Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in ... more Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Epigenetic alterations including hypermethylation of gene promoters are believed to be the early events in neoplastic progression and thus these methylated genes can serve as biomarkers for the early detection of cancer from clinical specimens, such as: tissue biopsies, serum and urine.Early detection of PCa from body fluids, can be done by molecular detection of some epigenetic biomarkers, such as: GSTP1, RASSF1A and RARβ2 gene promoters
Revista medico-chirurgicală̆ a Societă̆ţ̜ii de Medici ş̧i Naturaliş̧ti din Iaş̧i
Urinary bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the Western world and is responsible fo... more Urinary bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the Western world and is responsible for about 3% of all cancer-related deaths. Because most advanced invasive or metastatic cancers have low cure rates, risk assessment and early detection of the clinically occult premalignant phases of neoplasia are a particular importance. Many tumor biomarkers for bladder cancer have been evaluated for use in detecting and monitoring bladder cancers tissue specimens, bladder washes, and urine specimens but, none of the biomarkers reported to date has shown sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect the entire spectrum of bladder cancers in routine clinical practice. The limitations of established prognostic markers requires us to identify better molecular parameters that could be of interest in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, in particular, the high-risk patient groups that are at risk of progression and recurrence. Methylation is an important molecular mechanis...
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by extensive clinical and genetic variability caused... more Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by extensive clinical and genetic variability caused by lack of expression of imprinted genes of the chromosomal region 15q11.2-q13. The genotye-phenotype correlation has not been yet fully elucidated. To analyze these correlations in order to determine the role of specifi c geneic alterations in the development of clinical symptoms in PWS. We retrospectively analyzed data routinely collected as part of the clinical care of 52 patients with clinical suspicion of PWS. FISH test was performed in all patients; in case of negative results, methylation test was performed. PWS was confi rmed in 35 patients that were divided in two groups according to the genetic cause of PWS: group A-21 patients with 15q11-q13 region deletion, mean age at evaluation 8.1 years (SD= 5.6) and mean of clinical score 9.4 ± 1.8; group B-14 patients with positive methylation test, with mean age at evaluation 6.7 years (SD= 4.6) and mean of clinical score 10.1 ± 1.9. F...
The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has b... more The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has been linked to early onset obesity with the subsequent emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) is a well-known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. to determine the association between being born SGA and CIMT, a measure of atherogenesis and to investigate metabolic risk factors which impact on CIMT in obese children. A prospective study was carried out over a 1 year period (July 2012-June 2013). We analyzed 122 obese patients, 96 patients appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 26 patients SGA. Both groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Blood pressure, lipids and glucose were determined. Oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). CIMT was measured in all the patients. CIMT in obese children born SGA was significantly increased as comp...
Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurometabolic genetic disorder affecting 1/12.000-1/15.000 new-... more Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurometabolic genetic disorder affecting 1/12.000-1/15.000 new-borns. Molecular mechanisms that could lead to this disorder include chromosomal deletions, uniparental disomy (UPD), intragenic mutations, and epigenetic modifications in the process of imprinting and rarely reciprocal translocations. A common defect is noticed in all cases: loss of parental contribution for the functioning of specific genes in normal conditions, due to genetic instability of the critical region 15q11-q13. Objectives of the study concerned the implementation of molecular genetic/epigenetic methods of investigation and development of an interdisciplinary clinical investigation algorithm specific for the disease (geneticist, pediatrician, endocrinologist, psychiatrist, neurologist, psychologist, orthopedist, pneumologist, nutritionist) aiming for early recognition of the clinical features, resulting in early diagnosis and early intervention. Materials and methods: a multi...
The increase in prevalence of obesity in children is well known worldwide, with important implica... more The increase in prevalence of obesity in children is well known worldwide, with important implications for health.\r\nAim. To evaluate the growth patterns of normal weight, overweight, obese and underweight schoolchildren from western Romania, in order to understand how body mass is related to height gain.\r\nMaterial and method. A total of 3626 children aged 7-18 years, were examinated, between February 2010-June 2011. Children were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight and obese, using IOTF criteria.\r\nResults. We present the growth curves in regard to BMI class and the comparison of the 50th percentile of each BMI class, in boys and girls separately. The period of significant height difference/year at the 50th percentile for each BMI class indicates that overweight and obese boys have important height gain between 11-14 years, while for underweight boys it is constant between 11-18 years. In overweight and obese girls, an important height difference/year is observ...
