. Didapatkan persamaan kurva y=0,0128+0,276x dengan r=0,9999. Hasil analisis kualitatif dari 15 merek sampel lipstik didapatkan dua merek lipstik yang teridentifikasi positif rhodamin B yaitu lipstik I dengan Rf 0,78 dan lipstik L dengan nilai Rf 0,77. Penentuan kadar rhodamin B dari mas...
Whitening lotion is a mixture of chemicals or other ingredients with properties that can whiten t... more Whitening lotion is a mixture of chemicals or other ingredients with properties that can whiten the skin or blemish black (brown) on the skin. The use of mercury in whitening lotions can cause a variety of things, ranging from skin discoloration which can ultimately cause black spots on the skin, allergies and skin irritation. The using of mercury in high dose can cause permanent brain damageand cancer. An analysis of mercury content in the whitening lotion brands A, B and C circulating at market in Padang city has been conducted. Extraction of mercury in the whitening lotion was done by wet destruction with a concentrated HNO3 solution and concentrated H2SO4 for 2 hours at a temperature of ± 95°C until a clear solution is obtained. The clear solution was measured by absorption with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using a mercury hollow cathode lamp at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The results of this study were samples of brands A, B and C detected containing mercury metals with...
Beberapa formulasi herbal yang mengandung α-mangostin sebagai senyawa penanda pada kulit buah man... more Beberapa formulasi herbal yang mengandung α-mangostin sebagai senyawa penanda pada kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sekarang dipasarkan di Indonesia. Penentuan kadar senyawa penanda secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif penting untuk memastikan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) densitometri untuk menganalisis α-mangostin pada minuman herbal kulit buah manggis. Analisis dilakukan dengan TLC Scanner menggunakan Camag TLC Scanner 4 dengan software Wincats. Pelat silika gel 60 F254 (Merck) (ketebalan 20x20 cm: 200 μm) digunakan sebagai fase diam dan kloroform-etil asetat (9:1,v/v) sebagai fase gerak. Kromatogram yang dikembangkan dipindai pada 316 nm yaitu panjang gelombang serapan maksimum untuk α-mangostin. Pada kondisi ini, nilai Rf adalah 0,48. Analisis regresi data kalibrasi menunjukkan hubungan linier antara luas area di bawah puncak vs konsentrasi. Linearitas ditemukan berada pada kisaran 50-400 μg/mL. Keses...
Clonidine is an α2-central agonist class of drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases su... more Clonidine is an α2-central agonist class of drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart attacks and help prevent strokes. The quality and safety of a drug preparation can be proven by testing the drug's quality assurance. In drug quality assurance, it is necessary to determine drug levels. Therefore, it is essential to look at the determination of clonidine levels in raw materials, mixtures, and pharmaceutical preparations. It is collecting data in this review article through trusted sites such as Google Scholar with the search keywords "clonidine hydrochloride," "clonidine analysis in pharmaceutical preparations" with a span of the last ten years (2010-2020). This review article aims to provide an overview of the various analytical techniques used to determine clonidine both in single substance form and in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Several analytical methods, such as UV-Visible spectrophotometry, potentiometry, high-p...
Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3, 2021
It has been demonstrated that alpha cellulose can be generated from rice straw.Maceration of rice... more It has been demonstrated that alpha cellulose can be generated from rice straw.Maceration of rice straw with ethanol, delignification with 3.5 % sodium hydroxide, extraction of alpha cellulose with 17.5% sodium hydroxide, and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide % were used to make alpha cellulose. The physicochemical properties of alpha cellulose were evaluated and compared to previous research in this study. Cellulose, along with lignin, is an organic compound found in plant cell walls that helps to cement the structure of the plant. The physicochemical properties include morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, loss on drying, pH and organoleptic. The SEM picture shows the morphology of cellulose fibres; the sample was semi-crystalline with a crystallinity index of 78%; the functional groups present in the sample are the same as those found in alpha cellulose; loss on drying was 8% w/w; pH was 7; and the organoleptic properties were white powder, odourless, and tasteless. The alpha cellulose yield is 30.11%.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020
Objectives: Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders., Garcinia mangostana L., and Garcinia cowa ... more Objectives: Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders., Garcinia mangostana L., and Garcinia cowa Roxb. are plants of the genus Garcinia that has been widely used by the community as a food flavoring, spices, and also as a herbal medicinal ingredient. This research aimed to evaluate the total phenolics and antioxidant activity from three species of Garcinia (G. atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders., G. mangostana L., and G. cowa Roxb.) Methods: The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was estimated as Gallic Acid Equivalent by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay. Results: The TPC of G. mangostana L. rind extract is higher (31.83±3.70%), than G. cowa Roxb.(4.35±0.17%) and G. atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders. (2.47±0.42%). Based on the antioxidant activity, G. mangostana L. rind has a higher total antioxidant activity (24.68 μmol Fe(II)/g) than G. cowa Roxb. (18.88±0.12 μM Fe (II)/g and G. atroviridis Griff. ex T...
