Papers by Panagiotis Vakalopoulos
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
Ampelia area is a newly discovered area with geothermal interest and no surface manifestations (h... more Ampelia area is a newly discovered area with geothermal interest and no surface manifestations (hidden resource). It is located in Farsala basin and belongs to the Enipeas graben. The geothermal anomaly is related with the E-W trending faults, which mainly control the basin development and the NNW-SSE trending faults of the area. The temperature values from the deep water boreholes (>200m depth) range from 20 to 41oC. The chemical composition of the studied groundwater samples varies in all chemical parameters. Most of the samples have affected by shallow cold aquifers (high E.C. and NO3- values). The most representative samples (T > 30oC) are from the deepest boreholes (hydrochemical type Na-HCO3), which cut the fractured crystalline basement, i.e. limestones, flysch and ophiolitic rocks. They present the highest pH values (pH > 8) and the lowest E.C. compared with the rest of the samples. Their Ni and Cr concentrations are very low, indicating that the groundwater is noti...
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Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
In Edipsos area many hot springs occur, as a result of both active tectonic of the area and recen... more In Edipsos area many hot springs occur, as a result of both active tectonic of the area and recent volcanism (Lichades volcanic center). A geochemical study of Edipsos hot groundwaters was undertaken, in order to assess the hydrochemistry of hot springs from Edipsos and re-evaluate the geothermal situation of the area. For that purpose, 12 water samples were collected and analyzed by Spectrophotometry for the main ions and by AAS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS for major and trace elements. The interpretation of the analytical data showed that the geochemistry of Edipsos hot groundwaters is controlled by three factors i) a deep magmatic source, ii) the chemical composition of the local rocks (ultramafic and carbonates) and iii) sea water. The application of chemical geothermometers is problematic because of the chemical composition of the hot groundwaters and especially the high participation of the sea water. The temperature which derives from the use of Na-K-Ca geothermometer is greater than ...
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International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2020
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Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2020+1, Reykjavik, Iceland, April - October 2021, 2021
The Lithotopos-Iraklia low enthalpy geothermal field is located in the NW part of the Strymon bas... more The Lithotopos-Iraklia low enthalpy geothermal field is located in the NW part of the Strymon basin (Macedonia, Northern Greece) between Lake Kerkini and the small city of Iraklia. Ten exploration boreholes (Li-1 to Li-10) and one large-diameter exploration well (Li-1P) were drilled by I.G.M.E. in the period 1982-1983 and 2000 respectively, demarcating an area of about 45 km2 , which was officially characterized as 'probable low temperature geothermal field'. The temperatures of 40-62oC were measured at depths of 200-433m. During 2013-2018, a systematic and multidisciplinary geothermal exploration was conducted by I.G.M.E. This geothermal project was divided into two main stages: (I) At first, a preliminary study was performed aiming at the definition of the locations of new production wells and included (i) collection and critical review of the existing geological, structural and drilling data, (ii) water temperature measurements, (iii) water sample collection and chemical analysis, (iv) soil gas (CO2 and Rn) measurements and (v) geophysical surveys (TEM). (II) The appraisal study was the next development phase and included (i) drilling activities and construction of four production wells, (ii) borehole temperature measurements, (iii) assessment of thermal conditions, (iv) logging surveys, (v) pumping tests, (vi) determination of production capacity of wells, (vii) evaluation of hydraulic characteristics of the geothermal reservoir, (viii) distribution of productive aquifers, (ix) temperature and pressure distribution, (x) reservoir engineering and modeling approach, (xi) delineation of production and re-injection areas, (xii) water and gas sampling and analysis, (xiii) fluid geochemistry and geothermometry and (xiv) evaluation of scaling and corrosion potential of fluids. The obtained data is used to confirm the existence of geothermal resources suitable for future exploitation. Geothermal waters of up to 75oC are hosted in sands, sandstones, conglomerates, breccias and fractured metamorphic basement. The new production wells, 352.5-519.5m deep, yield waters of 37.5-74.5oC. The flow rates range between 5 and 80 m3/h depending on lithology, aquifer properties and screen depths. The produced geothermal waters with TDS values of 0.55-1.32 g/l belong to the Na-HCO3 type. The total installed thermal capacity from the existing production wells is estimated to be 4.47 MWt.
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Papers by Panagiotis Vakalopoulos