Green Certificate quale strumento innovativo per la diffusione delle fonti di energia rinnovabili
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I risultati positivi che il nostro Paese ha conseguito nello sviluppo della green energy negli scorsi anni sono imputabili, in quota parte, alle politiche incentivanti che hanno caratterizzato il settore delle fer (fonti di energia... more
I risultati positivi che il nostro Paese ha conseguito nello sviluppo della green energy negli scorsi anni sono imputabili, in quota parte, alle politiche incentivanti che hanno caratterizzato il settore delle fer (fonti di energia rinnovabili) e, in particolare, del fotovoltaico. Tuttavia, nel 2013, si e registrato un significativo crollo, a seguito della eliminazione dei contributi di cui il settore ha goduto in passato. Il presente lavoro ha il precipuo obiettivo di analizzare l’attuale scenario normativo e di business del settore fotovoltaico nell’ambito del mercato nazionale delle fer, alla luce degli effetti prodotti dal precedente sistema di incen tivazione, onde valutarne le opportunita di crescita anche in assenza dei suddetti strumenti di sostegno. .
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to map and analyse the state of the art of eco‐energy labelling and its potential as a fundamental component in the transition process towards eco‐sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA detailed... more
PurposeThe aim of this paper is to map and analyse the state of the art of eco‐energy labelling and its potential as a fundamental component in the transition process towards eco‐sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA detailed scenario of trends in eco‐energy labelling systems, both on an international and European Union scale are outlined, followed by identification and analysis of the key representative experiences. Subsequently, the main constraints that limit their full potential as a benchmark and tool of improved customer communication for environmental sustainability have been highlighted and critically analysed.FindingsThe full implementation of eco‐energy labelling, as a authentic driving force in sustainability building processes, requires the elimination of the critical factors identified. Therefore, standardisation of benchmarking methodologies, based on improved customer information mechanisms regarding qualitative and quantitative indicators, need to implemented. A strong commitment on the part of all participants involved, to define a multi‐level framework, capable of promoting a recognised international rating scheme in needed.Practical implicationsThe most significant implications regard the attempt to classify and coordinate all the information concerning instruments, initiatives, policies and strategies related to eco‐sustainability.Originality/valueThe paper is a contribution towards pinpointing the current fragmented scenario of eco‐energy labelling tools with the aim of re‐conducting them into a coherent and more functional whole.
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In recent years, attention to the circular economy (CE) has grown considerably and it is now recognised as a model capable of overtaking the current linear economy of unsustainable production and consumption. Organisations have started to... more
In recent years, attention to the circular economy (CE) has grown considerably and it is now recognised as a model capable of overtaking the current linear economy of unsustainable production and consumption. Organisations have started to implement circular practices to transition towards this sustainable business model and to disclose CE performance to their stakeholders. In this context, the integrated report serves as a suitable tool to provide a holistic representation of how CE could impact the companies' ability to create value over time. The relevance of this model has prompted various scholars to examine CE disclosure. However, only some studies have investigated this topic in the integrated reporting (IR) context. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have examined how corporate governance mechanisms can affect the amount of CE information disseminated through the integrated reports. By applying the lens of stakeholder‐agency theory, this study aims to fill this important gap by analysing the effect of the characteristics of the corporate governance mechanisms on the level of CE disclosure within the integrated reports. The analysis, conducted using a sample of 124 European companies, indicates a positive impact of the board size, board gender diversity and the presence of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee on the level of CE disclosure within the integrated reports.
