The present study was carried out to study the "effect of different levels of NPKS and rhizobium ... more The present study was carried out to study the "effect of different levels of NPKS and rhizobium inoculation on growth, yield attributes of Soyabean (Glycine max L. Merrill) under guava (Psidium guajava L.
Globally, sustainable agricultural systems must be better understood as evidenced by concerns abo... more Globally, sustainable agricultural systems must be better understood as evidenced by concerns about food security, environmental degradation, and climate change. The demand for food and goods is increasing with rise in population while the productivity of land is declining all over the world. It is predicted that 25% of the world's lands are either highly deteriorated or prone to rapid degradation. Approximately, 12 million hectares of land are degraded every year worldwide due to land degradation. The functioning of soil ecosystems depends mainly on soil biodiversity and soil organic matter content. Inappropriate land use practices, such as deforestation, crop residue clearance, overgrazing, extensive mechanical tillage, and irrigation, are the main factors that contribute to soil nutrient losses and land degradation. Lack of organic matter reduces soil fertility, which ultimately results in reduced agricultural production. There are 175 million acres of degraded land in India. The world's population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, which will necessitate a 60% increase in food production. Many conventional methods have been recommended for preserving soil fertility among which agroforestry is a potential system with multiple benefits. The woody perennial in agroforestry can supply nutritional inputs to crops through biological nitrogen fixation, deep capture, and storage of nutrients in their biomass. Tree roots take up different macro and micronutrients from deeper soil strata, which are then released into the top most layer of soil during the decomposition of roots and litter and have a potential utilization in providing nutrients to agricultural crops. As a land management strategy, agroforestry can simultaneously support household income, food security, soil biodiversity
Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on ... more Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on the same unit of land. Horticulture / tree-based agroforestry has been proven as an important tool for crop diversification. Tree and vegetable combination is new horticulture-based alley cropping system which are maintains higher output and also boosts the economic status of the farmers, improves farmers livelihood on a sustainable basis, and provide employment throughout year. The horticulture-based alley cropping systems (agroforestry) combine perennial woody crops and non-woody crops, the vegetables are managed spatially to achieve both economic and environmental benefits of the farming system. The selection of crops is depending upon various factors like agro-climatic and edaphic conditions, crop root system, and water and nutrient requirement pattern and above-ground growth habits. There are several agroforestry systems based on fruit trees is practiced in whole part of the country...
Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on ... more Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on the same unit of land. Horticulture / tree-based agroforestry has been proven as an important tool for crop diversification. Tree and vegetable combination is new horticulture-based alley cropping system which are maintains higher output and also boosts the economic status of the farmers, improves farmers livelihood on a sustainable basis, and provide employment throughout year. The horticulture-based alley cropping systems (agroforestry) combine perennial woody crops and non-woody crops, the vegetables are managed spatially to achieve both economic and environmental benefits of the farming system. The selection of crops is depending upon various factors like agro-climatic and edaphic conditions, crop root system, and water and nutrient requirement pattern and above-ground growth habits. There are several agroforestry systems based on fruit trees is practiced in whole part of the country...
Field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of Urea, KCl, Zn placement and spray on ... more Field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of Urea, KCl, Zn placement and spray on growth of Cowpea crop. Crop during Kharif season 2017 under guava based agri-horti system. The experiment was laid out in simple RBD design and replicated thrice. The treatments were nine. Application of various levels of KCl, Zinc and Urea which significantly increased dry matter production/plant, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of trifoliate/plant, total nodule / plant. Foliar nutrient sprays viz., 2% urea, 2% KCL, 1.5% ZnSO4 Foliar spray treatment with the aqueous solution of nutrients was done to the 15 and 30 DAS of Cowpea crop. Significant increase was recorded in plant height, dry matter production, Maximum growth was recorded when spread with 2% urea spray followed by 2% KCl at flowering and 15 days later is the viable nutrient management package to the Cowpea for getting higher income through higher productivity.
Wheat is a staple food of world, especially of developing countries, which lacks mechanism of zin... more Wheat is a staple food of world, especially of developing countries, which lacks mechanism of zinc absorption, compared to pulses, more intention is therefore necessary to be given for the same. Micronutrient, zinc, deficiency affects one third population of world. Although it is not integral part like nitrogen, phosphorus and potash but recent arised deficiencies in soil, plants and of course in human beings ranged a bell of danger. Improper and imbalanced application of fertilizers, especially of N, P, and K lack of awareness among farmers about zinc and its application and prospects, are some major primary factors that prevent its application. Besides, this, it is also important for growth and development of plant and animals. Application of zinc is therefore necessary in wheat through different sources that are compatible for particular soil, management and its availability.
