Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ)

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Operations Research and Applications but are not limited to, the following :

The present paper deals with the development of a fuzzy inventory model of deteriorating items under power demand rate and inventory level dependent holding cost function. The deterioration rate, demand rate, holding cost and unit cost are considered as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Both the crisp model and fuzzy model are developed in this paper. The graded mean integration method(GM) and signed distance method(SD) are used to defuzzify the total cost of the present model. Both the models are illustrated by suitable numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis for the optimal solution towards changes in the system parameters are discussed. Lastly a graphical presentation is furnished to compare the total costs under the above two mentioned methods in the fuzzy model.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Public investment effectiveness in Peru remains low for decades, even with investment growth and
technical quality improvement. Management approach is often considered as fixed and is not subject to
study or change. This analysis goes deep in understanding how is the current public investment
management approach, and compares it with deterministic and systemic approaches, concluding with a
precise characterization and generating an improvement agenda in order to suggest changes that increase effectiveness and therefore contribute to a better quality of life of the population in Peru.

5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (MEN 2022) will provide an
excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology
and applications impacts and challenges of Mechanical Engineering. The conference
documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for
the development of Mechanical Engineering.

International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (CITE 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Information Technology. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Computer Science and Information Technology in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to:

7th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ME 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of all Engineering fields. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of all Engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Engineering.

will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of all Engineering fields. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of all Engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Engineering.

7th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ME 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Mechanical Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Mechanical Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

6
th International Conference on Trends in Mechanical Engineering (MECE 2022) will
provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory,
methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Mechanical Engineering. The
conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution
for the development of Mechanical Engineering

Public investment effectiveness in Peru remains low for decades, even with investment growth and
technical quality improvement. Management approach is often considered as fixed and is not subject to
study or change. This analysis goes deep in understanding how is the current public investment
management approach, and compares it with deterministic and systemic approaches, concluding with a
precise characterization and generating an improvement agenda in order to suggest changes that increase effectiveness and therefore contribute to a better quality of life of the population in Peru.

Scope 6th International Conference on Trends in Mechanical Engineering (MEC 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Mechanical Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Mechanical Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field, Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Mechanical Engineering, but are not limited to.

SCOPE 5 th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ELEN 2022) aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on recent systems and techniques in the broad field of Electrical Engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Electrical Engineering. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the following areas, but are not limited to.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ELEN 2022) aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on recent systems and techniques in the broad field of Electrical Engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Electrical Engineering.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Operations Research and Applications

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

The research project of the World Journal Clout Index Catalogue (2020 STM) is supported by China Association for Science and Technology. The project team consists of the evaluation and research departments of China Academic Journals (CD Edition) Electronic Publishing House Co., Ltd., Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Tsinghua University Library, Society of China University Journals, and Wanfang Data Co., Ltd.

5th International Conference on Advances in Engineering (AE 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of all Engineering fields. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the
development of all Engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Engineering.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Operations Research and Applications: An International Journal (ORAJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Operations Research and innovative Applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of Operations Research, applications and Implementation techniques. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Operations Research and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Operations Research and Applications but are not limited to, the following

This paper is concerned with new method to find the fuzzy optimal solution of fully fuzzy bi-level non-linear (quadratic) programming (FFBLQP) problems where all the coefficients and decision variables of both objective functions and the constraints are triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN s). A new method is based on decomposed the given problem into bi-level problem with three crisp quadratic objective functions and bounded variables constraints. In order to often a fuzzy optimal solution of the FFBLQP problems, the concept of tolerance membership function is used to develop a fuzzy max-min decision model for generating satisfactory fuzzy solution for FFBLQP problems in which the upper-level decision maker (ULDM) specifies his/her objective functions and decisions with possible tolerances which are described by membership functions of fuzzy set theory. Then, the lower-level decision maker (LLDM) uses this preference information for ULDM and solves his/her problem subject to the ULDM s restrictions. Finally, the decomposed method is illustrated by numerical example.

We give a modified version of a heuristic, available in the relevant literature, of the capacitated facility location problem. A numerical experiment is performed to compare the two heuristics. The study would help to design heuristics for different generalizations of the problem.

In the present paper we present a new method for solving a class of single stage single constraints linear fractional programming (LFP) problem. The proposed method is based on transformation the objective value and the constraints also. After reducing the fractional program in to equivalent linear program with the help of transformation technique, after that we apply Simplex method to find objective value. Numerical examples are constructed to show the applicability of the above technique

We give a modified version of a heuristic, available in the relevant literature, of the capacitated facility location problem. A numerical experiment is performed to compare the two heuristics. The study would help to design heuristics for different generalizations of the problem.

