2005 (Vorform); 2008 (Endform); Open Access; 14 Subskalen; Berufstatige Erwachsene; Arbeitsplatzbezogene Angste; 70 Items; Faktoren: 1 Stimulusbezogene Angste und Vermeidungsverhalten mit den Subskalen Antizipatorische Angst, Phobische... more
2005 (Vorform); 2008 (Endform); Open Access; 14 Subskalen; Berufstatige Erwachsene; Arbeitsplatzbezogene Angste; 70 Items; Faktoren: 1 Stimulusbezogene Angste und Vermeidungsverhalten mit den Subskalen Antizipatorische Angst, Phobische Vermeidung, Konditionierte Angst, 2 Soziale Angste und Beeintrachtigungskognitionen mit den Subskalen Ausbeutungsangst, Soziale Angste, Bedrohungs- und Beeintrachtigungsuberzeugungen, 3 Gesundheits- und korperbezogene Angste mit den Subskalen Hypochondrische Tendenzen, Panik und korperliche Symptome, Funktionsbezogene Angste, 4 Insuffizienzangste mit den Subskalen Allgemeine Insuffizienzgedanken, Veranderungsangste, 5 Arbeitsplatzbezogene Sorgen mit den Subskalen Sorgen im Sinne arbeitsplatzbezogener Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Existenzangst
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Background/Aims: Persons elicit emotional reactions in their vis-à-vis within a split-second, resulting in far reaching judgements. This is called first impression formation. It has been shown that respective judgements show high... more
Background/Aims: Persons elicit emotional reactions in their vis-à-vis within a split-second, resulting in far reaching judgements. This is called first impression formation. It has been shown that respective judgements show high reliability. Data are needed on the validity. In this study we wanted to test, if it is possible to predict by first impression formation how a person feels and whether he or she has problems in life. Method: We invited a convenience sample of 102 train passengers to answer a short self-rating questionnaire on their present well-being and problems in life. Additionally, a researcher recorded her first impression of the passenger by using the MED scale. The researcher did not know the other person before. Results: Judgements on the impression of participants were unrelated to their present well-being. There were relations between a kind and friendly first impression formation and work-related problems and capacity restrictions in contrast to participants wit...
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The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had an impact on the health of many people, but also on politics, the economy, and everyday life at large. It has been shown that some people respond with anxiety and depression, which is not surprising.... more
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had an impact on the health of many people, but also on politics, the economy, and everyday life at large. It has been shown that some people respond with anxiety and depression, which is not surprising. Another reaction in the context of COVID-19 is embittered fights and disruptions between family members, friends, and neighbors, but also problems on a societal and political level, mutual public insults, political demonstrations, and even aggressive outbursts with a high number of participants. This calls for a separate explanation. One trigger may be embitterment, an emotion known to anybody in reaction to injustice, humiliation, and breach of trust, in association with helplessness. It comes along with a nagging desire to fight back and is usually accompanied by aggressive fantasies and combatively impulses towards the wrongdoer. This emotion also spreads indiscriminately to other people and the world. There are few initial studies which show th...
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Multimorbidity is more than just the addition of individual illnesses, and its diagnosis and treatment poses special problems. General practitioners play an important role in looking after multimorbid patients. The aim of this study is to... more
Multimorbidity is more than just the addition of individual illnesses, and its diagnosis and treatment poses special problems. General practitioners play an important role in looking after multimorbid patients. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and pattern of acute and chronic multimorbidity in primary care patients, regardless of body system and age group. A convenience sample of 2099 patients treated by 40 general practitioners was assessed using the Burvill scale. This measure of multimorbidity differentiates according to organ system and covers both acute and chronic illnesses. It also allows severity ratings to be assessed for both acute and chronic conditions, and thus patients’ actual need for general practice care. Patients reported an average of 3.5 (SD = 2.0) acute and/or chronically affected body systems. Overall, 12.7% of patients reported only one health problem, 83.0% at least two, 65.8% at least three, 46.1% at least four, and 29.7% five or more. The m...
