Rashad Al Areqi

The Jewish character has passed in a variety of transformations through different stages of history. The study explores the position of Jewish character in the world narration, how the Arabs depict the contemporary Jewish character in their literary works compared to the Western/ Christian community and their attributes in the Nobel Quran. The Jewish character becomes in a position of concern for the world writers during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Jewish character has occupied a large part of writing, particularly in the area of narratives. Is there a difference between the past writers and the contemporary ones in addressing the Jewish character in the literary works? The focus is on some selective contemporary Arabic narratives: Ali Al Muqri's The Handsome Jew (2009) and Ala Al Aswani's Chicago (2007), in addition to Shakespeare's The Merchant of Vince and Christopher Marlow's The Jew of Malta as presented the Jew character in the Elizabethan era. The study of the narratives, whether the past or the contemporary ones, revealed the Jewish character as greedy, opportunistic, intolerant, arrogant if they are powerful, and humble if they are weak, obsessed by love of money, dealing with usury, revengeful, keeping no promises, stubborn, full of hate and spite for the community and easy to embrace a new religion for safety or love as Al Muqri's Salem, Shakespeare's Shylock, and Marlowe's Abigal. Further, the narratives showed the second generation of Arabs/ Muslims and Jews in mutual understanding, tolerance, forgiving, and attempting to find common ground to build the bridges of trust and love. They work on normalizing the relations with each other. However, they found themselves social outcasts, hybrid, living in between and the third space, suffering from problematic of identity as Saeed and his son, Ibrahim, the hybrids in Al Muqri's The Handsome Jew.

No one denies what Arab Spring brought to the Arab world of destruction and loss. The revolutionaries did not think for a moment that they could reach this unknown and blurred future. The Arab countries are still suffering from the consequences of their uprisings confronted by conspiracy to turn the situation to the worse. The turmoil and conflicting interests of the varied factions continue and no hope to find settlement soon. Many writers express their worries and views about the Arab Spring in their writings whether in the form of articles, poems, or novels. Ibrahim Al Kuni, a Libyan novelist, is one of the writers who may not stand what his country, Libya, becomes during and pre/post of Arab Spring. He has written a novel entitled by "Knights of the Dead Dreams" to show how the Arab Spring started in Libya and the consequences of such a revolution. The study attempts to trace how Al Kuni portrays pre/post-Arab Spring situation and the political and social upheavals in Libya. Through a postcolonial approach, the narrative addresses many postcolonial concepts:displacement, terrorism, exile, and alienation. The study found that the situation became worse after the Arab Spring because such revolutions brought harm to the western interests and to the locals whose interests met with the west. The ex-regime leaders did not surrender easily to the change demands. Such powers do not need the Arab countries to settle to become consuming countries for their military equipment and they need a government in Arab countries that fulfill their interests.

Abstract—Search for freedom is one of the most demanding requirements of the people who were under the hell of slavery in the past, particularly in America; nowadays slavery adopts different aspects in the contemporary era. Morrison is one of the Afro-American novelists who dedicated their literary works to uncover the tyranny imposed on the African Americans in the past and how they unfettered from its chains. This article explores a long journey from slavery to salvation argued in Tony Morrison's A Mercy and what its repercussions in the lives of enslaved people in America regardless of their race, religion, color or country. On the road of freedom, they would lack their honor, their home and their trust in themselves, even their faith in God to change their lives to better. They will be vulnerable religiously, socially, psychologically, and culturally and exposed to sever torment involved with physical, spiritual and psychological sides of their lives. The focus in this article is on such transformations that may change different aspects of the enslaved lives, particularly the females, under the pressure and tyranny of the slavery traders who cares only for their interests regardless of their breaching to the laws of humanity and human rights. It was found that the females are more vulnerable and a mercy of a man interferes to salvage their lives, however, that salvation and protection would not continue forever. Index Terms—slavery, salvation, mercy, female, freedom, transformation, black, white

It is not easy to write about a home you are enforced to be away of it. Undoubtedly, your words and lines will be expressive and impressive because they come to reveal a fact would not be ignored by the Palestinians or the world in general. Mohmoud Darwish is one of the Palestinians who were enforced to be dislocated, jailed, but exiled. He has an experience in exile with homelessness and homeliness. This article attempts to analyze four of Darwish's poems that address home and homeliness, identity and exile of the strangers who spend their lives dislocated. The selected poems will be analyzed to probe deeply into the location of home, homeliness, exile and identity in the poetry of Mahmoud Drawish. How the strangers feel while they are detached of their homes and families searching for their identity, searching for their home. The article explores the influence of the words of Darwish's poetry in expressing homesickness, homeliness and how a Palestinian finds his life away of his motherland, Palestine. The focus will be on the thematic and attitudinal structure and the aesthetics of using the expressive words, symbols and images that manifest the postcolonial identity that always stands against dominating power of colonizers. Keywords: home, homeliness, identity, exile, discrimination, stranger, Palestinian, poem

