We report room-temperature laboratory studies of the red bands of methane at 40 different pressur... more We report room-temperature laboratory studies of the red bands of methane at 40 different pressure--path-length combinations, corresponding to column densities between 0.024 and 3.897 km-amagat with pressures ranging between 0.10 and 2.00 atm. Detailed equivalent width measurements were used to determine curves of growth and integrated band strengths for the bands at 6190, 6825, 7050, and 7250 A. These measurements confirm the pressure independence of the methane curves of growth found by Lutz, Owen, and Cess for the blue-green bands and can be described by the same numerical curve of growth.
... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where ... more ... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. ... Citation: Cess, RD, and PM Udelhofen, Climate change during 19851999: Cloud interactions determined from satellite measurements, Geophys ...
... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where ... more ... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. ... Citation: Cess, RD, and PM Udelhofen, Climate change during 19851999: Cloud interactions determined from satellite measurements, Geophys ...
In this study we compare simulations of climate in two general circulation models: a coupled GCM ... more In this study we compare simulations of climate in two general circulation models: a coupled GCM in which the atmosphere and ocean interact dynamically and a slab GCM in which the ocean is represented by a static layer. W. L. Gates and G. L. Potter carried out multiyear simulations of global climate with these two models at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These simulations have no imposed conditions on the nature of the interannual variability. We present results showing that the slab model generates the signal of the Southern Oscillation in atmospheric pressure during the northern spring season but the signal is not propagated to other seasons. The coupled model manifests the Southern Oscillation in other seasons and in several climatic variables in which it is found in nature.
Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik ZAMP, 1964
Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlung wird untersucht für eine Anordnung bestehend... more Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlung wird untersucht für eine Anordnung bestehend aus zwei parallelen Platten, zwischen denen sich ein absorbierendes Medium befindet. Die eine Platte ist ein grauer diffuser Strahler und ein spiegelnder Reflektor, während die andere ein schwarzer Körper ist. Die Rechnung zeigt, dass der Unterschied zwischen diffuser und spiegelnder Reflexion äusserst klein ausfällt.
Forced-convection heat transfer for laminar flow of electrically conducting fluids across a flat ... more Forced-convection heat transfer for laminar flow of electrically conducting fluids across a flat plate is considered for a magnetic field of constant inductance acting normal to the free stream velocity and fixed relative to the plate. The boundary condition on the surface of the plate is taken to be either a constant temperature or constant heat flux, and solutions are presented for the following cases: (a) Fluids having a Prandtl number of unity for which both Joule heating and frictional heating are accounted for; (b) fluids having moderate and large Prandtl numbers for negligible Joule and frictional heating; and (c) fluids having low Prandtl numbers for negligible frictional heating.
Two climate models, a one-dimensional radiative-convective model and a seasonal statistical-dynam... more Two climate models, a one-dimensional radiative-convective model and a seasonal statistical-dynamical models, have been used to obtain a qualitative understanding of climate forcing mechanisms and feedback processes associated with the climatic impact of carbonaceous Arctic aerosols. The models are consistent in suggesting that such aerosols should produce surface warming in Arctic regions, but the manner in which this is accomplished
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1986
The first data obtained from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are presented. These da... more The first data obtained from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are presented. These data include emitted infrared radiation, albedo, and estimated scene types for 15 November 1984, as well as measurements of the solar constant'. Images from the GOES on the same day are included for comparison with the ERBE scene identification. On an instantaneous basis, clouds appear colder
... This model yields a production rate for H20+ of 4.4x1026 ions si at 1 AU The production rate ... more ... This model yields a production rate for H20+ of 4.4x1026 ions si at 1 AU The production rate of [01] is of the same order as that calculated for water, 2.9x1029 molecules s-1, by Keller andLillie (Astron. & Astrophys. ... B . L. Lutz , T . ~en and R. D . ces s , Stony Brook. ...
Assuming that the stratospheric aerosols consist of supercooled 75% aqueous sulfuric acid, we pre... more Assuming that the stratospheric aerosols consist of supercooled 75% aqueous sulfuric acid, we present a first-order estimate as to the effect of aerosol concentration upon global surface temperature. The model calculations illustrate that the increase in reflected sunlight constitutes the dominant contribution by aerosols; the normal aerosol concentration reduces the global surface temperature by roughly 0.7 K, and a doubling of concentration would provide a further decrease by the same amount. Increased aerosol concentration further results in heating of the stratosphere through absorption of infrared radiation emitted by the earth-atmosphere system. The model indicates that stratospheric temperature at 20 km could be raised by as much as 9 K, consistent with Southern Hemisphere observations following the eruption of Mt. Agung.