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Der Therapieerleben-Fragebogen eignet sich für den Einsatz im psychotherapeutischen Kontext zur Erfassung des Therapieerlebens und kann ressourcen- oder belastungsorientiert ausgewertet werden. Er kann von Patienten und ihren Angehörigen... more
Der Therapieerleben-Fragebogen eignet sich für den Einsatz im psychotherapeutischen Kontext zur Erfassung des Therapieerlebens und kann ressourcen- oder belastungsorientiert ausgewertet werden. Er kann von Patienten und ihren Angehörigen zugleich angewendet werden und trägt zur Effizienz einer Behandlung bei. Der TEF besteht aus 40 Items auf sechs Subskalen: (1) Ängste und Befürchtungen vor negativen Therapiefolgen, (2) Informiertheit über die Therapie, (3) Auswirkungen der Therapie auf soziales Netz und Alltag, (4) Auswirkungen auf die eigenen Kompetenzen, (5) Persönliches Engagement für die Therapie, (6) Misstrauen und Gefühle des Ausgeliefertseins gegenüber der Therapie. Reliabilität: Die interne Konsistenz der sechs Subskalen liegt zwischen Cronbachs Alpha = .78 und Alpha = .87. Validität: Für die Validität sprechen Übereinstimmungen wie Unterschiede im Therapieerleben zwischen Patienten und Angehörigen.
2008; Open Access; Befindlichkeit; Fremdeinschatzung; Verlaufsdokumentation; ab 18 Jahre; 40 Items; Skalen: 1 Angste und Befurchtungen vor negativen Therapiefolgen, 2 Informiertheit uber die Therapie, 3 Positive Auswirkungen der Therapie... more
2008; Open Access; Befindlichkeit; Fremdeinschatzung; Verlaufsdokumentation; ab 18 Jahre; 40 Items; Skalen: 1 Angste und Befurchtungen vor negativen Therapiefolgen, 2 Informiertheit uber die Therapie, 3 Positive Auswirkungen der Therapie auf das soziale Netz und den Alltag, 4 Positive Auswirkungen der Therapie auf die eigenen Kompetenzen, 5 Personliches Engagement fur die Therapie, 6 Misstrauen und Gefuhle des Ausgeliefertseins gegenuber der Therapie
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OBJECTIVE Psychological disorders often take a long-term course, resulting in impairment in daily life and work. Treatment must therefore not only target symptoms of illness, but also capacity limitations and context restrictions, as... more
OBJECTIVE Psychological disorders often take a long-term course, resulting in impairment in daily life and work. Treatment must therefore not only target symptoms of illness, but also capacity limitations and context restrictions, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This includes sociomedical and interdisciplinary interventions like coordination with other specialists, counselors, contact to employers and employment agencies, social support agencies, debt counselling, self-help, and leisure groups. There are no data on the spectrum, rate, and unmet needs of sociomedical interventions in outpatient psychotherapy. METHOD Following a semi-structured interview schedule, 131 psychotherapists in private practice were asked to report on unselected patients. The interviewer assessed to what degree 38 pre-defined sociomedical interventions were applied so far or should be considered in the future. RESULT Reports for 322 patients were g...
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Hintergrund Viele psychische Störungen nehmen einen Langzeitverlauf und gehen daher mit sozialen und beruflichen Teilhabeeinschränkungen einher. Dies gilt auch für Patienten in der Richtlinienpsychotherapie. Um eine ganzheitliche... more
Hintergrund Viele psychische Störungen nehmen einen Langzeitverlauf und gehen daher mit sozialen und beruflichen Teilhabeeinschränkungen einher. Dies gilt auch für Patienten in der Richtlinienpsychotherapie. Um eine ganzheitliche Versorgung zu gewährleisten, sind u. a. sozialmedizinische Interventionen erforderlich, wozu die Koordinierung mit anderen Therapeuten, Kontakte zum Arbeitgeber oder zu arbeitsrelevanten Institutionen, häusliche und freizeitbezogene Hilfen oder soziale Unterstützungsmaßnahmen gehören. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche derartigen sozialmedizinischen Interventionen zum Repertoire von Richtlinienpsychotherapeuten in ihrem Arbeitsalltag gehören. Material und Methoden Es wurden 131 psychologische Psychotherapeuten gebeten, anhand eines Glossars mit 38 sozialmedizinischen Interventionen anzugeben, welche davon sie in ihrer täglichen Praxis anwenden. Ergebnisse Alle Maßnahmen kamen zur Anwendung. Im Durchschnitt gaben die Therapeuten an, dass ihnen von den 38 Inter...