Nr. 21(4)/2013 DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2013-0038 TXT Mutation analysis of the MECP2 gene in Romanian fem... more Nr. 21(4)/2013 DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2013-0038 TXT Mutation analysis of the MECP2 gene in Romanian females with Rett syndrome Analiza mutaţiilor genei MECP2 la pacientele cu sindrom Rett din România Simona Dumitriu, Enriko Klootwijk, Naomi Issler, Horia Stanescu, Robert Kleta, Maria Puiu Abstract The discovery of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene located on Xq28 as being involved in Rett syndrome (RTT) has been followed by a broad spectrum of phenotypes being associated with mutations in MECP2. The distribution of MECP2 mutations has been studied in many populations, but only recently in Romania. We started the first local study searching for MECP2 mutations using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - based methods and Sanger sequencing. We have investigated 9 patients, all girls, 7 with classical RTT and 2 with atypical RTT from the Western part of Romania. Mutation screening revealed 3 different mutations present in 4 patients and 5 nonpathogenic genetic variations. One of the ...
The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has b... more The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has been linked to early onset obesity with the subsequent emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) is a well-known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.Aim: to determine the association between being born SGA and CIMT, a measure of atherogenesis and to investigate metabolic risk factors which impact on CIMT in obese children.Material and methods: A prospective study was carried out over a 1 year period (July 2012-June 2013). We analyzed 122 obese patients, 96 patients appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 26 patients SGA. Both groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Blood pressure, lipids and glucose were determined. Oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). CIMT was measured in all the patients.Results: CIMT in obese children born SGA wa...
Since the discovery of mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene in Rett Syndrom... more Since the discovery of mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene in Rett Syndrome (RTT), a large number of mutations have been identified both in the classical and the atypical forms of this disorder, their variability and correlation between phenotype and genotype being studied in different populations. In this study, by using a composite score including clinical, functional and anamnestic items, we analyzed the severity of the phenotype and the family impact of the mutations identified in the Romanian patients. The clinical severity and the impact on the functioning of patients and of their families have been assessed using Kerr profile scores 1, Percy severity scores 2 , Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) 3 and Ped-sQLTM 2.0 Family impact module 4.
Childhood obesity has followed, during the last two decades, an ascending trend. Insulin resistan... more Childhood obesity has followed, during the last two decades, an ascending trend. Insulin resistance (IR) is central to the pathophysiology of obesity. So far, several methods of assessing IR have been proposed. We aimed to evaluate critically some of the simplest methods used to assess IR in the pediatric population. We studied retrospectively the records of children evaluated for obesity in the " Louis Ţurcanu " Emergency Hospital for Children Timişoara, over a period of 10 years. The study population consisted of 342 children. Anthropomet-ric and metabolic variables were analyzed, and the following indices of IR were assessed: impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), Homeostatic Model of Assesment-IR (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic Model of Assesment-b (HOMA-β), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) as well as the TG/HDLc ratio. Data was expresed as frequencies, means ± standard deviations or median ± interquartile interval for or a 95% confi dence interval. The t-test f...
Mental retardation(MR) was defined by the World Health Organisation as an intelligent quotient (I... more Mental retardation(MR) was defined by the World Health Organisation as an intelligent quotient (IQ)<70 that is accompanied by adaptive limitations in two or more key skills areas, before the age of 18. General intellectual functioning is expressed by IQ. Typically, in children younger than 5 years old who present delays in the attainment of developmental milestones at the expected age, the term of "developmental delay" is used. Also, developmental delay is used before the age of 5,when IQ testing is reliable and valid and it takes into consideration learning and adaptive deficits which predict later intellectual disability. Different classifications have been used to partition people with MR, the most frequent, accepted also by DSM IV (American Psychiatry Association) based on performances on standardised cognitive tests: mild (IQ 50-70), moderate (IQ 35-49), severe ( IQ 20-34) and profound (IQ <20). According to this type of classification the level of difficulties ...