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2023
Introduction Endophytes, which are microorganisms living within plants' tissues, are known for th... more Introduction Endophytes, which are microorganisms living within plants' tissues, are known for their ability to produce a diverse array of bioactive metabolites. These metabolites have been shown to exhibit a wide range of biological activities and are classified into various categories, including steroids, lactones, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, quinones, lignans, and more. 1 The relationship between endophytes and their host plants is influenced by genetic factors and environmental conditions. 2,3 The endophyte-plant interaction is a complex interplay between the two organisms. The endophyte sometimes provides beneficial services to the host plant, such as enhancing nutrient uptake, promoting growth, and protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses. 2,3 Moreover, the degree of dependence of endophytes on their host plant varies depending on the endophyte type. Obligate endophytes, for example, rely completely on their host plant for their growth and survival. In contrast, facultative endophytes can shift between living within plant tissues and in the soil. 3 This biphasic lifestyle allows them to take advantage of both the resources available within the plant and those found in the soil. Compounds produced by endophytes have many advantages, such as having antibacterial activity. The active compound of plant endophytic microorganisms frequently has a more potent action than that produced by their host plants. As a result, the capacities of the active metabolites of plant endophytic microbes should be investigated. 4-5
ABSTRAK
Metode ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam suatu ekstrak tanaman.
Pada pene... more ABSTRAK Metode ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam suatu ekstrak tanaman. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji penentuan kadar fenolat total dari daun piladang (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd). yang diekstraksi dengan beberapa cara. Metode ekstraksi yang dilakukan antara lain cara tradisional (peremasan dan perebusan) dan ekstraksi laboratorium (sokletasi dan maserasi). Kadar fenolat total ekstrak daun piladang diperoleh dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible. Asam galat diukur pada panjang gelombang maksimum 758 nm. Kadar fenolat dinyatakan dalam mg setara asam galat / gr ekstrak. Perolehan kadar fenolat tertinggi oleh sokletasi daun kering 376,5979 mg/g, diikuti oleh maserasi daun kering 356,7619 mg/g, sokletasi daun segar 333,1509 mg/g, maserasi daun segar 293,3015 mg/g, rebusan daun segar 216,3534 mg/g, sari remasan 77,3158 mg/g, rebusan daun kering 69,3957 mg/g. Kata Kunci : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi ABSTRACT The extraction method can affect profile of chemical compound in plant extract. This research had been done to determine total phenolic compound from piladang leaves (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) with several extraction methods. There are two extraction methods that are traditional method (crushing and boiling) and laboratory method (soxhletation and maceration). Total phenolic compounds were determined by Folin Ciocalteu method with spectrophotometer UV-Vis at maximum wavelength 758 nm. Phenolic content was expressed in mg galic acid equivalent/g extract. The highest phenolic content was found 376,5979 mg/g in soxhletation of dried leaves, followed bymaceration of dried leaves 356,7619 mg/g, soxhletation of fresh leaves 333,1509 mg/g, macerated of dried leaves 293,3015 mg/g, boiled of fresh leaves 216,3534 mg/g crushing 77,3158 mg/g, boiled of dried leaves 69,3957 mg/g. Based on statistic analysis using SPSS 16 with on way ANOVA method, there are significantly different for phenolic content from each extraction method. Keywords : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi
Nanotope™ sebagai sistem penghantaran vesikuler nanoenkapsulasi monolayer, terdiri dari membran y... more Nanotope™ sebagai sistem penghantaran vesikuler nanoenkapsulasi monolayer, terdiri dari membran yang dibentuk oleh fosfolipid (lesitin) dan kosurfaktan. Nanotope™ atau Ultra-small Unilamellar Carrier (USUC) memiliki ukuran globul rata-rata 0-40 nm. Diameter ukuran globul yang lebih kecil dari ukuran pori-pori kulit sangat memungkinkan bahan aktif untuk menembus stratum corneum untuk sampai ke target. Senyawa aktif bahan alam seperti katekin, alfa mangostin, quersetin, dan asam askorbat sangat berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif untuk diformulasikan dalam sediaan kosmetik. Namun, senyawa tersebut memiliki keterbatasan penetrasi kedalam dalam kulit. Oleh karena itu, sistem penghantaran Nanotope™ menjadi solusi terbaik untuk mengenkapsulasi bahan aktif tersebut tanpa menurunkan efektivitasnya. Serum, krim dan emulgel merupakan sediaan yang sangat memungkinkan untuk diformulasikan dengan sistem penghantaran Nanotope™. Review artikel ini menyajikan teknik preparasi Nanotope™ beserta eveluasi...