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2009; Open Access; Verbitterungsreaktionen auf negative Lebensereignisse; 19 Items; Faktoren: 1 Psychologischer Status und soziale Funktionsfahigkeit, 2 Emotionale Reaktion auf ein Ereignis und Gedanken von Rache; PTED-Symptomatik: 1... more
2009; Open Access; Verbitterungsreaktionen auf negative Lebensereignisse; 19 Items; Faktoren: 1 Psychologischer Status und soziale Funktionsfahigkeit, 2 Emotionale Reaktion auf ein Ereignis und Gedanken von Rache; PTED-Symptomatik: 1 Zentrale Rolle von negativen Lebensereignissen, 2 Gefuhle von Hilflosigkeit und Ungerechtigkeit, verursacht durch das Ereignis, 3 Verschlechterung des psychologischen Wohlbefindens
Somit orientiert sich die Therapie nicht primär an der «Diagnose», sondern an der «Diagnostik», d.h. der Feststellung des aktuellen Krankheitsstatus. Einen konzeptionellen Rahmen hierfür bietet beispielsweise die Internationale... more
Somit orientiert sich die Therapie nicht primär an der «Diagnose», sondern an der «Diagnostik», d.h. der Feststellung des aktuellen Krankheitsstatus. Einen konzeptionellen Rahmen hierfür bietet beispielsweise die Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF), die vor einigen Jahren von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation neu herausgegeben wurde (wie auch die ICD). Sie unterscheidet zwischen Körperstrukturen, Körperfunktionen (= Symptomen), Fähigkeiten, Kontext und Teilhabe und ist damit eine Operationalisierung des klassischen «ganzheitlichen» oder «bio-psycho-sozialen» Krankheitsverständnisses. Diese ICF-Perspektive ist gerade für die Psychotherapie von besonderer Bedeutung. Seit jeher haben sich psychotherapeutische Prozesse weniger an Diagnosen als vielmehr an Befunden und vor allem an Krankheitsmodellen orientiert – also beispielsweise in der psychodynamischen Therapie an Komplexen, in der klientenzentrierten Psychotherapie an der Diskrepanz ...
Der Streit um die Bezahlung der Psychotherapeuten in Ausbildung (PiA) führte zur Verabschiedung eines neuen Psychotherapeutengesetzes. Bislang war die Voraussetzung zur Psychotherapeutenausbildung ein Psychologiestudium. Die neue... more
Der Streit um die Bezahlung der Psychotherapeuten in Ausbildung (PiA) führte zur Verabschiedung eines neuen Psychotherapeutengesetzes. Bislang war die Voraussetzung zur Psychotherapeutenausbildung ein Psychologiestudium. Die neue Ausbildung sieht ein abgetrenntes grundständiges Studium vor das mit einer Staatsprüfung endet, die zur Approbation führt. Danach muss noch eine Weiterbildung absolviert werden. Die Erlaubnis zur unabhängigen Berufsausübung kann nun erst nach einer Fachpsychotherapeutenanerkennung erfolgen, d. h. Jahre später als bisher. Bislang war die Ausbildung der psychologischen Psychotherapeuten bundesweit einheitlich festgelegt. Jetzt hat jede Kammer das Recht, Regeln nach eigenem Gutdünken zu erlassen. Es ist also nicht mehr sicher, dass zukünftige Psychotherapeuten in Weiterbildung das Bundesland wechseln können. Auch die internationalen Auswirkungen sind zu bedenken. Das neue Gesetz gibt den Steuerungsorganen im Gesundheitswesen neue Eingriffsmöglichkeiten um die ...