Assessment of floristic diversity provides basis for devising suitable strategies for conservatio... more Assessment of floristic diversity provides basis for devising suitable strategies for conservation of the plant resources. Accordingly a study was conducted to understand the floristic diversity of dry temperate and alpine region of Kinnaur under different forest groups/types/sub-types. Out of 140 species 4 families belonging to trees, 11 shrubs, 25 herbs, 11 grasses and 2 ferns were encountered during the sampling of vegetation.  Among trees species Pinaceae; among shrubs Berberidaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae; among herbs Asteraceae,  Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae and among grasses Poaceae were the dominant families. Among the total plant species recorded from the area 8 species viz  Betula utilis, Juniperus communis, J indica, J macropoda, Rhododendron campanulatum, Picrorhiza kurroa, Bergenia stracheyi and Ephedra gerardiana fell in the category of threatened species.
Iodine, one of the most important essential nutrient elements for human health and is an essentia... more Iodine, one of the most important essential nutrient elements for human health and is an essential component of the thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronin). Human body cannot synthesize iodine itself. Thus, the people depend on food materials for their iodine requirement. The present work was under taken to study the amount of iodine present in the most common consuming food vegetables, generally grown in district Varanasi and distributed form certain randomly selected vegetable markets of Varanasi. In addition, correlation of coefficient between iodine content of soil with vegetables were analyzed. The mean iodine concentration in the vegetables of Varanasi was 4.25 mg kg. The iodine content in leafy vegetable spinach was found highest and lowest in fruit vegetable, brinjal. The iodine content in tested vegetables was in order, spinach > radish > cabbage > carrot > brinjal. Its content in Ramnagar vegetables was highest followed by Kashividyapith, Pandeypur, Lan...
International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2019
Lady bird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata is a predator in the nature on different soft body in... more Lady bird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata is a predator in the nature on different soft body insect in different crops. This beetle is beneficial for farmers as bio control agents but in nature, it population being affected by Alcaerorrhynchus grandis which is act as a predator on larval and pupal stages. It is a sting bug that sucks the body just of this insect. In Coccinella septumpunctata, 50 per cent population of grub and 100 per cent population of pupa was show predatory effect were noticed at 15th SW.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2017
Adequate and sustainable access to income and resources such asadequate access to food, potable w... more Adequate and sustainable access to income and resources such asadequate access to food, potable water, health facilities, and education to meet basic needs is livelihood. Sustaining livelihood is most serious challenge faced by policy and decision-makers in current scenario. In this context land-use options that sustain livelihood security and reduce vulnerability to climate and environmental change are necessary. Agroforestry can play a major role in bringing the desired level of diversification along with sustainability. Agroforestry has the potential to provide food security and help to poverty reduction along with its contribution to environment security viz. soil conservation, carbon sequestration are highly important. Traditional farming and their management such as agro-forestry practices may potentially provide options to enhance livelihoods through simultaneous production of food, fodder and firewood as well as reduce of the impact of climate change.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2017
The function and relevance of soils in agro-ecosystems has been recognized in the context of sust... more The function and relevance of soils in agro-ecosystems has been recognized in the context of sustainable management, soil quality, soil resilience or soil conservation and protection of local or regional agro-ecosystem. NRM involves the concept of using, improving, and restoring the productive capacity and life support processes of soil. Agroforestry have the potential to improve soil properties viz.: soil structure, micro aggregates, soil water retention and transmission properties, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, soil organic matter content and transformation, nutrient supplying capacity, soil pH, rooting depth, soil biodiversity, soil fauna and microbial activity. Agroforestry includes any system where trees are deliberately planted or encourage on land where crops are grown or animals grazed. Present investigation indicate that agroroforesty system including silvorable agroforestry, hedgerow intercropping, mixed and zoned agroforestry and many other agroforestry practices are positvely contributed for controling of soil erosion, maintainance of soil organic matter, improving physical and other biological properties of soil. So there is a considerable potential for soil conservation through agroforestry, both in control of erosion and by other means of maintaining soil fertility. This potential applies to many agroforestry practices and over a wide range of climatic zones and soil types which is the main aim of this investigation.