ABSTRAKRendang merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional Sumatra Barat dari olahan daging sapi. Ha... more ABSTRAKRendang merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional Sumatra Barat dari olahan daging sapi. Harga daging sapi yang mahal, mendorong pemalsuan menggunakan daging babi hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode analisis autentikasi rendang sapi menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR kombinasi kemometrik. Sampel yang digunakan adalah campuran daging sapi dan babi hutan yang dibuat dalam 11 konsentrasi (training data set) serta rendang rumah makan (testing data set). Komponen lemak rendang diekstraksi menggunakan metode Folch dan Bligh Dyer kemudian dianalisis dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Spektra FTIR yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai variabel pemodelan kemometrik. Untuk kuantifikasi, model PLS di bilangan gelombang 1250-950 cm-1 memberikan model terbaik pada metode Folch dengan nilai R2 kalibrasi 0,9946, R2 prediksi 0,9954, RMSEC 0,0328, RMSEP 0,0402 dan pada metode Bligh Dyer, model PCR di bilangan gelombang 1800-500 cm-1 memberikan model terbaik dengan nilai R2 kalibrasi 0,99...
This research aims to develop a cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid Reverse Phase High Per... more This research aims to develop a cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of α-mangostin in the rind extract and fraction of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as well as to determine their cytotoxicity activity against T47D breast cancer cell line and the effect of ethyl acetate pericarp fraction of mangosteen in cell death mechanism of T47D breast cancer cell. The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Shimadzu ®Shimppack VP – ODS ( 4.6 x 250 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of 0.1 % v/v H3PO4 in water:acetonitrile (15:85), flow rate of 1ml/min and a detection wavelength of 243,2 nm using a UV detector. The cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line T47D was determined as percentage of cell viability by using MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium Assay) colorimetric assay and IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) were calculated. Apoptosis and necrosis examination was conducted by double staining method using acridine orangepropidium iodide and observed by using fluoresence microscope after 24 hours of incubation. The developed method resulted in α-mangostin eluting at 8.87 min. α- Mangostin exhibited linearity in the range 0.5 – 30 μg/ml, and precise (intra-day variation ≤ 0.10 %, inter-day variation ≤ 2.28 %). The average percentage mean recovery was 94.41-102.01 %, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) was found to be 0.2807 and 0.9357 μg ml respectively. The concentration of α-mangostin in the 70 % ethanol extract, nhexane fraction, ethylacetate fraction and n-butanol fraction were 50.73; 11.12; 98.66; 2.29 % w/w, respectively. This extract and fractions had IC50 of 1.375; 5.879; 0.463; and 51.839 μg/ml against T47D cell line respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of mangosteen rind caused 43.57 % apotosis effects and 5.60 % necrosis effects. A cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of a-mangostin in the rind extract and fraction as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the quality control of crude extract and herbal formulation. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by ethyl acetate fraction of fruit rind of Garcinia mangostana L.,
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 2020
Zat warna rhodamin B adalah bahan pewarna yang dilarang penggunaannya dalam sediaan lipstik karen... more Zat warna rhodamin B adalah bahan pewarna yang dilarang penggunaannya dalam sediaan lipstik karena memiliki potensi karsinogenik dan merusak organ hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif zat rhodamin B dalam sediaan lipstik impor yang beredar di Pasar Kota Batam. Metode yang digunakan adalah kromatografi lapis tipis untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa rhodamin B dengan menghitung nilai Rf dari fluoresensi bercak di bawah sinar ultraviolet. Penentuan kadar rhodamin B dilakukan dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-visibel dengan mengukur absorban pada panjang gelombang maksimum 548,5 nm. Konsentrasi larutan baku standar rhodamin B adalah 0,8; 1,2; 1,6; 2,0; dan 2,4 µg/mL. Didapatkan persamaan kurva y=0,0128+0,276x dengan r=0,9999. Hasil analisis kualitatif dari 15 merek sampel lipstik didapatkan dua merek lipstik yang teridentifikasi positif rhodamin B yaitu lipstik I dengan Rf 0,78 dan lipstik L dengan nilai Rf 0,77. Penentuan kadar rhodamin B dari mas...