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Zusammenfassung Abstrakt Einleitung Weisheit ist eine menschliche Fähigkeit zur Bewältigung schwieriger Lebensprobleme, bzw. eine spezielle Art von Problemlösefähigkeit und damit eine wichtige Ressource in der Alltagsbewältigung. Sie... more
Zusammenfassung Abstrakt Einleitung Weisheit ist eine menschliche Fähigkeit zur Bewältigung schwieriger Lebensprobleme, bzw. eine spezielle Art von Problemlösefähigkeit und damit eine wichtige Ressource in der Alltagsbewältigung. Sie findet in der psychologischen Forschung und auch der klinischen Praxis zunehmende Beachtung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Untersuchung der Verteilung und Korrelationen von Weisheitseinstellungen bei psychosomatischen Patienten unter Anwendung der neu entwickelten 12-WD-Skala. Material und Methoden Mit der 12-WD-Skala werden 12 Dimensionen der Weisheit erfasst. Diese Skala wurde bei 202 unausgelesenen stationären Patienten einer psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsklinik als Teil der Routine-Eingangsuntersuchung eingesetzt. Es standen zusätzlich Daten aus der Basisdokumentation zu Verfügung. Zusätzlich füllten die Patienten die Differentielle Lebensbelastungsskala (DLB), die Allgemeine Gerechtigkeitsskala (GWAL) und eine Verbitterungs-Skala (PTED-Sk...
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ABSTRACT
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Life is full of burdens and problems. If there is no unambiguous solution, wisdom is a psychological capacity to “solve unsolvable problems” in life. There is a large body of research showing that wisdom is given to everybody, is an... more
Life is full of burdens and problems. If there is no unambiguous solution, wisdom is a psychological capacity to “solve unsolvable problems” in life. There is a large body of research showing that wisdom is given to everybody, is an important resilience factor, is associated with well-being, and can be described, similar to assertiveness, as a multidimensional psychological capacity. Constituents are change of perspective, empathy, perception and acceptance of emotions, serenity and humor, factual knowledge and procedural knowledge, contextualism, value relativism, uncertainty acceptance, long-term perspective, self distance and relativation of oneself, relativation of aspiration. Wisdom can be learned and trained. Wisdom psychotherapy is a structured approach to help patients with severe and prolonged adjustment disorders.
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Background: Although common, painful physical symptoms are not listed as symptoms of depression in the leading (psychiatric) classifications ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Method: In this observational study, general practitioners and in- ternists... more
Background: Although common, painful physical symptoms are not listed as symptoms of depression in the leading (psychiatric) classifications ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Method: In this observational study, general practitioners and in- ternists consecutively documented outpatients requiring an antidepressant. At baseline, after 6 weeks, 4 and 6 months of treatment with fluoxetine were recorded: Clinical global impression (CGI) using the CGI scale; depressed mood, anxiety, suicidality, lack of energy, sleep disturbances, restlessness, cardiovascular symptoms, gastrointestinal symp- toms, diffuse physical symptoms, muscular complaints, and headache using a four-point Likert scale. For comparisons between males/females the Chi-Square-test was performed. This report is limited to pre-treatment baseline findings. Results: 927 of 1008 patients (92.0%) assigned to treatment with fluoxetine had the primary diagnosis of a depres- sive disorder. At baseline, in 94.3% of the 927 depressed patients (100...