This paper presents a lognormal ordinary kriging (LOK) metamodel algorithm and its application to optimize a stochastic simulation problem. Kriging models have been developed as an interpolation method in geology. They have been successfully used for the deterministic simulation optimization (SO) problem. In recent years, kriging metamodeling has attracted a growing interest with stochastic problems. SO researchers have begun using ordinary kriging through global optimization in stochastic systems. The goals of this study are to present LOK metamodel algorithm and to analyze the result of the application step-by-step. The results show that LOK is a powerful alternative metamodel in simulation optimization when the data are too skewed.

All observations don't have equal significance in regression analysis. Diagnostics of observations is an important aspect of model building. In this paper, we use diagnostics method to detect residuals and influential points in nonlinear regression for repeated measurement data. Cook distance and Gauss newton method have been proposed to identify the outliers in nonlinear regression analysis and parameter estimation. Most of these techniques based on graphical representations of residuals, hat matrix and case deletion measures. The results show us detection of single and multiple outliers cases in repeated measurement data. We use these techniques to explore performance of residuals and influence in nonlinear regression model.

Agriculture is the main contribution to the rural economy of Sri Lanka. This study is carried on finding optimal land allocation for cultivation using goal programming approach. Five crops namely Cowpea, Black gram, Finger Millet, Maize and Soya Bean were selected to the study. This land allocation is for Anuradhapura District since it is the major agricultural district in Sri Lanka. Preemptive Goal Programming method is used in finding the optimal land allocation. Three goals are considered according to their priorities to seek the optimal solution. MS Excel Solver is used to implement the linear model. The data was collected from Annual Reports of Department of Agriculture. According to the final results obtained by goal programming approach, all five crops are reached their expected production. But the extent in yala(Dry Season) and maha(Rainy Season) season is changed. Overall result shows that new allocation exceeds the production and profit as well as minimizing the production cost. This mathematical model can easily be used on any other crop in any district by changing the variable coefficients and constraint values.

This paper attempts to determine optimal production run time and joint capital investment in setup cost reduction and process quality for production system such that the total cost is minimized. We assumed that the setup cost and process quality are logarithmic function. Main focus for this paper is the setup cost reduction. The proposed model is based on the total cost for the single vendor and single buyer. Then, an algorithm procedure is developed in order to find the optimal solution and numerical example is used to demonstrate the benefits of the model. By logarithmic investment function, the optimal investment for process quality and setup cost reduction investment also are obtained. Our objective is to develop an algorithm to determine the order quantity, setup cost, process quality and number of deliveries simultaneously, so that the total cost incurred is minimum.

This manuscript deals in developing an EOQ model for time deteriorating items and allowing shortages in the inventory. These shortages are considered to be completely backlogged. We have held that the production rate is finite and infinite. In this manuscript, we developed EOQ models for perishable products which consider continuous deterioration of a utility product and introduce an exponential penalty cost and linear penalty cost function. The theoretical expressions are obtained for optimum cycle time and optimum order quantity. The significant centre of our paper is to build up the EOQ model for time-deteriorating items utilizing penalty cost with finite and infinite production rate. The mathematical solution of the model has been done to obtain the optimal solution of the problem. The result is demonstrated with the help of mathematical example. To conclude, sensitivity study is carried out with respect to the key parameters and some managerial implications are also included. All the theoretical developments are numerically justified.

A new Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is used to find exact solutions for the system of Linear Fractional Programming Problem (LFPP) with equality constraints. In best of my knowledge, first time we are going to introduce a new technique using Homotopy for solving LFP problem. The Homotopy Perturbation method (HPM) and factorization technique are used together to build a new method. A new technique is also used to convert LFPP to Linear programming problem (LPP). The results betray that our proposed method is very easy and effective compare to the existing method for solving LFP problems with equality constraints applied in real life situations. To illustrate the proposed method numerical examples are solved and the obtained results are discussed.

This paper presents an imperfect manufacturing system in which production ability can produce items in m production setups and rework the imperfect quality items in one rework setup. Rework is one of the main issues in reverse logistic and green supply chain to reduce production cost and environmental problem. The aim of this research is to minimize the total inventory cost by determining the optimal cycle time and the optimal number of production setups. The convexity of the inventory model is derived by using mathematical software. The result is illustrated with numerical example for the model. The effects of the problem parameters upon the optimal solution are examined numerically. This model can be applied to optimizing the total inventory cost for the business enterprises where production rate and demand rate are time dependent and salvage value is incorporated to the deteriorated items.

In this paper, the authors considered the single vendor single buyer integrated production inventory problem with stochastic demand for an imperfect production process. They relax the assumption that, the lead time is varying linearly with the lot size. That is, the lead time is composed of a lot size dependent run time and constant delay times such as moving, waiting and setup times. A solution procedure is mentioned for solving the proposed model and numerical examples are used to illustrate the benefit of integration. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to explore the effect of key parameter D (demand). A simple procedure is suggested to obtain an approximate solution of the proposed model. Examples are used to illustrate the model and explore the effect of important parameters on the production schedule and total expected cost.