Exile and Globalization are two postcolonial terms that reflect the reality of the communities and the influence of such terms on the lives of the people inside or outside their communities. Exile and globalization have gained special concern in the poetry of Abdullah Al Baraduni, a Yemeni poet. The article traces the influence of such terms upon the lives of Yemenis through two selected poems of Al Baraduni. Both terms would lead one of them to the other; in exile, the person would be distanced from his culture, language, tradition, religion and separated from his community, as a result, the person will be permeated by the global cultures that do not recognize any cultural or social restrictions on the other aspects of lives. Al Baraduni reflects a live picture of the Yemeni community in particular and the Arab community in general and how the person feels exiled in his/her country. Globalization makes the international communities get smaller and establishes many crossroads in their daily lives. Through these two postcolonial terms and through two poems of Al Baraduni, the article addresses these two concepts in Al Baraduni's poetry and how he depicts their influence upon the community in very attractive image, using brilliantly metaphorical images and interesting expressions that make exile and globalization as unavoidable terms in the lives of Arab people. Al Baraduni explicates the influence of exile and globalization upon the Yemeni lives in particular and the Arab world in general. It is inescapable influence reflected in all aspects of daily lives.

A human being may leave his home, particularly the small city he lives in or leaving his big home to find better opportunities in living or escaping from oppression or wars that drive him to another city or another country to secure a better life for his family and his children. This article attempts to trace the contemporary American narratives how they portray the problem of immigration from home and the consequences of such immigration enforced on human beings for racial, social, cultural, political, or economical reasons. Such immigration leave a deep scar on the identity of the immigrant in the form of traumatic experiences that rock the stability of the immigrant and make him cry 'take me home' or make them feel lost and torn between two countries and two cultures.

ABSTRACT: Many transformations occur in the daily lives of the peoples of the Arab Gulf.
Undoubtedly, such changes have left very deep influence in the varied areas of lives. Writing
Gulf Sates literature in general and narrative in particular is reshaped by the daily events and
concerns. The daily social and political, cultural and race/sectarian prejudice issues become
the core of the Gulf writers' concerns. In the Gulf communities, migrants come from around
the world with their different cultures, languages, religions, but social conventions on the hope
of finding their living. The immigrants become a part of the Gulf community and affect the
culture and social conventions of the Gulf Communities, regardless of the Gulf people who
travel abroad for study or tourism or searching for a better life and come back with new identity
and new style of life. How do the writers express problematic of identity and the hybridity in
such globalized world and cosmopolitan atmosphere? The article addresses transformations
in the Gulf States identity and the rapid changes in social and political arena as portrayed by
the Gulf writers in the area of narrative. The article focuses on two narratives by two Kuwaiti
writers: Saud Al Sanousi's winning novel of International Prize of Arabic Fiction (IPAF), and
the Kuwait State Award: The Bamboo Stalk, 2012, and Sada Al Da'as's Being Black, the
winning novel of Kuwait State Award of Appreciation and Encouragement, 2010.
KEYWORDS: hybridity- problematic- identity- narrative- Gulf- Racism- Black- Kuwaiti

ABSTRACT: Many transformations occur in the daily lives of the peoples of the Arab Gulf.
Undoubtedly, such changes have left very deep influence in the varied areas of lives. Writing
Gulf Sates literature in general and narrative in particular is reshaped by the daily events and
concerns. The daily social and political, cultural and race/sectarian prejudice issues become
the core of the Gulf writers' concerns. In the Gulf communities, migrants come from around
the world with their different cultures, languages, religions, but social conventions on the hope
of finding their living. The immigrants become a part of the Gulf community and affect the
culture and social conventions of the Gulf Communities, regardless of the Gulf people who
travel abroad for study or tourism or searching for a better life and come back with new identity
and new style of life. How do the writers express problematic of identity and the hybridity in
such globalized world and cosmopolitan atmosphere? The article addresses transformations
in the Gulf States identity and the rapid changes in social and political arena as portrayed by
the Gulf writers in the area of narrative. The article focuses on two narratives by two Kuwaiti
writers: Saud Al Sanousi's winning novel of International Prize of Arabic Fiction (IPAF), and
the Kuwait State Award: The Bamboo Stalk, 2012, and Sada Al Da'as's Being Black, the
winning novel of Kuwait State Award of Appreciation and Encouragement, 2010.
KEYWORDS: hybridity- problematic- identity- narrative- Gulf- Racism- Black- Kuwaiti

ABSTRACT
Zayd Mutee Dammaj's The Hostage is one of the narratives that addresses the suffering and struggling of the
Yemeni people under the imamate rule. This narrative does not come to express the life of one of the Yemeni
hostages in the prison and later on as a servant in the palace of the Governor of Imam, but it comes to express
the concerns of a nation oppressed to respond to the imamate demands pre-revolution. This article is an attempt
to go through reconstructing of the identity of a hostage who still young and reshaping his identity may not take
too much efforts. Through the reconstructing of the hostage identity and its manifestations in his life, this article
traces impact of this sort of life in a life of a small hostage who has taken from his mother to enforce his family
and tribe to respond positively to the imamate illegal demands. The life of the hostage reveals the corruption and
absurdity of life in the palace of the Governor of Imam and his relatives who claim piety. It is found that the life
of Governor's palace left a deep influence in the physical, psychological, cultural, sexual and religious life of the
hostage. Eventually the hostage managed to escape from this life to unknown future