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Pharmacoepidemiological data show that long-term treatment accounts for a considerable part of benzodiazepine prescriptions in primary care practice. Prescription and intake patterns were, therefore, investigated in a study of 196... more
Pharmacoepidemiological data show that long-term treatment accounts for a considerable part of benzodiazepine prescriptions in primary care practice. Prescription and intake patterns were, therefore, investigated in a study of 196 patients who had been treated with benzodiazepines for longer than six months by internists or general physicians in private practice. Patients were 64 years of age on average, half of them being 65 years or older. Females were in the majority (73.5%). The average duration of tranquilizer or hypnotic intake was 11.0 years, or 5.3 years for the current benzodiazepine medication. The mean daily dose was 9 mg diazepam equivalent. All benzodiazepine hypnotics and 61% of benzodiazepine tranquilizers had been prescribed solely for night-time use. Only 6% of the patients were taking benzodiazepines as single medication: on average they were taking 3.1 additional types of medication for other conditions, these being predominantly cardiac and antirheumatic/analgesic in nature. One in five patients was taking additional psychotropic medication. The compliance coefficient was on average 0.8, showing that patients did not tend to abuse benzodiazepines, with noncompliance generally being similar to noncompliance with other forms of medication.
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Die Arbeit ist zeitlich, inhaltlich und sozial ein wichtiger Lebensbereich, weshalb Geschehnisse am Arbeitsplatz Auswirkungen auf die psychische Verfassung eines Menschen und psychische Störungen Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsplatz haben... more
Die Arbeit ist zeitlich, inhaltlich und sozial ein wichtiger Lebensbereich, weshalb Geschehnisse am Arbeitsplatz Auswirkungen auf die psychische Verfassung eines Menschen und psychische Störungen Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsplatz haben müssen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Angst und Arbeitsplatz, da Arbeitsplätze ihrer Struktur nach angstauslösend bzw. –verstärkend sind. Als gemeinsame Endstrecke kann es zu dem Syndrom einer Arbeitsplatzphobie kommen, mit panikartigen Ängsten bei Annäherung oder auch dem Gedanken an den Arbeitsplatz. Sie hat erhebliche Konsequenzen für den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf und erfordert spezielle therapeutische Konsequenzen. Die Bedeutung von arbeitsplatzbezogenen Ängsten und Arbeitsplatzphobie wird in der psychiatrischen Praxis nicht hinreichend gewürdigt. Diese Arbeit will auf dieses Problem hinweisen und einen konzeptuellen Rahmen zum Verständnis von Arbeitsplatzängsten und Arbeitsplatzphobie geben.
BACKGROUND Activities of daily living, play a key role in the measurement of functional health as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and in prevention and treatment of mental or somatic... more
BACKGROUND Activities of daily living, play a key role in the measurement of functional health as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and in prevention and treatment of mental or somatic illnesses. From a clinical context it is important to discriminate between basic "activities of daily living, ADL", "intentional activities of daily living, IADL", and "recreational activities of daily living, RADL". While ADL and IADL have gained much attention in dementia, the elderly, or severe somatic illnesses, there is a lack of research on RADL, which are important in depression, anxiety, or other neurotic disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 154 unselected inpatients of a department of behavioral and psychosomatic medicine filled in the "Check List of Recreational Activities" to assess the rates and profiles of RADL. RESULTS Patients reported on average 19.3 (s.d. 7.0) activities (range 4 - 40), i.e. males...
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BACKGROUND The aftercare of patients in the wake of inpatient treatment is a therapeutic challenge. Aim of the present study was to investigate the utilization, and positive or negative interactions in a patient only (PF) and a therapist... more
BACKGROUND The aftercare of patients in the wake of inpatient treatment is a therapeutic challenge. Aim of the present study was to investigate the utilization, and positive or negative interactions in a patient only (PF) and a therapist guided internet forum (TF) in the follow up of psychosomatic inpatient treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS After discharge from hospital, patients were offered to participate in a PF or TF. The rate and duration of participation was monitored and the content of communication classified by content analysis. RESULTS In the PF 144 (8.0%) and in TF 76 (8.5%) of invited patients registered. Participants were somewhat younger, more often male, and professionally better qualified. Time of participation was 51 (sd 90) days in the PF and 59 (sd 69) in the TF. 32% of the registered patients wrote messages in the PF and 43% in the TF, with 7 (sd 10) comments on average in the PF and 15 (sd 26) in the TF. Most comments were health related and positive, with a highe...