This article develops inventory model for deteriorating items with quadratic demand. Shortages are
allowed. We study the partial delay in payments. The objective is to find the optimal cycle times that
minimize the total cost. In this study first, we developed arithmetical model and procedure of finding the
most favorable solution is developed. Also the solution process is developed in order to minimize the total
cost. The total costs are calculated by various principles. A solution process is developed to find the
optimal solution and statistical examples are presented to demonstrate the result of the proposal model.
Compassion study of the most favorable solution with respect to the parameters of the system is carried out
and recommendations for further research are provided.

Credit Risk prediction is a critical task of any Financial Industry like Banks. Discovering dodger before
giving loan is a momentous and conflict-ridden task of the Banker. Classification techniques can be used to
find the claimant, whether he/she is a cheat or an unpretentious customer. Determining the outstanding
classifier is a precarious assignment for any industrialist like a banker. It leads to drill down efficient
research works through evaluating different classifiers and finding out the best classifier for the credit risk
approximation. This research work investigates the efficiency of Partial Decision Tree Classifier and
Logistic Classifier for the credit risk prediction and compares their competence through various measures.
To predict the classifier performance, German credit dataset has been taken, and open source machine
learning tool is used.

The tools and techniques of data mining are being adopted by the industries to generate business
intelligence for improving decision making. Education institutions are beginning to use data mining
techniques for improving the services they provide and for increasing student grades and retention. This
paper presents broad areas of applications in which educational data mining can be applied to e-learning.
The application areas discussed in this paper are:
1) User modelling
2) User grouping or profiling
3) Domain modelling and
4) Trend analysis.
A MathsTutor for school students of 6th, 7th and 8th grade is designed and implemented in 3 schools in
Tamilnadu. The student data are taken for analysis for the above said areas. This helps teachers, policy
makers, and administrators to understand how educational data mining work to support education related
decision making.

In this paper we present a review of some applications of cluster analysis in the field of Insurance and
allied sciences. Primarily there are two types of clustering techniques used in predictive analytics based on
the business problems, Partition-based clustering technique and Hierarchical agglomerative clustering
approach. Hierarchical agglomeration based clustering approach is time consuming and complexity
increases with increase in number of dimensions. Partition based algorithms contrary to hierarchical tries
to divide the search space before arriving at the final clusters. Both methods have its merits and demerits
and hence proper knowledge of domain, number of variables and computation prowess is required before
deciding on the algorithm.
Insurance industry is rich in data and attributes that can be used for data analytics are varied in nature.
Hence, Hierarchical methods are generally not suitable for Insurance. K-means algorithms depending on
partition-based clustering techniques are popular and widely used and applied to a variety of domains
specifically in Insurance. However, K-means algorithms are extremely sensitive to the choice of initial
centroid. Several different initialization approaches were proposed for the K-means algorithm in the last
decades due to such sensitivity.
This paper proposes an iterative Multiple Random method for selection of initial cluster centroid in Kmeans
clustering instead of the simple random seed methods. Performance assessment of the proposed
initialization method over two different Insurance datasets with different dimensions of distance functions,
numbers of observations, groups and clustering complexities are discussed in detail. The proposed
algorithm is developed in-house using Java and results are compared with some of the standard available
software. Results from two insurance datasets varying in business problems and attributes, clearly indicates
that the proposed initialization method is more effective and converges to more accurate clustering results
than those of the simple random initialization methods.

Seymour [4] conjectures that if the k-flow problem with demands at the sink nodes has a solution then there
is a ½-integer-valued solution. In this paper we present a counterexample obtained by combining two
elements of the Graver test set.

8th International Conference on Trends in Mechanical Engineering (MECE 2024)will
provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory,
methodology and applications of Natural Language Processing, AI and Information Retrieval.

8th International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (E& C 2024)  will
provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory,
methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Electrical & Computer Engineering.
The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental
contribution for the development of Electrical & Computer Engineering. The aim of the
conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as
well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

Scope and Topics 9 th International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CIRSY 2023) will provide an excellent knowledge and to reach for health care needs of the society. The goal of the conference is to monitor the effect of marketed drugs to deliver in adverse reactions. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and both academia and industry to meet and also to share the development in this field. Only original research papers are invited for the publication.

7 th International Conference on Advances in Engineering (AE 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of all Engineering fields. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of all Engineering. Original research papers, stateof-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Engineering.

8 th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ME 2023) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Mechanical Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Mechanical Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

7
th International Conference on Advances in Engineering (AE 2023) will provide
an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory,
methodology and applications impacts and challenges of all Engineering fields. The
conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental
contribution for the development of all Engineering. Original research papers, stateof-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Engineerin