The present study was carried out to study the "effect of different levels of NPKS and rhizobium ... more The present study was carried out to study the "effect of different levels of NPKS and rhizobium inoculation on growth, yield attributes of Soyabean (Glycine max L. Merrill) under guava (Psidium guajava L.
Globally, sustainable agricultural systems must be better understood as evidenced by concerns abo... more Globally, sustainable agricultural systems must be better understood as evidenced by concerns about food security, environmental degradation, and climate change. The demand for food and goods is increasing with rise in population while the productivity of land is declining all over the world. It is predicted that 25% of the world's lands are either highly deteriorated or prone to rapid degradation. Approximately, 12 million hectares of land are degraded every year worldwide due to land degradation. The functioning of soil ecosystems depends mainly on soil biodiversity and soil organic matter content. Inappropriate land use practices, such as deforestation, crop residue clearance, overgrazing, extensive mechanical tillage, and irrigation, are the main factors that contribute to soil nutrient losses and land degradation. Lack of organic matter reduces soil fertility, which ultimately results in reduced agricultural production. There are 175 million acres of degraded land in India. The world's population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, which will necessitate a 60% increase in food production. Many conventional methods have been recommended for preserving soil fertility among which agroforestry is a potential system with multiple benefits. The woody perennial in agroforestry can supply nutritional inputs to crops through biological nitrogen fixation, deep capture, and storage of nutrients in their biomass. Tree roots take up different macro and micronutrients from deeper soil strata, which are then released into the top most layer of soil during the decomposition of roots and litter and have a potential utilization in providing nutrients to agricultural crops. As a land management strategy, agroforestry can simultaneously support household income, food security, soil biodiversity
Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on ... more Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on the same unit of land. Horticulture / tree-based agroforestry has been proven as an important tool for crop diversification. Tree and vegetable combination is new horticulture-based alley cropping system which are maintains higher output and also boosts the economic status of the farmers, improves farmers livelihood on a sustainable basis, and provide employment throughout year. The horticulture-based alley cropping systems (agroforestry) combine perennial woody crops and non-woody crops, the vegetables are managed spatially to achieve both economic and environmental benefits of the farming system. The selection of crops is depending upon various factors like agro-climatic and edaphic conditions, crop root system, and water and nutrient requirement pattern and above-ground growth habits. There are several agroforestry systems based on fruit trees is practiced in whole part of the country...
Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on ... more Agroforestry is a branch of science of a combined farming system of trees, crops, and animals on the same unit of land. Horticulture / tree-based agroforestry has been proven as an important tool for crop diversification. Tree and vegetable combination is new horticulture-based alley cropping system which are maintains higher output and also boosts the economic status of the farmers, improves farmers livelihood on a sustainable basis, and provide employment throughout year. The horticulture-based alley cropping systems (agroforestry) combine perennial woody crops and non-woody crops, the vegetables are managed spatially to achieve both economic and environmental benefits of the farming system. The selection of crops is depending upon various factors like agro-climatic and edaphic conditions, crop root system, and water and nutrient requirement pattern and above-ground growth habits. There are several agroforestry systems based on fruit trees is practiced in whole part of the country...
Field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of Urea, KCl, Zn placement and spray on ... more Field experiment was conducted to find out the influence of Urea, KCl, Zn placement and spray on growth of Cowpea crop. Crop during Kharif season 2017 under guava based agri-horti system. The experiment was laid out in simple RBD design and replicated thrice. The treatments were nine. Application of various levels of KCl, Zinc and Urea which significantly increased dry matter production/plant, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of trifoliate/plant, total nodule / plant. Foliar nutrient sprays viz., 2% urea, 2% KCL, 1.5% ZnSO4 Foliar spray treatment with the aqueous solution of nutrients was done to the 15 and 30 DAS of Cowpea crop. Significant increase was recorded in plant height, dry matter production, Maximum growth was recorded when spread with 2% urea spray followed by 2% KCl at flowering and 15 days later is the viable nutrient management package to the Cowpea for getting higher income through higher productivity.
Wheat is a staple food of world, especially of developing countries, which lacks mechanism of zin... more Wheat is a staple food of world, especially of developing countries, which lacks mechanism of zinc absorption, compared to pulses, more intention is therefore necessary to be given for the same. Micronutrient, zinc, deficiency affects one third population of world. Although it is not integral part like nitrogen, phosphorus and potash but recent arised deficiencies in soil, plants and of course in human beings ranged a bell of danger. Improper and imbalanced application of fertilizers, especially of N, P, and K lack of awareness among farmers about zinc and its application and prospects, are some major primary factors that prevent its application. Besides, this, it is also important for growth and development of plant and animals. Application of zinc is therefore necessary in wheat through different sources that are compatible for particular soil, management and its availability.
