One would always like to have an ideal drug delivery system that will possess three main properti... more One would always like to have an ideal drug delivery system that will possess three main properties: (a) It will be a single dose for the whole duration of treatment. (b) It will deliver the active drug directly at the site of action. (c) It will possess possible fewer side effects. Above approaches are achieved with the help of suitable choice of polymer. This review focuses on recent literature regarding use of Eudragit polymer in different drug delivery systems with special attention to used in its fabrication along with their physiochemical properties.
Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquir... more Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performances. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance. Mouth dissolving tablets are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds when placed on the tongue. Ie. Fast dissolving Tablets are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. The new technology has encouraged both academia and industry to generate new formulations and technological approaches in this field. The purpose of this article is to review the development, adva...
The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the top... more The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. Iontophoresis is a novel drug delivery system designed to improve the delivery rate of compounds. The technique generates an electrical potential gradient that facilitates the movement of solute ions across the membrane. Iontophoresis has been used has been used greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. The potential of iontophoresis for systemic delivery is being rediscovered, and the technique has been observed to be particularly effective for ionic drugs. It also enhances transdermal permeation of neutral compounds by the process of electroosmosis. The recent enthusia...
Insomnia is a disorder characterized by inability to sleep or total lack of sleep, prevalence of ... more Insomnia is a disorder characterized by inability to sleep or total lack of sleep, prevalence of which ranges from 10 to15% among the general population with increased rates seen among older ages, female gender, white population and presence of medical or psychiatric illness. This sleep disorder that frequently occurs in its acute form and occurs at a rate of approximately 10 per cent in its chronic form in many countries. Yet this condition is still under-recognized, under diagnosed and under treated. The aetiology and pathophysiology of insomnia is such that several factors may predispose individuals for or precipitate and/or perpetuate the condition. There are several strategies to manage insomnia. To initiate treatment, it is necessary to define it and differentiate it from other co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Non-pharmacological strategies such as stimulus control therapy, relaxation, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and reconditioning therapies have best effect ...
Onchocerciasis also known as river blindness and Robles' Disease, is a parasitic disease caus... more Onchocerciasis also known as river blindness and Robles' Disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode. Onchocerciasis is the world's second-leading infectious cause of blindness. The vast majority of infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in Yemen and isolated areas of Central and South America. Due to the vector's breeding habitat, the disease is more severe along the major rivers in the northern and central areas of the continent and severity declines in villages farther from rivers.In the present reivew we have highlighted on epidemiology, mortality/morbidity, history, life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus, classification, sign and symptoms, treatment, prevention etc.
Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance... more Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable therapeutic objectives while minimizing side effects. Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery are the most commonly formulated but still offer highest attention in the area of novel drug delivery systems. This system can also help in optimizing oral controlled delivery of drugs having âabsorption windowâ by continuously releasing drug prior to absorption window, for prolonged period of time thus causing optimal bioavailability. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely variable process and ability to prolong and control the emptying time is a valuable asset for dosage forms, which reside in the stomach for a longer period of time than conventional dosage forms. Prolonged gastric residence time (GRT) within the GI tract helps to reduce dosing frequency and total dose, improve patient compliance and convenience, maintain a less fluctuating plasma level, as well as reduce GI side e...
Gastro retentive systems can remain in the ga stric region for several hours and hence sig nif ca... more Gastro retentive systems can remain in the ga stric region for several hours and hence sig nif cantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs. Verapami l HCL belongs to the class of calcium channel block ers. These medication block the movement of the calcium into t he muscle cells of the coronary arteries. A novel g astro retentive controlled release drug delivery system of verapami l HCl was formulated in an effort to increase the g astric retention time of the dosage form and to control dr ug elease. The aim of the work is to design and ev aluate verapamil HCL floating controlled release gastrore tentive tablets using different hydrocolloid poly mers including Carbopol, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, and Xan than gum incorporated for gel forming agent by di rect compression technology. The tablets were evalua ted for the physicochemical parameters such a s weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness, drug content, in vitro buoyancy studies, in vitro dissolution studie...