This work aimed to compare the clinical validity of a newly developed assay for Prader-Willi synd... more This work aimed to compare the clinical validity of a newly developed assay for Prader-Willi syndrome diagnosis in Romanian population, as compared to an existing assay. This syndrome is a complex multisystem, genetic and epigenetic disorder, which arises from a defect in imprinted genes regulation and contribution. So far, a molecular cytogenetic method (fluorescence in situ hybridization) has been the most frequently used assay in primary diagnosis, but because it is targeted towards genetic factors it only covers deletional cases in this pathology. However, gene expression control is realized both through physical presence of the corresponding DNA sequence and through specific methylation patterns on parental alleles of the given gene: normal healthy state is defined by unmethylated (expressed) paternal allele, in the presence of methylated (repressed) maternal allele; by contrast, the pathological condition is defined by the presence of only methylated (repressed) maternal allel...
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) are the most common muscular dystrophies with X-... more Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) are the most common muscular dystrophies with X-linked inheritance caused by mutations in the DMD gene. DMD is the most severe form with a complete absence of dystrophin synthesis. The most frequent DMD gene mutations are large deletions and duplications of one or more exons. Method. For molecular diagnosis of patients diagnosed with DMD/BMD only on the base of clinical symptoms, family history and creatine kinase levels we used MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) technique. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and 35 unrelated patients and 20 relatives were analyzed. The MLPA products were quantified by capillary electrophoresis and interpreted using Coffalyser software. Results. Large deletions were identified in 24 patients (68,57%) and large duplications in four patients (11,42%). 14 female patients with heterozy gous genotypes confirmed previously identified mutations in male patients and in 6 subjects...
Alterations in the methylation patterns of promoter CpG islands have been associated with the tra... more Alterations in the methylation patterns of promoter CpG islands have been associated with the transcriptional inhibition of genes in many human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) gene in serum DNA samples from patients with the diagnosis of PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as a new epigenetic biomarker in distinguishing between malignant and non-malignant lesions. Materials and methods: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation was investigated in genomic DNA isolated from the serum of 91 patients diagnosed with of PCa and 94 with BPH (control subjects). In order to evaluate the methylation status of the RARβ2 gene we used the quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) method. Results: Promoter hypermethylation of RARβ2 gene was detected in serum samples from 89 of 91 (92.86%) patients with PCa, and in 10 of the 94 (10.7%) pati...
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in ... more Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Epigenetic alterations including hypermethylation of gene promoters are believed to be the early events in neoplastic progression and thus these methylated genes can serve as biomarkers for the early detection of cancer from clinical specimens, such as: tissue biopsies, serum and urine.Early detection of PCa from body fluids, can be done by molecular detection of some epigenetic biomarkers, such as: GSTP1, RASSF1A and RARβ2 gene promoters
Revista medico-chirurgicală̆ a Societă̆ţ̜ii de Medici ş̧i Naturaliş̧ti din Iaş̧i
Urinary bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the Western world and is responsible fo... more Urinary bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the Western world and is responsible for about 3% of all cancer-related deaths. Because most advanced invasive or metastatic cancers have low cure rates, risk assessment and early detection of the clinically occult premalignant phases of neoplasia are a particular importance. Many tumor biomarkers for bladder cancer have been evaluated for use in detecting and monitoring bladder cancers tissue specimens, bladder washes, and urine specimens but, none of the biomarkers reported to date has shown sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect the entire spectrum of bladder cancers in routine clinical practice. The limitations of established prognostic markers requires us to identify better molecular parameters that could be of interest in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer patients, in particular, the high-risk patient groups that are at risk of progression and recurrence. Methylation is an important molecular mechanis...
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by extensive clinical and genetic variability caused... more Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by extensive clinical and genetic variability caused by lack of expression of imprinted genes of the chromosomal region 15q11.2-q13. The genotye-phenotype correlation has not been yet fully elucidated. To analyze these correlations in order to determine the role of specifi c geneic alterations in the development of clinical symptoms in PWS. We retrospectively analyzed data routinely collected as part of the clinical care of 52 patients with clinical suspicion of PWS. FISH test was performed in all patients; in case of negative results, methylation test was performed. PWS was confi rmed in 35 patients that were divided in two groups according to the genetic cause of PWS: group A-21 patients with 15q11-q13 region deletion, mean age at evaluation 8.1 years (SD= 5.6) and mean of clinical score 9.4 ± 1.8; group B-14 patients with positive methylation test, with mean age at evaluation 6.7 years (SD= 4.6) and mean of clinical score 10.1 ± 1.9. F...
