Allelopathy refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant through the release of secondary metabolites from plant parts in both natural and agricultural systems. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is generally... more
Allelopathy refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant through the release of secondary metabolites from plant parts in both natural and agricultural systems. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) is generally considered to have enhancing or suppressing effect on the plant growth in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, the current study was planned to evaluate the effects of MLE on the growth of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). MLE was added into pots three days after transplanting with 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations (v/v) whereas distilled water was used as control. Application of MLE at 100% concentration notably improved the root and shoots lengths, shoot fresh and dry weights. MLE application had non-significant effect on root fresh and dry weights, number of nodes and node weights of purple nutsedge. It was concluded that MLE improved the growth of purple nutsedge even higher concentrations rather to suppress it.
While researchers and practitioners may seamlessly develop methods of detecting outliers in control charts under a univariate setup, detecting and screening outliers in multivariate control charts pose serious challenges. In this study,... more
While researchers and practitioners may seamlessly develop methods of detecting outliers in control charts under a univariate setup, detecting and screening outliers in multivariate control charts pose serious challenges. In this study, we propose a robust multivariate control chart based on the Stahel-Donoho robust estimator (SDRE), whilst the process parameters are estimated from phase-I. Through intensive Monte-Carlo simulation, the study presents how the estimation of parameters and presence of outliers affect the efficacy of the Hotelling T2 chart, and then how the proposed outlier detector brings the chart back to normalcy by restoring its efficacy and sensitivity. Run-length properties are used as the performance measures. The run length properties establish the superiority of the proposed scheme over the default multivariate Shewhart control charting scheme. The applicability of the study includes but is not limited to manufacturing and health industries. The study concludes...
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Aim: The study explores the material properties of two different grades of prefabricated polyvinyl alcohol filaments in terms of drug-loading capacity and printability. Materials & methods: Loratadine was loaded into these filaments or... more
Aim: The study explores the material properties of two different grades of prefabricated polyvinyl alcohol filaments in terms of drug-loading capacity and printability. Materials & methods: Loratadine was loaded into these filaments or their scaffolds by impregnation and they were evaluated for physical and mechanical properties, drug content and printability. Results: The Type I (Pc) filament, being more flexible, showed approximately 100-times higher drug loading compared with the Type II (Pm) filament. However, the diameter of the Pc filament increased by 35% with decreased mechanical strength on soaking in drug solution, which made it unsuitable for 3D printing. On the other hand, the Pm filament was tougher and showed a meager amount of drug loading (<1 mg per 0.5 g) but remained mechanically stronger with good printability. Conclusion: Therapeutic doses of low-dose drug can be loaded efficiently in printed scaffolds of Pc filament.
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Abstract Chicken meat is among the common and relatively inexpensive source of protein consumed worldwide from the poultry industry. Many communities show concern regarding the procedure of slaughtering animals for meat consumption due to... more
Abstract Chicken meat is among the common and relatively inexpensive source of protein consumed worldwide from the poultry industry. Many communities show concern regarding the procedure of slaughtering animals for meat consumption due to ethical, religious, or cultural reasons. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) based untargeted metabolomics of 40 chicken meat samples were evaluated to differentiate meat samples based on slaughtering methods. Samples were grouped into, Zabiha (cutting neck without detaching spinal cord) and Non-Zabiha (completely detaching neck). A volcano plot reveals at least 150 features found significantly different between the two groups having ≥ 2-fold changes in intensities with p-values ≤ 0.05. Among them 05 identified and 25 unidentified metabolites have clear differences in peak intensities. The identified features can be employed to differentiate meat obtained from different slaughtering methods. A characteristic pattern based on principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was observed among the groups. The results will benefit Halal certification, food safety, and security agencies to curb food fraud.
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Energy is a basic need for the fulfillment of human activities, and usage of energy causes a rise in the carbon emission levels. This paper examines the impact of trade openness, urbanization, imports and exports on carbon emission, and... more
Energy is a basic need for the fulfillment of human activities, and usage of energy causes a rise in the carbon emission levels. This paper examines the impact of trade openness, urbanization, imports and exports on carbon emission, and energy intensity for 192 countries from higher, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low-income groups. The data are taken from the year 1990 to 2017 and Generalized method of moments (GMM) is applied for the empirical analyses. Results showed that energy use has less impact on carbon emission in high-income and lower-middle-income economies as compared to the other three sub-panels. Likewise, as a whole, urbanization showed inverse association with emission, on the other hand, it showed positive association with energy intensity in the high-income group. Trade openness showed a positive and highly significant influence on emission as well as on energy intensity. Exports and imports exposed different relations with carbon emission and energy intensity. Outcomes of a Granger causality test yielded an indication of varied causality associations between the variables across the income-based sub-panels. The study suggested the need for improvement in technologies and facilities across the countries for the decline of carbon emission and the enhancement of energy intensity.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to fabricate Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-loaded microneedle patches using micromould casting technique and compare their efficacy with the injectable counterparts. The microneedle patches were... more
Abstract The aim of this study was to fabricate Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-loaded microneedle patches using micromould casting technique and compare their efficacy with the injectable counterparts. The microneedle patches were formulated using sodium alginate (10% w/v) and trehalose (20% of polymer). The patches were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and folding endurance. Serum IgG, TLC, granulocyte count, lymphocyte count and CRP were assessed and results were compared to that of intradermal injections alongside controls. The results showed that polymeric patches had a thickness of 0.8 mm, microneedle projections of 272 ± 12 µm and folding endurance of more than 300. Based on haematological and IgG ELISA assays, microneedle-based BCG administration significantly activated the immune cells and induced production of lymphocytes, granulocytes and peptide-specific IgG in immunised rats that were comparable to injectable counterparts. There was an increase in IgG antibodies from 3 g/L to 5.98 g/L and an increase in leucocytes from 2.6 × 109/L to 18.45 × 109/L. There was also an increase in granulocytes from 14.4% to 29.15% and lymphocyte count from 58.75% to 85.3%. It was concluded that BCG-coated polymeric microneedle patches are suitable for the transdermal delivery of vaccine without inducing discomfort usually observed with injections.