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BACKGROUND Wisdom is a capacity, which is needed in coping with difficult problems in life. It can be understood as a special type of problem solving skill. It is getting growing recognition in psychology in general, and in psychotherapy... more
BACKGROUND Wisdom is a capacity, which is needed in coping with difficult problems in life. It can be understood as a special type of problem solving skill. It is getting growing recognition in psychology in general, and in psychotherapy and clinical practice in particular. Goal of the present study is to assess wisdom competencies and their correlates in psychosomatic patients, using for the first time the 12-WD-scale. METHOD The 12-WD-Scale covers 12 wisdom dimensions. As part of their routine intake assessment, 202 unselected inpatients of a department of psychosomatic medicine filled in the 12-WD-scale together with the differential life burden scale, the global belief in a just world scale and the posttraumatic embitterment scale. Additional patient and clinical data could be taken from the routine data. RESULTS Wisdom scores showed a normal distribution. The mean was in the positive range (4.50, SD=0.71). A factor analysis showed three factors (sobriety, serenity, modesty), ex...
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Background: Injustice and humiliation are negative life events which can raise strong emotions, including shame, feelings of inferiority and helplessness, embitterment, anger, vindictive feelings and even aggressive rumination and acting... more
Background: Injustice and humiliation are negative life events which can raise strong emotions, including shame, feelings of inferiority and helplessness, embitterment, anger, vindictive feelings and even aggressive rumination and acting out. This can severely impair not only the affected person but also her or his environment. Aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and impact of humiliation and injustice in psychiatric- psychosomatic patients. Methods: In a semi-structured interview, which followed the outlines of the WHO International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF), 102 inpatients from a department of behavioural medicine were asked about burdens in life. Additionally, patients filled in the “ICD-10 Symptom Rating”, the “ICF AT 50-Psych”, the “Beck Depression Inventory” and the “HEALTH-49”. Results: The experience of humiliation was rated as strong or very strong by 70.6% of the patients, being the most frequent burden, followed by persistent...
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Objective: To determine whether a psychiatric–psychosomatic consultation can identify unmet treatment needs and improve treatment of patients with mental disorders in general practice. Methods: In 40 primary care practices, 307... more
Objective: To determine whether a psychiatric–psychosomatic consultation can identify unmet treatment needs and improve treatment of patients with mental disorders in general practice. Methods: In 40 primary care practices, 307 consecutive primary patients who met criteria for chronic mental disorders were assessed by a psychiatric–psychosomatic consultant. After random assignment, general practitioners (GPs) were informed for half of the patients about the results of the assessment and received recommendations on how to improve treatment. Changes in treatment and patient status were reevaluated after 6 months. Results: Patients were mostly having depression, adjustment, or anxiety disorders, with 28.8% on sick leave. Contact with their respective GPs was longer than a year in 77.2% of cases. Patients had already received pharmacotherapy (60.9%), psychotherapeutic counseling by GPs themselves (27.7%), psychotherapy by specialists (73.9%), psychiatric outpatient care (57%), inpatient...
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ZusammenfassungChronische Belastungsstörungen finden derzeit in Klinik und Forschung eine vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Die psychoneuroimmunologische Forschung untersucht in diesem Zusammenhang die biologische Stressantwort sowie den... more
ZusammenfassungChronische Belastungsstörungen finden derzeit in Klinik und Forschung eine vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Die psychoneuroimmunologische Forschung untersucht in diesem Zusammenhang die biologische Stressantwort sowie den „Cross-talk” zwischen neuroendokrinen Zellen und Immunzellen. Bei der Frage nach der Interaktion von psychischem Stress, Stressmediatoren und psychischen wie somatischen Erkrankungen kann nicht von einem unmittelbaren linearen Zusammenhang ausgegangen werden. Stattdessen ist das grundlegende Paradigma, dass insbesondere chronischer psychischer Stress zu Veränderungen in Regulationsgleichgewichten führt, die wiederum die Vulnerabilität für pathologische Folgeprozesse erhöhen. Da eine Dysregulation eben dieser Mediatoren in der Pathogenese von Infektions-, Autoimmun- und allergischen Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle spielt, sind die pathologischen Folgeprozesse von Patienten mit chronischem psychischen Stress, besonders im Hinblick auf chronische Belastungs...