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La transizione verso un’economia sostenibile ed efficace nell’uso delle risorse naturali ha effetti positivi anche nel mercato del lavoro in quanto potenzialmente in grado di creare nuova occupazione di qualità nonché di trasformare... more
La transizione verso un’economia sostenibile ed efficace nell’uso delle risorse naturali ha effetti positivi anche nel mercato del lavoro in quanto potenzialmente in grado di creare nuova occupazione di qualità nonché di trasformare quella esistente in posti di lavoro green nei settori più tradizionali come nei nuovi settori verdi e lungo l’intera catena del valore: dalla ricerca alla produzione e dalla distribuzione alla manutenzione. Si tratta dei cosiddetti green jobs definiti dall’UNEP “quelle occupazioni nei settori dell’agricoltura, del manifatturiero, nell’ambito della ricerca e dello sviluppo, dell’amministrazione e dei servizi che contribuiscono in maniera incisiva a preservare o restaurare la qualità ambientale”
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The global nature of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the related local effects of such emissions, pose a wide array of challenges.Action is needed to tackle the issue ranging from measurement and assessment to monitoring and reporting... more
The global nature of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the related local effects of such emissions, pose a wide array of challenges.Action is needed to tackle the issue ranging from measurement and assessment to monitoring and reporting environmental performance, at a global, national, organizational and even product scale. Such challenges have a common goal: carbon accounting, an emerging and rapidly evolving research and experimental field. The aim of this paper is to map and analyze the state of the art in the area of carbon accounting and reporting to devise a systematic framework relative to the diverse initiatives. It propose to delineate a detailed scenario of the various experiences in carbon accounting with particular reference to the most significant experience in carbon accounting and reporting: the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the Carbon Disclosure Project. Future directions and challenges relative to dealing with climate change to support environmental sustainability based on ...
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I recenti orientamenti di politica energetica internazionale e comunitaria sono a volti a favorire una maggiore sostenibilità del sistema energetico attraverso l’implementazione di un articolato ventaglio di azioni, politiche e misure... more
I recenti orientamenti di politica energetica internazionale e comunitaria sono a volti a favorire una maggiore sostenibilità del sistema energetico attraverso l’implementazione di un articolato ventaglio di azioni, politiche e misure tese a conciliare una molteplicità di obiettivi. Fra questi, un ruolo centrale rivestono la ricerca di una crescente sicurezza e diversificazione degli approvvigionamenti, la riduzione delle emissioni di anidride carbonica e la maggiore efficienza energetica, attraverso l’affermazione di un nuovo paradigma energetico orientato alla decarbonizzazione e dematerializzazione dell’economia. Di recente, l’attenzione dei policy maker e del mondo imprenditoriale è rivolta alle opportunità che possono scaturire dall’adozione dei Sistemi di Gestione dell’Energia (SGE), tesi a valutare, comunicare e certificare le performance energetiche delle organizzazioni. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di delineare, anche alla luce dell’analisi della letteratura esistente, lo stato dell’arte e le dinamiche evolutive in tema di Sistemi di Gestione dell’Energia. L’analisi critica della ISO 50001:2011– “Energy management systems – Requirements with guidance for use” sarà oggetto di un successivo lavoro (Nota 2)
La crescente penetrazione della tecnologia fotovoltaica nei mercati energetici esige un profondo ripensamento delle modalità di gestione della fase end of life della filiera, al fine di favorire l’affermazione di paradigmi energetici... more
La crescente penetrazione della tecnologia fotovoltaica nei mercati energetici esige un profondo ripensamento delle modalità di gestione della fase end of life della filiera, al fine di favorire l’affermazione di paradigmi energetici improntati a una maggiore sostenibilità economica, ambientale e social
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A solution for making production and consumption patterns more sustainable lies in new products and services capable of shifting the current relationships between resources-consumption-waste and the creation of economic values.... more
A solution for making production and consumption patterns more sustainable lies in new products and services capable of shifting the current relationships between resources-consumption-waste and the creation of economic values. Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) goals and actions are powerful levers in accelerating the transition to an eco-efficient economy and transforming the environmental and social challenges into business and employment opportunities. The Life Cycle Management Approach (LCM) is an integrated framework of concepts, tools, techniques and procedures addressing environmental, economic, technological and social aspects of products and services able to implement SCP models. It is a relatively new approach in business planning and management improving decision making, integrating environmental and social sustainability with economic efficiency, identifying mutual opportunities among companies at different stages in the product/service life cycle. This paper focuses on how the change process is possible through the implementation of several existing tools and practices related to the LCM approach, highlighting constrains and opportunities in making Sustainable Consumption and Production a lasting reality
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The aim of this study is to outline from a critical perspective, the state of the art of policy makers in Italy concerning energy efficiency measures in public administration and the main issues impeding the achievement of its full... more