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ABSTRACT In this article, we improve the efficiency of the Dual CUSUM chart (which combines the designs of two CUSUM structures to detect a range of shift) by focusing on its robustness, ability to resist some disturbances in the process... more
ABSTRACT In this article, we improve the efficiency of the Dual CUSUM chart (which combines the designs of two CUSUM structures to detect a range of shift) by focusing on its robustness, ability to resist some disturbances in the process environment and violation of basic assumptions. We do that, by proposing some robust estimators for constructing the chart for both contaminated and uncontaminated environments. The average run length is used as the performance evaluation measure of the charts. After comparing the performances of the proposed charts based on the estimators, it is noticed that the tri-mean estimator out-performs others in all ramifications. Next to it in performance is the Hodges-Lehmann and midrange estimators. We substantiated the simulation results of the study by applying the scheme on a real-life data set.
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A new series of pyrazolone based azo acid dyes (3a–g) has been synthesized starting from 1-(p-sul-phophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (1). The synthetic methodology included the nitrosation of p-sulphophenyl methyl pyrazolone followed by... more
A new series of pyrazolone based azo acid dyes (3a–g) has been synthesized starting from 1-(p-sul-phophenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (1). The synthetic methodology included the nitrosation of p-sulphophenyl methyl pyrazolone followed by reduction, diazotization and coupling with Naphthol AS derivatives (2a–f), in alkaline medium to yield different acid dyes. Multichromic metal complexes of these dyes (5a–f, 6a–f and 7a–f) with 3d transition metals Chromium, Iron and Copper were also synthesized. The structures of all of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical data and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized dyes were applied on leather to assess their light fastness, wash fastness and rubbing fastness and were shown to exhibit high values of 4–5 for majority of dyes.
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A novel mucoadhesive buccal tablet containing flurbiprofen (FLB) and lidocaine HCl (LID) was prepared to relieve dental pain. Tablet formulations (F1-F9) were prepared using variable quantities of mucoadhesive agents, hydroxypropyl methyl... more
A novel mucoadhesive buccal tablet containing flurbiprofen (FLB) and lidocaine HCl (LID) was prepared to relieve dental pain. Tablet formulations (F1-F9) were prepared using variable quantities of mucoadhesive agents, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate (SA). The formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, mucoadhesive strength and mucoadhesion time, swellability index and
Research Interests: Chemistry, Kinetics, Targeted Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Nanotechnology, and 13 moreMedicine, Humans, Novel drug delivery systems, Solubility, Mouth mucosa, Alginates, Pharmaceutical Formulation Technology, Lidocaine, Tablets, Drug Compounding, Flurbiprofen, Toothache, and D-glucuronic acid
Every industrial process has to encounter two types of variation in product characteristic(s) that can be classified as common and special cause variations. These variations can exist in any parameters (like location, dispersion, shape,... more
Every industrial process has to encounter two types of variation in product characteristic(s) that can be classified as common and special cause variations. These variations can exist in any parameters (like location, dispersion, shape, etc.) of the distribution of process characteristic. To handle the special cause variations, statistical tools are generally used to handle these special cause variations; statistical control chart is one of them. The most famous control charts are Shewhart, exponentially weighted moving average and cumulative sum charts, and their substantial modifications are available in the literature. In this article, we have proposed a new control chart named as mixed CUSUM-EWMA (called MCE) control chart for the efficient monitoring of process dispersion. The proposed MCE chart is compared with other existing control charts and some of their modifications. Average run length, extra quadratic loss, relative average run length, and performance comparison index are the measures that are used to judge the performance of charts. For practical considerations, an illustrative example with real data is also provided.