We report room-temperature laboratory studies of the red bands of methane at 40 different pressur... more We report room-temperature laboratory studies of the red bands of methane at 40 different pressure--path-length combinations, corresponding to column densities between 0.024 and 3.897 km-amagat with pressures ranging between 0.10 and 2.00 atm. Detailed equivalent width measurements were used to determine curves of growth and integrated band strengths for the bands at 6190, 6825, 7050, and 7250 A. These measurements confirm the pressure independence of the methane curves of growth found by Lutz, Owen, and Cess for the blue-green bands and can be described by the same numerical curve of growth.
... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where ... more ... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. ... Citation: Cess, RD, and PM Udelhofen, Climate change during 19851999: Cloud interactions determined from satellite measurements, Geophys ...
... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where ... more ... to employ the greenhouse parameter [Raval and Ramanathan, 1989] G = 1 - (OLR/ T S 4 ), where is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. ... Citation: Cess, RD, and PM Udelhofen, Climate change during 19851999: Cloud interactions determined from satellite measurements, Geophys ...
In this study we compare simulations of climate in two general circulation models: a coupled GCM ... more In this study we compare simulations of climate in two general circulation models: a coupled GCM in which the atmosphere and ocean interact dynamically and a slab GCM in which the ocean is represented by a static layer. W. L. Gates and G. L. Potter carried out multiyear simulations of global climate with these two models at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These simulations have no imposed conditions on the nature of the interannual variability. We present results showing that the slab model generates the signal of the Southern Oscillation in atmospheric pressure during the northern spring season but the signal is not propagated to other seasons. The coupled model manifests the Southern Oscillation in other seasons and in several climatic variables in which it is found in nature.
Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik ZAMP, 1964
Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlung wird untersucht für eine Anordnung bestehend... more Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlung wird untersucht für eine Anordnung bestehend aus zwei parallelen Platten, zwischen denen sich ein absorbierendes Medium befindet. Die eine Platte ist ein grauer diffuser Strahler und ein spiegelnder Reflektor, während die andere ein schwarzer Körper ist. Die Rechnung zeigt, dass der Unterschied zwischen diffuser und spiegelnder Reflexion äusserst klein ausfällt.
Forced-convection heat transfer for laminar flow of electrically conducting fluids across a flat ... more Forced-convection heat transfer for laminar flow of electrically conducting fluids across a flat plate is considered for a magnetic field of constant inductance acting normal to the free stream velocity and fixed relative to the plate. The boundary condition on the surface of the plate is taken to be either a constant temperature or constant heat flux, and solutions are presented for the following cases: (a) Fluids having a Prandtl number of unity for which both Joule heating and frictional heating are accounted for; (b) fluids having moderate and large Prandtl numbers for negligible Joule and frictional heating; and (c) fluids having low Prandtl numbers for negligible frictional heating.
Two climate models, a one-dimensional radiative-convective model and a seasonal statistical-dynam... more Two climate models, a one-dimensional radiative-convective model and a seasonal statistical-dynamical models, have been used to obtain a qualitative understanding of climate forcing mechanisms and feedback processes associated with the climatic impact of carbonaceous Arctic aerosols. The models are consistent in suggesting that such aerosols should produce surface warming in Arctic regions, but the manner in which this is accomplished
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1986
The first data obtained from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are presented. These da... more The first data obtained from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) are presented. These data include emitted infrared radiation, albedo, and estimated scene types for 15 November 1984, as well as measurements of the solar constant'. Images from the GOES on the same day are included for comparison with the ERBE scene identification. On an instantaneous basis, clouds appear colder
... This model yields a production rate for H20+ of 4.4x1026 ions si at 1 AU The production rate ... more ... This model yields a production rate for H20+ of 4.4x1026 ions si at 1 AU The production rate of [01] is of the same order as that calculated for water, 2.9x1029 molecules s-1, by Keller andLillie (Astron. & Astrophys. ... B . L. Lutz , T . ~en and R. D . ces s , Stony Brook. ...
Assuming that the stratospheric aerosols consist of supercooled 75% aqueous sulfuric acid, we pre... more Assuming that the stratospheric aerosols consist of supercooled 75% aqueous sulfuric acid, we present a first-order estimate as to the effect of aerosol concentration upon global surface temperature. The model calculations illustrate that the increase in reflected sunlight constitutes the dominant contribution by aerosols; the normal aerosol concentration reduces the global surface temperature by roughly 0.7 K, and a doubling of concentration would provide a further decrease by the same amount. Increased aerosol concentration further results in heating of the stratosphere through absorption of infrared radiation emitted by the earth-atmosphere system. The model indicates that stratospheric temperature at 20 km could be raised by as much as 9 K, consistent with Southern Hemisphere observations following the eruption of Mt. Agung.
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Papers by Robert Cess