The aim of this study is to outline from a critical perspective, the state of the art of policy makers in Italy concerning energy efficiency measures in public administration and the main issues impeding the achievement of its full potential. We also analyze the driving forces for implementing systems and tools to improve energy efficiency. The European Union Directive (2012/27/EU) recently adopted in Italy gives the public administration the task of promoting energy efficiency at national level by defining and implementing policies and measures aimed at improving energy performance
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Nell’ambito delle molteplici iniziative in tema di promozione dell’efficienza energetica, un autorevole contributo è stato offerto dall’ISO, che ha emanato la norma ISO 50001:2011, uno strumento in grado di offrire alle organizzazioni... more
Nell’ambito delle molteplici iniziative in tema di promozione dell’efficienza energetica, un autorevole contributo è stato offerto dall’ISO, che ha emanato la norma ISO 50001:2011, uno strumento in grado di offrire alle organizzazioni percorsi per una gestione efficiente dell’energia. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è l’analisi critica dello standard ISO 50001:2011, uno strumento dalle notevoli potenzialità per il miglioramento dell’efficienza energetica dal quale può discendere una ottimizzazione nell’uso delle risorse e, dunque, un miglioramento delle performance, con effetti positivi sulla ecoinnovazione e sulla capacità di competere delle organizzazioni
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The outcome of the recent reform of the electric energy sector in Italy has resulted in development in terms of completing the process of full liberalisation and market competitiveness, through “electricity derivatives”. With widespread... more
The outcome of the recent reform of the electric energy sector in Italy has resulted in development in terms of completing the process of full liberalisation and market competitiveness, through “electricity derivatives”. With widespread use of these financial tools, operators will be able, above all, to deal efficaciously with risks connected to high price variability of electricity. The present paper aims to analyse the future role of the innovative “parallel” financial market of electricity derivatives, to national level
The purpose of this work is to analyze the developmental dynamics that have led to the current approaches to recognition, validation, and certification of competencies. It therefore describes the principal reference standards and policies... more
The purpose of this work is to analyze the developmental dynamics that have led to the current approaches to recognition, validation, and certification of competencies. It therefore describes the principal reference standards and policies in Europe and Italy that have contributed to the development of the overall conceptual picture regarding the training and development of human capital
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Over the last few years, companies in the fashion system have to interpret the global challenges of sustainability and seize the opportunities offered by greater attention to environmental and social aspects. This through the adoption of... more
Over the last few years, companies in the fashion system have to interpret the global challenges of sustainability and seize the opportunities offered by greater attention to environmental and social aspects. This through the adoption of management models responsible for the whole of the value chain and tools for the integration of ethics, aesthetics and economy of the supply chain. The aim of this paper is to delineate efficient ways of promoting appropriate ‘small business responsibility’, considering specific profiles and needs of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the fashion industry
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Obiettivo del presente contributo è quello di analizzare il tema della valorizzazione delle risorse umane e del work life balance, attraverso la lente della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa, alla luce dell’emergente paradigma... more
Obiettivo del presente contributo è quello di analizzare il tema della valorizzazione delle risorse umane e del work life balance, attraverso la lente della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa, alla luce dell’emergente paradigma identificabile nella Corporate Family Responsibility. Quest’ultimo vede nei dispositivi di welfare aziendale un elemento fondante per l’affermazione di un innovato modello di gestione delle risorse umane, della cultura e dei processi aziendali, in un’ottica di pari opportunità. Infatti, pur nella consapevolezza della necessità che le politiche di work life balance travalichino il ristretto alveo dell’universo femminile, non si può sottacere il potente contributo che sono in grado di offrire alla soluzione del gap di genere. Le organizzazioni che impiegano soluzioni organizzative flessibili, realizzando modalità di scambio tra sfera professionale e privata, esprimono forme di collaborazione sinergica tra lavoratori/lavoratrici ed esigenze imprenditoriali. Si sviluppa, dunque, uno spazio di co-responsabilizzazione e di irrobustimento della relazione individuo-organizzazione che non può che influire positivamente sulla valorizzazione delle risorse umane: un asset sempre più strategico e una delle principali fonti di vantaggio competitivo
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PurposeThis paper investigates circular economy communications and stakeholder dialogic engagement with circular economy posts published by European agri-food companies on Twitter from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the... more
PurposeThis paper investigates circular economy communications and stakeholder dialogic engagement with circular economy posts published by European agri-food companies on Twitter from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the use of social media as a dialogic tool to activate circular economy engagement in order to involve all supply-chain actors on the route to a circular transition.Design/methodology/approachA coding framework based on the reclassification of the Glossary of Circular Economy, according to a 4-R paradigm (reduce, reuse, recycle and recover), was developed for the analysis. All tweets published by a sample of European agri-food companies, starting from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic until data extraction, were collected, purified and analysed.FindingsAgri-food companies showed a higher level of engagement through social media, even if mainly focused on “recycling” and “general circular economy” issues. In general, awareness among social network users...