Whitening lotion is a mixture of chemicals or other ingredients with properties that can whiten t... more Whitening lotion is a mixture of chemicals or other ingredients with properties that can whiten the skin or blemish black (brown) on the skin. The use of mercury in whitening lotions can cause a variety of things, ranging from skin discoloration which can ultimately cause black spots on the skin, allergies and skin irritation. The using of mercury in high dose can cause permanent brain damageand cancer. An analysis of mercury content in the whitening lotion brands A, B and C circulating at market in Padang city has been conducted. Extraction of mercury in the whitening lotion was done by wet destruction with a concentrated HNO3 solution and concentrated H2SO4 for 2 hours at a temperature of ± 95°C until a clear solution is obtained. The clear solution was measured by absorption with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using a mercury hollow cathode lamp at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The results of this study were samples of brands A, B and C detected containing mercury metals with...
Beberapa formulasi herbal yang mengandung α-mangostin sebagai senyawa penanda pada kulit buah man... more Beberapa formulasi herbal yang mengandung α-mangostin sebagai senyawa penanda pada kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sekarang dipasarkan di Indonesia. Penentuan kadar senyawa penanda secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif penting untuk memastikan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) densitometri untuk menganalisis α-mangostin pada minuman herbal kulit buah manggis. Analisis dilakukan dengan TLC Scanner menggunakan Camag TLC Scanner 4 dengan software Wincats. Pelat silika gel 60 F254 (Merck) (ketebalan 20x20 cm: 200 μm) digunakan sebagai fase diam dan kloroform-etil asetat (9:1,v/v) sebagai fase gerak. Kromatogram yang dikembangkan dipindai pada 316 nm yaitu panjang gelombang serapan maksimum untuk α-mangostin. Pada kondisi ini, nilai Rf adalah 0,48. Analisis regresi data kalibrasi menunjukkan hubungan linier antara luas area di bawah puncak vs konsentrasi. Linearitas ditemukan berada pada kisaran 50-400 μg/mL. Keses...
Clonidine is an α2-central agonist class of drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases su... more Clonidine is an α2-central agonist class of drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart attacks and help prevent strokes. The quality and safety of a drug preparation can be proven by testing the drug's quality assurance. In drug quality assurance, it is necessary to determine drug levels. Therefore, it is essential to look at the determination of clonidine levels in raw materials, mixtures, and pharmaceutical preparations. It is collecting data in this review article through trusted sites such as Google Scholar with the search keywords "clonidine hydrochloride," "clonidine analysis in pharmaceutical preparations" with a span of the last ten years (2010-2020). This review article aims to provide an overview of the various analytical techniques used to determine clonidine both in single substance form and in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Several analytical methods, such as UV-Visible spectrophotometry, potentiometry, high-p...
Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3, 2021
It has been demonstrated that alpha cellulose can be generated from rice straw.Maceration of rice... more It has been demonstrated that alpha cellulose can be generated from rice straw.Maceration of rice straw with ethanol, delignification with 3.5 % sodium hydroxide, extraction of alpha cellulose with 17.5% sodium hydroxide, and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide % were used to make alpha cellulose. The physicochemical properties of alpha cellulose were evaluated and compared to previous research in this study. Cellulose, along with lignin, is an organic compound found in plant cell walls that helps to cement the structure of the plant. The physicochemical properties include morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, loss on drying, pH and organoleptic. The SEM picture shows the morphology of cellulose fibres; the sample was semi-crystalline with a crystallinity index of 78%; the functional groups present in the sample are the same as those found in alpha cellulose; loss on drying was 8% w/w; pH was 7; and the organoleptic properties were white powder, odourless, and tasteless. The alpha cellulose yield is 30.11%.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2020
Objectives: Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders., Garcinia mangostana L., and Garcinia cowa ... more Objectives: Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders., Garcinia mangostana L., and Garcinia cowa Roxb. are plants of the genus Garcinia that has been widely used by the community as a food flavoring, spices, and also as a herbal medicinal ingredient. This research aimed to evaluate the total phenolics and antioxidant activity from three species of Garcinia (G. atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders., G. mangostana L., and G. cowa Roxb.) Methods: The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was estimated as Gallic Acid Equivalent by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay. Results: The TPC of G. mangostana L. rind extract is higher (31.83±3.70%), than G. cowa Roxb.(4.35±0.17%) and G. atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders. (2.47±0.42%). Based on the antioxidant activity, G. mangostana L. rind has a higher total antioxidant activity (24.68 μmol Fe(II)/g) than G. cowa Roxb. (18.88±0.12 μM Fe (II)/g and G. atroviridis Griff. ex T...
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2023
Introduction Endophytes, which are microorganisms living within plants' tissues, are known for th... more Introduction Endophytes, which are microorganisms living within plants' tissues, are known for their ability to produce a diverse array of bioactive metabolites. These metabolites have been shown to exhibit a wide range of biological activities and are classified into various categories, including steroids, lactones, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, quinones, lignans, and more. 1 The relationship between endophytes and their host plants is influenced by genetic factors and environmental conditions. 2,3 The endophyte-plant interaction is a complex interplay between the two organisms. The endophyte sometimes provides beneficial services to the host plant, such as enhancing nutrient uptake, promoting growth, and protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses. 2,3 Moreover, the degree of dependence of endophytes on their host plant varies depending on the endophyte type. Obligate endophytes, for example, rely completely on their host plant for their growth and survival. In contrast, facultative endophytes can shift between living within plant tissues and in the soil. 3 This biphasic lifestyle allows them to take advantage of both the resources available within the plant and those found in the soil. Compounds produced by endophytes have many advantages, such as having antibacterial activity. The active compound of plant endophytic microorganisms frequently has a more potent action than that produced by their host plants. As a result, the capacities of the active metabolites of plant endophytic microbes should be investigated. 4-5
ABSTRAK
Metode ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam suatu ekstrak tanaman.
Pada pene... more ABSTRAK Metode ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam suatu ekstrak tanaman. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji penentuan kadar fenolat total dari daun piladang (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd). yang diekstraksi dengan beberapa cara. Metode ekstraksi yang dilakukan antara lain cara tradisional (peremasan dan perebusan) dan ekstraksi laboratorium (sokletasi dan maserasi). Kadar fenolat total ekstrak daun piladang diperoleh dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible. Asam galat diukur pada panjang gelombang maksimum 758 nm. Kadar fenolat dinyatakan dalam mg setara asam galat / gr ekstrak. Perolehan kadar fenolat tertinggi oleh sokletasi daun kering 376,5979 mg/g, diikuti oleh maserasi daun kering 356,7619 mg/g, sokletasi daun segar 333,1509 mg/g, maserasi daun segar 293,3015 mg/g, rebusan daun segar 216,3534 mg/g, sari remasan 77,3158 mg/g, rebusan daun kering 69,3957 mg/g. Kata Kunci : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi ABSTRACT The extraction method can affect profile of chemical compound in plant extract. This research had been done to determine total phenolic compound from piladang leaves (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) with several extraction methods. There are two extraction methods that are traditional method (crushing and boiling) and laboratory method (soxhletation and maceration). Total phenolic compounds were determined by Folin Ciocalteu method with spectrophotometer UV-Vis at maximum wavelength 758 nm. Phenolic content was expressed in mg galic acid equivalent/g extract. The highest phenolic content was found 376,5979 mg/g in soxhletation of dried leaves, followed bymaceration of dried leaves 356,7619 mg/g, soxhletation of fresh leaves 333,1509 mg/g, macerated of dried leaves 293,3015 mg/g, boiled of fresh leaves 216,3534 mg/g crushing 77,3158 mg/g, boiled of dried leaves 69,3957 mg/g. Based on statistic analysis using SPSS 16 with on way ANOVA method, there are significantly different for phenolic content from each extraction method. Keywords : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi
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Metode ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam suatu ekstrak tanaman.
Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji penentuan kadar fenolat total dari daun piladang
(Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd). yang diekstraksi dengan beberapa cara. Metode
ekstraksi yang dilakukan antara lain cara tradisional (peremasan dan perebusan) dan ekstraksi
laboratorium (sokletasi dan maserasi). Kadar fenolat total ekstrak daun piladang diperoleh
dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible. Asam galat
diukur pada panjang gelombang maksimum 758 nm. Kadar fenolat dinyatakan dalam mg setara
asam galat / gr ekstrak. Perolehan kadar fenolat tertinggi oleh sokletasi daun kering 376,5979
mg/g, diikuti oleh maserasi daun kering 356,7619 mg/g, sokletasi daun segar 333,1509 mg/g,
maserasi daun segar 293,3015 mg/g, rebusan daun segar 216,3534 mg/g, sari remasan 77,3158
mg/g, rebusan daun kering 69,3957 mg/g.
Kata Kunci : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi
ABSTRACT
The extraction method can affect profile of chemical compound in plant extract. This
research had been done to determine total phenolic compound from piladang leaves
(Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) with several extraction methods. There are two
extraction methods that are traditional method (crushing and boiling) and laboratory method
(soxhletation and maceration). Total phenolic compounds were determined by Folin Ciocalteu
method with spectrophotometer UV-Vis at maximum wavelength 758 nm. Phenolic content was
expressed in mg galic acid equivalent/g extract. The highest phenolic content was found
376,5979 mg/g in soxhletation of dried leaves, followed bymaceration of dried leaves 356,7619
mg/g, soxhletation of fresh leaves 333,1509 mg/g, macerated of dried leaves 293,3015 mg/g,
boiled of fresh leaves 216,3534 mg/g crushing 77,3158 mg/g, boiled of dried leaves 69,3957
mg/g. Based on statistic analysis using SPSS 16 with on way ANOVA method, there are
significantly different for phenolic content from each extraction method.
Keywords : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi
Metode ekstraksi dapat mempengaruhi komponen kimia dalam suatu ekstrak tanaman.
Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji penentuan kadar fenolat total dari daun piladang
(Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd). yang diekstraksi dengan beberapa cara. Metode
ekstraksi yang dilakukan antara lain cara tradisional (peremasan dan perebusan) dan ekstraksi
laboratorium (sokletasi dan maserasi). Kadar fenolat total ekstrak daun piladang diperoleh
dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visible. Asam galat
diukur pada panjang gelombang maksimum 758 nm. Kadar fenolat dinyatakan dalam mg setara
asam galat / gr ekstrak. Perolehan kadar fenolat tertinggi oleh sokletasi daun kering 376,5979
mg/g, diikuti oleh maserasi daun kering 356,7619 mg/g, sokletasi daun segar 333,1509 mg/g,
maserasi daun segar 293,3015 mg/g, rebusan daun segar 216,3534 mg/g, sari remasan 77,3158
mg/g, rebusan daun kering 69,3957 mg/g.
Kata Kunci : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi
ABSTRACT
The extraction method can affect profile of chemical compound in plant extract. This
research had been done to determine total phenolic compound from piladang leaves
(Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) with several extraction methods. There are two
extraction methods that are traditional method (crushing and boiling) and laboratory method
(soxhletation and maceration). Total phenolic compounds were determined by Folin Ciocalteu
method with spectrophotometer UV-Vis at maximum wavelength 758 nm. Phenolic content was
expressed in mg galic acid equivalent/g extract. The highest phenolic content was found
376,5979 mg/g in soxhletation of dried leaves, followed bymaceration of dried leaves 356,7619
mg/g, soxhletation of fresh leaves 333,1509 mg/g, macerated of dried leaves 293,3015 mg/g,
boiled of fresh leaves 216,3534 mg/g crushing 77,3158 mg/g, boiled of dried leaves 69,3957
mg/g. Based on statistic analysis using SPSS 16 with on way ANOVA method, there are
significantly different for phenolic content from each extraction method.
Keywords : Solenostemon scutellarioides, Piladang, fenolat, ekstraksi