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Nanotechnology is an emerging technology seeking to exploit distinct technological advances of co... more Nanotechnology is an emerging technology seeking to exploit distinct technological advances of controlling the structure of materials at a reduced dimensional scale approaching individual molecules and their organised aggregates or supramolecular structures. These technological innovations, referred to as nanomedicines by the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA), have the potential to turn molecular discoveries arising from genomics and proteomics into widespread benefit for patients. Nanomedicine is a large subject area and includes nanoparticles that act as biological mimetics (e.g., functionalized carbon nanotubes) ânanomachinesâ (e.g., those made from interchangeable DNA parts and DNA scaffolds such as octahedron and stick cube), nanofibers and polymeric nanoparticles. The rapidly increasing new field of nanotechnology, opened up by rapid advances in science and technology, creates myriad new opportunities for advancing medical science and disease treatment in human...
Taste drives appetite and protects us from poisons. Taste is a crucial factor that determines the... more Taste drives appetite and protects us from poisons. Taste is a crucial factor that determines the palatability of pharmaceutical oral dosage form and patient compliance. It also gives a unique identity to a product and thereby provides a competitive advantage to a company, especially in the case of over-thecounter products. There are several taste masking methods available, which either involve modification of bitter active pharmaceutical ingredient itself or the formulation. Some of them are coating of drug particles, by formation of inclusion complexes, molecular complexes of drugs with other chemicals, solid dispersions, melting method, microencapsulation, prodrugs, mass extrusion methods and ion exchange resins. In past few years, Ion exchange resin and Formation of Inclusion Complexes with ÎČ-Cyclodextrin Derivative have been extensively used in the drug delivery technologies included; site specific drug delivery system, Modified release dosage form, Fast dissolving tablet, clin...
The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the top... more The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. Iontophoresis is a novel drug delivery system designed to improve the delivery rate of compounds. The technique generates an electrical potential gradient that facilitates the movement of solute ions across the membrane. Iontophoresis has been used has been used greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. The potential of iontophoresis for systemic delivery is being rediscovered, and the technique has been observed to be particularly effective for ionic drugs. It also enhances transdermal permeation of neutral compounds by the process of electroosmosis. The recent enthusia...
Summary Since 1990, significant efforts have been made towards developing interventions to preven... more Summary Since 1990, significant efforts have been made towards developing interventions to prevent depression. Depression is a serious medical illness that involves brain. Persons of any age-children or adults may develop depression symptoms. Symptoms such as intense sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities, sleep disturbances or oversleeping, change in appetite and deceased energy level; feeling of helplessness and thoughts of suicide are sequels to stress induced depression. The primary clinical manifestations of major depression are significant depression of mood and impairment of function. Mood and anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses. Clinical depression must be distinguished from normal grief, sadness, disappointment and the dysphoria or demoralization often associated with medical illness. Physical changes also occur, particularly in severe, vital, or "melancholic" depression. These include insomnia or hypersomnia; altered eating ...
Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance... more Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable therapeutic objectives while minimizing side effects. Recent trends indicate that multiparticulate drug delivery systems are especially suitable for achieving sustained or delayed release oral formulations with low risk of dose dumping, flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns as well as reproducible and short gastric residence time. One of the approaches toward this goal is to develop the floating multiparticulates so as to increase the gastric retention time. Such systems have more advantages over the single-unit dosage forms. The development of floating multiparticulates involves different solvent evaporation techniques to create the hollow inner core. In this review, the current status of floating multiparticulate drug delivery systems including hollow microspheres (micro balloons), low density floating micro pellets and floating micro beads (acrylic re...
Pharmacologyonline 1: 376-386 (2011) ewsletter Gaware et al. 376 THE MAGIC OF KEFIR: A REVIEW Vin... more Pharmacologyonline 1: 376-386 (2011) ewsletter Gaware et al. 376 THE MAGIC OF KEFIR: A REVIEW Vinayak Gaware* 1 , Kiran Kotade2, Ramdas Dolas3, Kiran Dhamak1, ... bĂșlgaros), purportedlyfrom either the Turkish "keyif" (joy/pleasure) or "kopur" ((milk) froth, foam), is a ...