Some theoretical positions see cognitive therapy and behavior therapy as separate while others see the two as integrated forms of treatment. An open question is how these perspectives are reflected in therapeutic practice and whether in... more
Some theoretical positions see cognitive therapy and behavior therapy as separate while others see the two as integrated forms of treatment. An open question is how these perspectives are reflected in therapeutic practice and whether in routine care one should speak from different modes and schools of treatment or rather an integrated form of cognitive-behavior therapy. Thirteen hundred and forty-four epidemiologically representative and extensive case reports, written for treatment application in routine outpatient care, were analyzed by content-analytic methods. The results indicated that cognitive and behavioral interventions were used at the same rate and in an integrated way under the heading of behavior therapy. Some differences in treatment modes were found between different mental disorders. In depressive disorders cognitive methods were slightly more prevalent (95%) than behavioral methods (86%) while in anxiety disorders behavioral techniques (95%) were used somewhat more ...
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Objectives Training, treatment and quality assurance in occupational therapy need guidelines and manuals. Two manuals and corresponding manual adherence checklists were developed for resistance- and regeneration-oriented treatment... more
Objectives Training, treatment and quality assurance in occupational therapy need guidelines and manuals. Two manuals and corresponding manual adherence checklists were developed for resistance- and regeneration-oriented treatment strategies, which are standard in occupational therapy. The hypothesis is that occupational therapists can apply different treatments and that this can be measured. Methods In a psychiatric-psychosomatic rehabilitation hospital, 108 patients were randomly assigned to the regeneration group and 113 to the resistance group. Patients were asked to indicate on a manual adherence checklist which interventions they had experienced during treatment. Additionally, a convenience sample of 124 patients who had not participated in the special groups but only in routine occupational therapy was interviewed at the end of the hospital stay. Results Resistance-oriented interventions were significantly more often reported in the resistance group and regeneration-oriented ...
Recent years have seen major developments in psychotherapy research that suggest the need to address critical methodological issues. These recommendations, developed by an international group of researchers, do not replace those for... more
Recent years have seen major developments in psychotherapy research that suggest the need to address critical methodological issues. These recommendations, developed by an international group of researchers, do not replace those for randomized controlled trials, but rather supplement strategies that need to be taken into account when considering psychological treatments. The limitations of traditional taxonomy and assessment methods are outlined, with suggestions for consideration of staging methods. Active psychotherapy control groups are recommended, and adaptive and dismantling study designs offer important opportunities. The treatments that are used, and particularly their specific ingredients, need to be described in detail for both the experimental and the control groups. Assessment should be performed blind before and after treatment and at long-term follow-up. A combination of observer- and self-rated measures is recommended. Side effects of psychotherapy should be evaluated...
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Patients with schizophrenia suffer from stigma and discrimination due to their illness. Yet it is not well examined how experiences of stigma and discrimination express at the early illness stage and how they develop subsequently.... more
Patients with schizophrenia suffer from stigma and discrimination due to their illness. Yet it is not well examined how experiences of stigma and discrimination express at the early illness stage and how they develop subsequently. Therefore, clinical and psycho-social correlates of stigma experiences and perceived stigma are analyzed in patients with first-episode schizophrenia over the course of 1 year after their first in-patient treatment. Questionnaire data assessed within the multi-centre-RCT "First-Episode Study" of the German Research Network on Schizophrenia were analyzed. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia were assessed 8 weeks after their first in-patient treatment (post-acute assessment) and 1 year later. N = 48 (post-acute) and N = 24 (1-year follow-up) patients provided questionnaire data appropriate for analyses, with N = 12 dyads. These data included burden due to stigma experiences (B-STE), perceived stigma (PDDQ), clinical (PANSS, CDSS, CGI, GAF, SA...