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a scenario analysis on the experts’ perceptions of benefits and barriers related to adopting digital technologies for the life cycle assessment (LCA) to catalyse a circular economy transition in the... more
Purpose This paper aims to develop a scenario analysis on the experts’ perceptions of benefits and barriers related to adopting digital technologies for the life cycle assessment (LCA) to catalyse a circular economy transition in the agri-food system. Methods A literature review was performed to identify LCA’s digital technologies that can be implemented within the agri-food system. Furthermore, an in-depth interview with a panel of senior researchers was conducted to establish a set of items and assess the perceived benefits and barriers associated with an “empowered LCA”, i.e. a future-oriented LCA based on digital technologies. To this end, a two-stage exploratory factor analysis relying on the principal component analysis technique was carried out to refine the set of items. Finally, a covariance-based structural equation model was performed, built on a confirmatory factor analysis, to test the measurement model. Results and discussion The study’s findings provide five construct...
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In recent decades, the business world has demonstrated a strong commitment to preventing and reducing the environmental impact of its production activities as well as improving its ethical and social performance. In particular, the paper... more
In recent decades, the business world has demonstrated a strong commitment to preventing and reducing the environmental impact of its production activities as well as improving its ethical and social performance. In particular, the paper industry, like other basic industries, has made considerable efforts to innovate processes and reorganise its activities in order to improve the use of resources, social and environmental aspects and achieve increasingly high economic performance. In addition, some organizations in the sector have established relations with their stakeholders in order to implement and ensure a strategic corporate approach aimed at creating social value for the territory. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how the involvement of organizations is necessary to “build” lasting sustainability as it is able to integrate growth into competitiveness, environmental protection and social development. This is due to the extraordinary synergies that can result from the structured adoption of paths marked by sustainability and the promotion of local dynamics oriented to development. We then analysed the systems, management tools and sustainability standards adopted by the Sada Group. The company has always been oriented towards pursuing management models capable of generating social value (together with economic value) at a systemic level (the so-called shared value). This was done in order to explore the opportunities and the main critical elements that derive from a strategic drive towards improving one's performance in a holistic approach
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The study investigates, besides innovative trends, the state of the art in certification processes and the main regulatory references and policies which in a European context have contributed to delineating the complex conceptual... more
The study investigates, besides innovative trends, the state of the art in certification processes and the main regulatory references and policies which in a European context have contributed to delineating the complex conceptual framework underpinning the training and enhancement of human capital. Our analysis of the certification of skills in Italy starts from a survey inherent to the university system as a whole with a focus on the Diploma Supplement (DS) part of a European initiative that unites in a systematic and efficacious manner, training and employment circuits. The article examines the extent to which the DS has contributed to the interaction between training and employment supply chains by means of a survey carried out at the University of Salerno relative to the knowledge and use of the DS on the part of graduates in the academic year 2013-2014. In particular, our analysis pivots on two elements, one of a descriptive nature, in terms of the characteristics of the students interviewed and the other more specific, i.e. the appraisal of the tool with respect to its usefulness in meeting the challenges set by the labour market
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Recent International and EU energy policies are committed to new and more widespread renewable energy sources as well as to energy saving and energy efficiency. Initiatives have been launched in several countries and different tools... more
Recent International and EU energy policies are committed to new and more widespread renewable energy sources as well as to energy saving and energy efficiency. Initiatives have been launched in several countries and different tools implemented to improve technological, economic and environmental performance in the energy chain. In Italy, legislation deregulating the electricity and gas sectors has introduced the White Certificates trading mechanism to promote, on the one hand, energy efficiency investments and, on the other hand, the growth of an energy services market. The paper analyses, from a comparative perspective, Italy’s commitment to EU energy policies focused on creating a competitive internal energy market offering quality service at low prices, developing renewable energy sources, reducing dependence on imported fuels and implementing energy efficiency tools, safeguarding the environment. The strengths and limits of the Italian White Certificates mechanism will be exami...