One would always like to have an ideal drug delivery system that will possess three main properti... more One would always like to have an ideal drug delivery system that will possess three main properties: (a) It will be a single dose for the whole duration of treatment. (b) It will deliver the active drug directly at the site of action. (c) It will possess possible fewer side effects. Above approaches are achieved with the help of suitable choice of polymer. This review focuses on recent literature regarding use of Eudragit polymer in different drug delivery systems with special attention to used in its fabrication along with their physiochemical properties.
Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquir... more Drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performances. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance. Mouth dissolving tablets are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds when placed on the tongue. Ie. Fast dissolving Tablets are disintegrating and/or dissolve rapidly in the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. The new technology has encouraged both academia and industry to generate new formulations and technological approaches in this field. The purpose of this article is to review the development, adva...
The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the top... more The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. Iontophoresis is a novel drug delivery system designed to improve the delivery rate of compounds. The technique generates an electrical potential gradient that facilitates the movement of solute ions across the membrane. Iontophoresis has been used has been used greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. The potential of iontophoresis for systemic delivery is being rediscovered, and the technique has been observed to be particularly effective for ionic drugs. It also enhances transdermal permeation of neutral compounds by the process of electroosmosis. The recent enthusia...
Insomnia is a disorder characterized by inability to sleep or total lack of sleep, prevalence of ... more Insomnia is a disorder characterized by inability to sleep or total lack of sleep, prevalence of which ranges from 10 to15% among the general population with increased rates seen among older ages, female gender, white population and presence of medical or psychiatric illness. This sleep disorder that frequently occurs in its acute form and occurs at a rate of approximately 10 per cent in its chronic form in many countries. Yet this condition is still under-recognized, under diagnosed and under treated. The aetiology and pathophysiology of insomnia is such that several factors may predispose individuals for or precipitate and/or perpetuate the condition. There are several strategies to manage insomnia. To initiate treatment, it is necessary to define it and differentiate it from other co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Non-pharmacological strategies such as stimulus control therapy, relaxation, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavior therapy and reconditioning therapies have best effect ...
Onchocerciasis also known as river blindness and Robles' Disease, is a parasitic disease caus... more Onchocerciasis also known as river blindness and Robles' Disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection by Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode. Onchocerciasis is the world's second-leading infectious cause of blindness. The vast majority of infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in Yemen and isolated areas of Central and South America. Due to the vector's breeding habitat, the disease is more severe along the major rivers in the northern and central areas of the continent and severity declines in villages farther from rivers.In the present reivew we have highlighted on epidemiology, mortality/morbidity, history, life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus, classification, sign and symptoms, treatment, prevention etc.
Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance... more Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable therapeutic objectives while minimizing side effects. Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery are the most commonly formulated but still offer highest attention in the area of novel drug delivery systems. This system can also help in optimizing oral controlled delivery of drugs having âabsorption windowâ by continuously releasing drug prior to absorption window, for prolonged period of time thus causing optimal bioavailability. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely variable process and ability to prolong and control the emptying time is a valuable asset for dosage forms, which reside in the stomach for a longer period of time than conventional dosage forms. Prolonged gastric residence time (GRT) within the GI tract helps to reduce dosing frequency and total dose, improve patient compliance and convenience, maintain a less fluctuating plasma level, as well as reduce GI side e...
Gastro retentive systems can remain in the ga stric region for several hours and hence sig nif ca... more Gastro retentive systems can remain in the ga stric region for several hours and hence sig nif cantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs. Verapami l HCL belongs to the class of calcium channel block ers. These medication block the movement of the calcium into t he muscle cells of the coronary arteries. A novel g astro retentive controlled release drug delivery system of verapami l HCl was formulated in an effort to increase the g astric retention time of the dosage form and to control dr ug elease. The aim of the work is to design and ev aluate verapamil HCL floating controlled release gastrore tentive tablets using different hydrocolloid poly mers including Carbopol, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, and Xan than gum incorporated for gel forming agent by di rect compression technology. The tablets were evalua ted for the physicochemical parameters such a s weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness, drug content, in vitro buoyancy studies, in vitro dissolution studie...