Assessment of floristic diversity provides basis for devising suitable strategies for conservatio... more Assessment of floristic diversity provides basis for devising suitable strategies for conservation of the plant resources. Accordingly a study was conducted to understand the floristic diversity of dry temperate and alpine region of Kinnaur under different forest groups/types/sub-types. Out of 140 species 4 families belonging to trees, 11 shrubs, 25 herbs, 11 grasses and 2 ferns were encountered during the sampling of vegetation.  Among trees species Pinaceae; among shrubs Berberidaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae; among herbs Asteraceae,  Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae and among grasses Poaceae were the dominant families. Among the total plant species recorded from the area 8 species viz  Betula utilis, Juniperus communis, J indica, J macropoda, Rhododendron campanulatum, Picrorhiza kurroa, Bergenia stracheyi and Ephedra gerardiana fell in the category of threatened species.
Iodine, one of the most important essential nutrient elements for human health and is an essentia... more Iodine, one of the most important essential nutrient elements for human health and is an essential component of the thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronin). Human body cannot synthesize iodine itself. Thus, the people depend on food materials for their iodine requirement. The present work was under taken to study the amount of iodine present in the most common consuming food vegetables, generally grown in district Varanasi and distributed form certain randomly selected vegetable markets of Varanasi. In addition, correlation of coefficient between iodine content of soil with vegetables were analyzed. The mean iodine concentration in the vegetables of Varanasi was 4.25 mg kg. The iodine content in leafy vegetable spinach was found highest and lowest in fruit vegetable, brinjal. The iodine content in tested vegetables was in order, spinach > radish > cabbage > carrot > brinjal. Its content in Ramnagar vegetables was highest followed by Kashividyapith, Pandeypur, Lan...
International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2019
Lady bird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata is a predator in the nature on different soft body in... more Lady bird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata is a predator in the nature on different soft body insect in different crops. This beetle is beneficial for farmers as bio control agents but in nature, it population being affected by Alcaerorrhynchus grandis which is act as a predator on larval and pupal stages. It is a sting bug that sucks the body just of this insect. In Coccinella septumpunctata, 50 per cent population of grub and 100 per cent population of pupa was show predatory effect were noticed at 15th SW.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2017
Adequate and sustainable access to income and resources such asadequate access to food, potable w... more Adequate and sustainable access to income and resources such asadequate access to food, potable water, health facilities, and education to meet basic needs is livelihood. Sustaining livelihood is most serious challenge faced by policy and decision-makers in current scenario. In this context land-use options that sustain livelihood security and reduce vulnerability to climate and environmental change are necessary. Agroforestry can play a major role in bringing the desired level of diversification along with sustainability. Agroforestry has the potential to provide food security and help to poverty reduction along with its contribution to environment security viz. soil conservation, carbon sequestration are highly important. Traditional farming and their management such as agro-forestry practices may potentially provide options to enhance livelihoods through simultaneous production of food, fodder and firewood as well as reduce of the impact of climate change.
International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2017
The function and relevance of soils in agro-ecosystems has been recognized in the context of sust... more The function and relevance of soils in agro-ecosystems has been recognized in the context of sustainable management, soil quality, soil resilience or soil conservation and protection of local or regional agro-ecosystem. NRM involves the concept of using, improving, and restoring the productive capacity and life support processes of soil. Agroforestry have the potential to improve soil properties viz.: soil structure, micro aggregates, soil water retention and transmission properties, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, soil organic matter content and transformation, nutrient supplying capacity, soil pH, rooting depth, soil biodiversity, soil fauna and microbial activity. Agroforestry includes any system where trees are deliberately planted or encourage on land where crops are grown or animals grazed. Present investigation indicate that agroroforesty system including silvorable agroforestry, hedgerow intercropping, mixed and zoned agroforestry and many other agroforestry practices are positvely contributed for controling of soil erosion, maintainance of soil organic matter, improving physical and other biological properties of soil. So there is a considerable potential for soil conservation through agroforestry, both in control of erosion and by other means of maintaining soil fertility. This potential applies to many agroforestry practices and over a wide range of climatic zones and soil types which is the main aim of this investigation.
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