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Control chart is the most important statistical tool to manage the business processes. It is a graph of measurements on a quality characteristic of the process on the vertical axis plotted against time on the horizontal axis. The graph is... more
Control chart is the most important statistical tool to manage the business processes. It is a graph of measurements on a quality characteristic of the process on the vertical axis plotted against time on the horizontal axis. The graph is completed with control limits that cause variation mark. Once a measurement is outside the control limits, the process is declared
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Research Interests: Nephrology, Kidney diseases, Chronic kidney disease, Medicine, Concentration, and 15 moreHumans, Chronic Disease, Female, Male, Heart, American, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Myocardium, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Predictive value of tests, Cohort Studies, cardiac troponin I, and Cardiac Troponin T
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Glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) plays a critical role in glycogenolysis. Mutations in the GDE gene are associated with a metabolic disease known as glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII). We generated a mutant GDE human embryonic... more
Glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) plays a critical role in glycogenolysis. Mutations in the GDE gene are associated with a metabolic disease known as glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII). We generated a mutant GDE human embryonic stem cell line, WAe001-A-14, using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. This cell line contains a 24-nucleotide deletion within exon-13 of GDE, resulting in 8 amino acids (TRLGISSL) missing of the GDE protein from amino acid position 567 to 575. The WAe001-A-14 cell line maintains typical stem cell morphology, pluripotency and in vitro differentiation potential, and a normal karyotype.
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Statistical process control deals with monitoring process to detect disturbances in the process. These disturbances may be from the process mean or variance. In this study, we propose some charts that are efficient for detecting early... more
Statistical process control deals with monitoring process to detect disturbances in the process. These disturbances may be from the process mean or variance. In this study, we propose some charts that are efficient for detecting early shifts in dispersion parameter, by applying the Fast Initial Response feature. Performance measures such as average run length, standard deviation of the run length, extra quadratic loss, relative average run length, and performance comparison index are used to compare the proposed charts with their existing counterparts, including the Shewhart R chart and the Shewhart S chart with and without warning lines. Others include the CUSUM R chart, the CUSUM S chart, the EWMA of ln S 2 , the CUSUM of ln S 2 , the P σ CUSUM, the χ CUSUM, and the Change Point (CP) CUSUM charts. The proposed charts do not only detect early shifts in the process dispersion faster, but also have better overall performance than their existing counterparts.
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Radioimmunotherapy based on α-particle emitters has excellent properties as a treatment against micrometastatic and disseminated cancers because of the short path length (50 - 80 μm) and high linear energy transfer (∼ 100 keV/ μm).... more
Radioimmunotherapy based on α-particle emitters has excellent properties as a treatment against micrometastatic and disseminated cancers because of the short path length (50 - 80 μm) and high linear energy transfer (∼ 100 keV/ μm). Alpha-particles produce clustered DNA double-strand breaks and highly reactive hydroxyl radicals when hitting biological tissue. Hence, targeted α-particle therapy offers the potential of selective tumor cell killing with low damage to surrounding normal tissue. The ideal applications for targeted α-therapy are in treating neoplastic cells in circulation or when cancer cells are present as free-floating cells or spread along compartment walls. This review will provide a brief overview of the most promising radionuclides for targeted α-therapy and compare their relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and normal tissue toxicity.
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ABSTRACT Statistical process control (SPC) is an important application of statistics in which the outputs of production processes are monitored. Control charts are an important tool of SPC. A very popular category is the Shewhart’s X... more
ABSTRACT Statistical process control (SPC) is an important application of statistics in which the outputs of production processes are monitored. Control charts are an important tool of SPC. A very popular category is the Shewhart’s X ̅-chart used to monitor the mean of a process characteristic. Two alternatives to the Shewhart’s X ̅-chart are the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts which are designed to detect moderate and small shifts in the process mean. Targeting on small and moderate shifts in the process mean, we propose an EWMA-type control chart which utilizes a single auxiliary variable. The regression estimation technique for the mean is used in defining the control structure of the proposed chart. It is shown that the proposed chart is performing better than its univariate and bivariate competitors which are also designed for detecting small shifts.
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Methods. Plasma BNP (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Frimley, Surrey, UK) and NT-proBNP (Roche Diagnostics PLC, East Sussex, UK), and hsCRP (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics) were measured at study entry. Echocardiograms were... more
Methods. Plasma BNP (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Frimley, Surrey, UK) and NT-proBNP (Roche Diagnostics PLC, East Sussex, UK), and hsCRP (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics) were measured at study entry. Echocardiograms were undertaken, and left ...
Research Interests: Kidney diseases, Chronic kidney disease, Dialysis, Survival Analysis, Prospective studies, and 14 moreHumans, Chronic Disease, Female, Male, Follow-up studies, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, C reactive protein, Prognosis, Biological markers, Indexation, Predictive value of tests, and Glomerular Filtration Rate
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... Nasir Abbas∗†, Muhammad Aslam‡ and Zawar Hussain‡ ... An improvement in the method of paired comparisons has been proposed by Abbas and Aslam [2] through the ... These values may generate a paired comparison data-set with ties, which... more
... Nasir Abbas∗†, Muhammad Aslam‡ and Zawar Hussain‡ ... An improvement in the method of paired comparisons has been proposed by Abbas and Aslam [2] through the ... These values may generate a paired comparison data-set with ties, which is studied by Rao and Kupper [8 ...