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For some time now, the training and valorisation of human capital has served as a fulcrum in the strategies of the European Union, in light of its key role in the knowledge economy. Nowadays, the term competence refers to the accumulated... more
For some time now, the training and valorisation of human capital has served as a fulcrum in the strategies of the European Union, in light of its key role in the knowledge economy. Nowadays, the term competence refers to the accumulated outcomes of a variety of learning paths undertaken throughout people's lives. This paper presents a 'traceability' system which uses the ontologies in order to assist universities in the mid-to-long term mapping of the competences acquired by its human capital and to verify that the latter is correctly placed in the job market.
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Sustainability is a complex phenomenon that refers to economic, environmental, and social aspects. Any concept of sustainable urban development must incorporate sectoral concepts; these must be well integrated into the overarching urban,... more
Sustainability is a complex phenomenon that refers to economic, environmental, and social aspects. Any concept of sustainable urban development must incorporate sectoral concepts; these must be well integrated into the overarching urban, regional, and governance policies. One sectoral policy of great importance is the redevelopment processes of disused industrial areas into Sustainable Industrial Areas (AIS), Ecologically Equipped Productive Areas (APEA), or Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP). These territories, as socioeconomic systems that are being observed in the framework of the development of sustainability monitoring, are complex objects for evaluation due to the presence of a large number of interconnections between the constituent elements and hierarchical levels (sectors and spheres). For this reason, it is necessary that a new interpretation of economical, natural, and social phenomena, following a systemic and integrated approach, is able to reinterpret them for the disseminatio...
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PurposeThis paper investigates the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated service innovation in the restaurant sector. It explores the use of digital technologies (DT) as a safety-empowerment and resilient strategy in the... more
PurposeThis paper investigates the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated service innovation in the restaurant sector. It explores the use of digital technologies (DT) as a safety-empowerment and resilient strategy in the food-service industry during the pandemic. It also investigates the impact of DT on customers' risk perception (CRP) and customers' intention to go to restaurants (CIR) in Italy.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theory of planned behaviour and perceived risk theory, this study investigates a sample of customers residing in Italy. Multiple regression and mediation analyses are conducted to test the research hypotheses, adapting the logic model developed. Using the bootstrapping technique, this study also explores whether the pandemic has moderated the relationship among several variables adapted from the literature. Robustness tests are also performed to corroborate the analysis.FindingsThe pandemic has accelerated the food-service indus...
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Managing urban growth has become one of the most important challenges of the 21st century, because the world's rapid urban concentration can aggravate environmental problems that lead to unsustainable patterns of energy and other... more
Managing urban growth has become one of the most important challenges of the 21st century, because the world's rapid urban concentration can aggravate environmental problems that lead to unsustainable patterns of energy and other resource consumption. The cement industry, that contributes about 5% to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, may become a key player in achieving a green world economy because of its close links with construction and housing, domains in continuaI growth due to the urbanization of many areas. The world cement industry is promoting production and product eco-innovation in order to reduce its environmental footprint and to implement policies and practices for a sustainable built environment. Currently, in cement and concrete manufacturing there is an urgent need to identify pathways towards wider sustainability by reducing harmful emissions, particularly CO2, to promote energy and eco-efficiency, and to improve environmental product performance. The aim of ...