The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has b... more The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has been linked to early onset obesity with the subsequent emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) is a well-known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. to determine the association between being born SGA and CIMT, a measure of atherogenesis and to investigate metabolic risk factors which impact on CIMT in obese children. A prospective study was carried out over a 1 year period (July 2012-June 2013). We analyzed 122 obese patients, 96 patients appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 26 patients SGA. Both groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Blood pressure, lipids and glucose were determined. Oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). CIMT was measured in all the patients. CIMT in obese children born SGA was significantly increased as comp...
Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurometabolic genetic disorder affecting 1/12.000-1/15.000 new-... more Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurometabolic genetic disorder affecting 1/12.000-1/15.000 new-borns. Molecular mechanisms that could lead to this disorder include chromosomal deletions, uniparental disomy (UPD), intragenic mutations, and epigenetic modifications in the process of imprinting and rarely reciprocal translocations. A common defect is noticed in all cases: loss of parental contribution for the functioning of specific genes in normal conditions, due to genetic instability of the critical region 15q11-q13. Objectives of the study concerned the implementation of molecular genetic/epigenetic methods of investigation and development of an interdisciplinary clinical investigation algorithm specific for the disease (geneticist, pediatrician, endocrinologist, psychiatrist, neurologist, psychologist, orthopedist, pneumologist, nutritionist) aiming for early recognition of the clinical features, resulting in early diagnosis and early intervention. Materials and methods: a multi...
The increase in prevalence of obesity in children is well known worldwide, with important implica... more The increase in prevalence of obesity in children is well known worldwide, with important implications for health.\r\nAim. To evaluate the growth patterns of normal weight, overweight, obese and underweight schoolchildren from western Romania, in order to understand how body mass is related to height gain.\r\nMaterial and method. A total of 3626 children aged 7-18 years, were examinated, between February 2010-June 2011. Children were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight and obese, using IOTF criteria.\r\nResults. We present the growth curves in regard to BMI class and the comparison of the 50th percentile of each BMI class, in boys and girls separately. The period of significant height difference/year at the 50th percentile for each BMI class indicates that overweight and obese boys have important height gain between 11-14 years, while for underweight boys it is constant between 11-18 years. In overweight and obese girls, an important height difference/year is observ...
Nr. 21(4)/2013 DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2013-0038 TXT Mutation analysis of the MECP2 gene in Romanian fem... more Nr. 21(4)/2013 DOI:10.2478/rrlm-2013-0038 TXT Mutation analysis of the MECP2 gene in Romanian females with Rett syndrome Analiza mutaţiilor genei MECP2 la pacientele cu sindrom Rett din România Simona Dumitriu, Enriko Klootwijk, Naomi Issler, Horia Stanescu, Robert Kleta, Maria Puiu Abstract The discovery of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene located on Xq28 as being involved in Rett syndrome (RTT) has been followed by a broad spectrum of phenotypes being associated with mutations in MECP2. The distribution of MECP2 mutations has been studied in many populations, but only recently in Romania. We started the first local study searching for MECP2 mutations using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - based methods and Sanger sequencing. We have investigated 9 patients, all girls, 7 with classical RTT and 2 with atypical RTT from the Western part of Romania. Mutation screening revealed 3 different mutations present in 4 patients and 5 nonpathogenic genetic variations. One of the ...
The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has b... more The "catch-up growth" phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has been linked to early onset obesity with the subsequent emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) is a well-known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.Aim: to determine the association between being born SGA and CIMT, a measure of atherogenesis and to investigate metabolic risk factors which impact on CIMT in obese children.Material and methods: A prospective study was carried out over a 1 year period (July 2012-June 2013). We analyzed 122 obese patients, 96 patients appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 26 patients SGA. Both groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. Blood pressure, lipids and glucose were determined. Oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). CIMT was measured in all the patients.Results: CIMT in obese children born SGA wa...
Since the discovery of mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene in Rett Syndrom... more Since the discovery of mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene in Rett Syndrome (RTT), a large number of mutations have been identified both in the classical and the atypical forms of this disorder, their variability and correlation between phenotype and genotype being studied in different populations. In this study, by using a composite score including clinical, functional and anamnestic items, we analyzed the severity of the phenotype and the family impact of the mutations identified in the Romanian patients. The clinical severity and the impact on the functioning of patients and of their families have been assessed using Kerr profile scores 1, Percy severity scores 2 , Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) 3 and Ped-sQLTM 2.0 Family impact module 4.