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Nanotechnology is an emerging technology seeking to exploit distinct technological advances of co... more Nanotechnology is an emerging technology seeking to exploit distinct technological advances of controlling the structure of materials at a reduced dimensional scale approaching individual molecules and their organised aggregates or supramolecular structures. These technological innovations, referred to as nanomedicines by the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA), have the potential to turn molecular discoveries arising from genomics and proteomics into widespread benefit for patients. Nanomedicine is a large subject area and includes nanoparticles that act as biological mimetics (e.g., functionalized carbon nanotubes) ânanomachinesâ (e.g., those made from interchangeable DNA parts and DNA scaffolds such as octahedron and stick cube), nanofibers and polymeric nanoparticles. The rapidly increasing new field of nanotechnology, opened up by rapid advances in science and technology, creates myriad new opportunities for advancing medical science and disease treatment in human...
Taste drives appetite and protects us from poisons. Taste is a crucial factor that determines the... more Taste drives appetite and protects us from poisons. Taste is a crucial factor that determines the palatability of pharmaceutical oral dosage form and patient compliance. It also gives a unique identity to a product and thereby provides a competitive advantage to a company, especially in the case of over-thecounter products. There are several taste masking methods available, which either involve modification of bitter active pharmaceutical ingredient itself or the formulation. Some of them are coating of drug particles, by formation of inclusion complexes, molecular complexes of drugs with other chemicals, solid dispersions, melting method, microencapsulation, prodrugs, mass extrusion methods and ion exchange resins. In past few years, Ion exchange resin and Formation of Inclusion Complexes with ÎČ-Cyclodextrin Derivative have been extensively used in the drug delivery technologies included; site specific drug delivery system, Modified release dosage form, Fast dissolving tablet, clin...
The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the top... more The composition and architecture of the stratum corneum render it a formidable barrier to the topical and transdermal administration of therapeutic agents. The physicochemical constraints severely limit the number of molecules that can be considered as realistic candidates for transdermal delivery. Iontophoresis provides a mechanism to enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and charged molecules across the skin. Iontophoresis is a novel drug delivery system designed to improve the delivery rate of compounds. The technique generates an electrical potential gradient that facilitates the movement of solute ions across the membrane. Iontophoresis has been used has been used greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. The potential of iontophoresis for systemic delivery is being rediscovered, and the technique has been observed to be particularly effective for ionic drugs. It also enhances transdermal permeation of neutral compounds by the process of electroosmosis. The recent enthusia...
Summary Since 1990, significant efforts have been made towards developing interventions to preven... more Summary Since 1990, significant efforts have been made towards developing interventions to prevent depression. Depression is a serious medical illness that involves brain. Persons of any age-children or adults may develop depression symptoms. Symptoms such as intense sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities, sleep disturbances or oversleeping, change in appetite and deceased energy level; feeling of helplessness and thoughts of suicide are sequels to stress induced depression. The primary clinical manifestations of major depression are significant depression of mood and impairment of function. Mood and anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses. Clinical depression must be distinguished from normal grief, sadness, disappointment and the dysphoria or demoralization often associated with medical illness. Physical changes also occur, particularly in severe, vital, or "melancholic" depression. These include insomnia or hypersomnia; altered eating ...
Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance... more Pharmaceutical invention and research are increasingly focusing on delivery systems which enhance desirable therapeutic objectives while minimizing side effects. Recent trends indicate that multiparticulate drug delivery systems are especially suitable for achieving sustained or delayed release oral formulations with low risk of dose dumping, flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns as well as reproducible and short gastric residence time. One of the approaches toward this goal is to develop the floating multiparticulates so as to increase the gastric retention time. Such systems have more advantages over the single-unit dosage forms. The development of floating multiparticulates involves different solvent evaporation techniques to create the hollow inner core. In this review, the current status of floating multiparticulate drug delivery systems including hollow microspheres (micro balloons), low density floating micro pellets and floating micro beads (acrylic re...
Pharmacologyonline 1: 376-386 (2011) ewsletter Gaware et al. 376 THE MAGIC OF KEFIR: A REVIEW Vin... more Pharmacologyonline 1: 376-386 (2011) ewsletter Gaware et al. 376 THE MAGIC OF KEFIR: A REVIEW Vinayak Gaware* 1 , Kiran Kotade2, Ramdas Dolas3, Kiran Dhamak1, ... bĂșlgaros), purportedlyfrom either the Turkish "keyif" (joy/pleasure) or "kopur" ((milk) froth, foam), is a ...
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