The effect of transport on the environment is one of the major problems worldwide. Among the most impacting sectors, the transport one accounts for 24% of the total emissions and for 33% of the total energy consumption. Road transports... more
The effect of transport on the environment is one of the major problems worldwide. Among the most impacting sectors, the transport one accounts for 24% of the total emissions and for 33% of the total energy consumption. Road transports are the most used in the world, above 70 %. This kind of transport required up to 75% of the energy demand in the transport sector. In the recent year a new kind of transport is spreading, the electric mobility by offering a major opportunity to solve the negative effect of vehicles generally used for the transports by road. Some electric vehicles have a negative impact particularly in the production and using step, it depends on the type of electricity that is utilized. This study asses the impacts on environment, human health and resource scarcity of electricity coming from different sources (coal, peat, lignite, diesel, natural gas, hydropower, wind, municipal waste incineration, photovoltaic and biomass) by means of Life Cycle Thinking approach. From the Life Cycle Assessment results that lignite was the most impacting for the human health, hydropower for ecosystems and diesel for the resource scarcity. Instead, the more sustainable electricity energies were the ones coming from wind and biomass. The analysis of production cost pointed out that natural gas is the cheaper sources while photovoltaic the more expensive one.
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La transizione verso un’economia sostenibile ed efficace nell’uso delle risorse naturali ha effetti positivi anche nel mercato del lavoro in quanto potenzialmente in grado di creare nuova occupazione di qualità nonché di trasformare... more
La transizione verso un’economia sostenibile ed efficace nell’uso delle risorse naturali ha effetti positivi anche nel mercato del lavoro in quanto potenzialmente in grado di creare nuova occupazione di qualità nonché di trasformare quella esistente in posti di lavoro green nei settori più tradizionali come nei nuovi settori verdi e lungo l’intera catena del valore: dalla ricerca alla produzione e dalla distribuzione alla manutenzione. Si tratta dei cosiddetti green jobs definiti dall’UNEP “quelle occupazioni nei settori dell’agricoltura, del manifatturiero, nell’ambito della ricerca e dello sviluppo, dell’amministrazione e dei servizi che contribuiscono in maniera incisiva a preservare o restaurare la qualità ambientale”
Lo sviluppo territoriale mira a soddisfare bisogni umani diversi e in crescita: dalla produzione di beni alle esigenze abitative, manifatturiere ed energetiche. Scopo del lavoro è quello di analizzare lo stato di realizzazione... more
Lo sviluppo territoriale mira a soddisfare bisogni umani diversi e in crescita: dalla produzione di beni alle esigenze abitative, manifatturiere ed energetiche. Scopo del lavoro è quello di analizzare lo stato di realizzazione dell'APEA sul territorio nazionale, al fine di comprendere i reali benefici delle aree di produzione gestite attraverso standard innovativi di eco-efficienza e garantire un sistema di gestione integrato degli aspetti ambiental
As a safety-empowerment strategy, technology innovation is likely to play a pivotal role in the restaurant sector’s recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. However, its impact on customers’ perceptions is still unexplored in the literature.... more
As a safety-empowerment strategy, technology innovation is likely to play a pivotal role in the restaurant sector’s recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. However, its impact on customers’ perceptions is still unexplored in the literature. To fill this gap, this research attempts to provide an innovative contribution to the existing literature by investigating the relationship between customers’ safety perception (CSP) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the restaurant sector during the coronavirus pandemic period. Drawing upon a sample of customers resident in the Campania region, the research provides early evidence about the positive impact exerted by ICT on CSP. More specifically, our findings show that the use of ICT, on the one hand, should reduce customers’expected interactions. On the other hand, enhance the level of expected cleanliness. Accordingly, academics and restaurant managers can rely on these results to implement resilience strategies. Results may b...
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The Italian paper and pulp industry occupies an important role in the domestic sector for turnover, number of firms, workers and exported goods. Its core activities include the production of several types of paper goods characterized by... more
The Italian paper and pulp industry occupies an important role in the domestic sector for turnover, number of firms, workers and exported goods. Its core activities include the production of several types of paper goods characterized by high consumption of water and energy sources and, consequently, by a negative impact on the environment. As a result, the sector is called upon to deal with the complex, managerial challenge of designing a new productive paradigm which by means of the diffusion of advanced, high efficiency technologies in the use of material and energy resources with a low environmental impact, will enable firms to improve their economic, energy and environmental performance. The study, analysing the specific characteristics of the paper and pulp industry, highlights the main factors underpinning the trends which in recent decades, have favoured technological innovation to reduce energy intensity and to promote ecoefficiency in productive processes