Childhood obesity has followed, during the last two decades, an ascending trend. Insulin resistan... more Childhood obesity has followed, during the last two decades, an ascending trend. Insulin resistance (IR) is central to the pathophysiology of obesity. So far, several methods of assessing IR have been proposed. We aimed to evaluate critically some of the simplest methods used to assess IR in the pediatric population. We studied retrospectively the records of children evaluated for obesity in the " Louis Ţurcanu " Emergency Hospital for Children Timişoara, over a period of 10 years. The study population consisted of 342 children. Anthropomet-ric and metabolic variables were analyzed, and the following indices of IR were assessed: impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), Homeostatic Model of Assesment-IR (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic Model of Assesment-b (HOMA-β), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) as well as the TG/HDLc ratio. Data was expresed as frequencies, means ± standard deviations or median ± interquartile interval for or a 95% confi dence interval. The t-test f...
Mental retardation(MR) was defined by the World Health Organisation as an intelligent quotient (I... more Mental retardation(MR) was defined by the World Health Organisation as an intelligent quotient (IQ)<70 that is accompanied by adaptive limitations in two or more key skills areas, before the age of 18. General intellectual functioning is expressed by IQ. Typically, in children younger than 5 years old who present delays in the attainment of developmental milestones at the expected age, the term of "developmental delay" is used. Also, developmental delay is used before the age of 5,when IQ testing is reliable and valid and it takes into consideration learning and adaptive deficits which predict later intellectual disability. Different classifications have been used to partition people with MR, the most frequent, accepted also by DSM IV (American Psychiatry Association) based on performances on standardised cognitive tests: mild (IQ 50-70), moderate (IQ 35-49), severe ( IQ 20-34) and profound (IQ <20). According to this type of classification the level of difficulties ...
This work aimed to compare the clinical validity of a newly developed assay for Prader-Willi synd... more This work aimed to compare the clinical validity of a newly developed assay for Prader-Willi syndrome diagnosis in Romanian population, as compared to an existing assay. This syndrome is a complex multisystem, genetic and epigenetic disorder, which arises from a defect in imprinted genes regulation and contribution. So far, a molecular cytogenetic method (fluorescence in situ hybridization) has been the most frequently used assay in primary diagnosis, but because it is targeted towards genetic factors it only covers deletional cases in this pathology. However, gene expression control is realized both through physical presence of the corresponding DNA sequence and through specific methylation patterns on parental alleles of the given gene: normal healthy state is defined by unmethylated (expressed) paternal allele, in the presence of methylated (repressed) maternal allele; by contrast, the pathological condition is defined by the presence of only methylated (repressed) maternal allel...
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) are the most common muscular dystrophies with X-... more Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) are the most common muscular dystrophies with X-linked inheritance caused by mutations in the DMD gene. DMD is the most severe form with a complete absence of dystrophin synthesis. The most frequent DMD gene mutations are large deletions and duplications of one or more exons. Method. For molecular diagnosis of patients diagnosed with DMD/BMD only on the base of clinical symptoms, family history and creatine kinase levels we used MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) technique. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and 35 unrelated patients and 20 relatives were analyzed. The MLPA products were quantified by capillary electrophoresis and interpreted using Coffalyser software. Results. Large deletions were identified in 24 patients (68,57%) and large duplications in four patients (11,42%). 14 female patients with heterozy gous genotypes confirmed previously identified mutations in male patients and in 6 subjects...
Alterations in the methylation patterns of promoter CpG islands have been associated with the tra... more Alterations in the methylation patterns of promoter CpG islands have been associated with the transcriptional inhibition of genes in many human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of retinoic acid receptor β2 (RARβ2) gene in serum DNA samples from patients with the diagnosis of PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as a new epigenetic biomarker in distinguishing between malignant and non-malignant lesions. Materials and methods: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation was investigated in genomic DNA isolated from the serum of 91 patients diagnosed with of PCa and 94 with BPH (control subjects). In order to evaluate the methylation status of the RARβ2 gene we used the quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) method. Results: Promoter hypermethylation of RARβ2 gene was detected in serum samples from 89 of 91 (92.86%) patients with PCa, and in 10 of the 94 (10.7%) pati...
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Papers by Maria Puiu