Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associ... more Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associated with issues such as doping, harassment, violence, betting, match-fixing, corruption, ethical deviance, and lack of governance. Currently, protecting and strengthening integrity involves two approaches: (1) attempting to maintain integrity by establishing rules and ensuring people comply with them (the rules approach), and (2) seeking to maintain integrity by looking to the future and aiming to avoid negative evaluation (the means approach). However, we hypothesize that adopting an approach that attempts to maintain the integrity by drawing out the altruistic and socially respectful traits inherent in people is also possible, and we set out to build a system to address this as an organization through a holistic approach. In this study, we aim to identify the relevant concepts that are important in building a mechanism to enhance integrity as an organization through a scoping review c...
The purpose of this study was to verifying effectiveness of the guidelines for supporting resilie... more The purpose of this study was to verifying effectiveness of the guidelines for supporting resilience enhancement. Moreover, we aimed to discuss the effective way to use the guidelines based statistical data. The two fitness centers of the Metropolitan area joined this research in Japan. The fitness clubs approached to enhance resilience using the guidelines for a month or three months. The samples were 18 employees (Center A: 10, Center B: 8) completing the before-and-after evaluation using a questionnaire about resilience. The effect size (r) of result for paired t-test was pointed as the evaluate index for effectiveness of the activities to enhance resilience with the guidelines. As the result, center A’s resilience increased (r = 0.15 − 0.64), center B’s resilience decreased (r = 0.23 − 0.80). The organizational improvement activities including the improvement organizational process and interaction cause more effective resilience enhancement rather than the activities aiming to i...
Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clie... more Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clients. Additionally, employees were required to provide a high quality service from both the client and the organization they belonging. It is predicted that employees were exposed much occupational stress. Resilience is focused as a capital to keep on career development or design in the face of adversities. Workplace improvement is focused as an effective effort in order to decrease occupational stress (Kogi, 2006). It is very important to decrease a risk of occupational stress. However, it is never that stress disappear completely in your work career. Hence, it is necessary that you enhance resilience, it is help you to progress in adversities. Shoji (2014) showed follows as point of view for enhancing resilience through daily operations. 1) Encouraging to challenge, 2) constructing a relatedness to receive supports in workplace, 3) using feedbacks from clients. It is shown that resilien...
BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has b... more BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has been described in Japanese fetuses and children, and its possible links to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been discussed. Accordingly, this sexual difference in representative neonates merits examination. AIMS This study aimed to examine 2D:4D measurements and sexual differences in Japanese toddlers aged 1.5 years. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The digit lengths used to calculate 2D:4D were measured using an easy-to-use photography method. A total of 1045 JECS-A (the Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study) children (males, 523; females, 522) aged 1.5 years were analyzed. RESULTS The mean ages for the males and females were 575.3 ± 13.1 and 575.9 ± 17.1 days, respectively. Histograms of left and right 2D:4D were normally distributed regardless of sex (left male, 0.909 ± 0.048; left female, 0.913 ± 0.049, d = 0.08; right male, 0.938 ± 0.055; right female, 0.937 ± 0.049, d = 0.02). Because of high dispersion in the data, t-tests did not support a significant sex difference in 2D:4D. Post-hoc statistical power was calculated as 0.124 and the effect size for the sex difference in 2D:4D was 0.036. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to confirm sexual differences in 2D:4D in 1.5-year-old Japanese children. This may be because digit measurement is difficult in this group, resulting in reduced effect sizes, or because rapid growth attenuates the in utero sexual dimorphism. This evidence is useful for the light it casts on the extreme male brain theory of ASDs.
PurposeEffects of fetal, perinatal and childhood environment on the health of children at birth a... more PurposeEffects of fetal, perinatal and childhood environment on the health of children at birth and during later life have become a topic of concern. The Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS-A) is an ongoing birth cohort of pregnant women and their children which has been used to provide unique data, as adjunct studies of JECS, on multifaceted potential factors affecting children’s health.ParticipantsThe JECS-A is part of the JECS which follows a total of 100 000 pairs of children and their mothers (fathers’ participation is optional) across 15 regions in Japan. In JECS-A, of the 8134 pregnant women living in Ichinomiya City and Nagoya City, Japan, a total of 5721 pregnant women and their 5554 children were included. Sociodemographic and psychological data as well as biological specimens were collected from the pregnant women and their spouses (if available) in the cohort during their pregnancy. Information on children included in the JECS-A ...
Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure is a public health issue due to its potential link to neu... more Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure is a public health issue due to its potential link to neurodevelopmental problems in children. This study aimed to examine the exposure levels of OP pesticides in Japanese toddlers and explore the possible contributions of their exposure-related behaviors and their mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation to their exposure levels to OP pesticides. We recruited diapered children participating in the Japan Environment and Children's Study and collected used disposable diapers from 1037 children between June 2015 and August 2016. Six dialkylphosphates (DAPs) were measured in the urine extracted from the diapers. The geometric means of urinary creatinine (Cr)-unadjusted and Cr-adjusted concentrations of the sum of the six DAPs (ΣDAP) were 120 nmol/L and 243 nmol/g Cr, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for propensity scores of exposure-related factors revealed that discriminatory powers determining whether Cr-unadjusted and Cr-adjusted ΣDAP concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile values were lower for the exposure-related behaviors (areas under the curve, 0.72 and 0.69, respectively) and the mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation (0.55 and 0.57, respectively) than those for the foodstuffs ingested on the survey day (0.75 and 0.81, respectively). Some exposure-related behaviors, namely the use of insecticides, herbicides, and insect repellent sprays, were found to be associated with increased Cr-unadjusted ΣDAP concentrations (odds ratio, 2.0-2.6) via multivariate analysis. In contrast, only the use of a fragrance or deodorant was associated with increased Cr-adjusted ΣDAP concentrations (odds ratio, 2.3). This is the first report on the exposure levels of OP pesticides in a large number of Japanese toddlers. Some household chemical product use was related to OP common metabolite DAP levels. Japanese toddlers were widely exposed to OP pesticide.
Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associ... more Integrity has gained increasing attention in sports recently. Integrity in sports is often associated with issues such as doping, harassment, violence, betting, match-fixing, corruption, ethical deviance, and lack of governance. Currently, protecting and strengthening integrity involves two approaches: (1) attempting to maintain integrity by establishing rules and ensuring people comply with them (the rules approach), and (2) seeking to maintain integrity by looking to the future and aiming to avoid negative evaluation (the means approach). However, we hypothesize that adopting an approach that attempts to maintain the integrity by drawing out the altruistic and socially respectful traits inherent in people is also possible, and we set out to build a system to address this as an organization through a holistic approach. In this study, we aim to identify the relevant concepts that are important in building a mechanism to enhance integrity as an organization through a scoping review c...
The purpose of this study was to verifying effectiveness of the guidelines for supporting resilie... more The purpose of this study was to verifying effectiveness of the guidelines for supporting resilience enhancement. Moreover, we aimed to discuss the effective way to use the guidelines based statistical data. The two fitness centers of the Metropolitan area joined this research in Japan. The fitness clubs approached to enhance resilience using the guidelines for a month or three months. The samples were 18 employees (Center A: 10, Center B: 8) completing the before-and-after evaluation using a questionnaire about resilience. The effect size (r) of result for paired t-test was pointed as the evaluate index for effectiveness of the activities to enhance resilience with the guidelines. As the result, center A’s resilience increased (r = 0.15 − 0.64), center B’s resilience decreased (r = 0.23 − 0.80). The organizational improvement activities including the improvement organizational process and interaction cause more effective resilience enhancement rather than the activities aiming to i...
Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clie... more Recently, fitness clubs has been required to respond the diversifying and advancing needs of clients. Additionally, employees were required to provide a high quality service from both the client and the organization they belonging. It is predicted that employees were exposed much occupational stress. Resilience is focused as a capital to keep on career development or design in the face of adversities. Workplace improvement is focused as an effective effort in order to decrease occupational stress (Kogi, 2006). It is very important to decrease a risk of occupational stress. However, it is never that stress disappear completely in your work career. Hence, it is necessary that you enhance resilience, it is help you to progress in adversities. Shoji (2014) showed follows as point of view for enhancing resilience through daily operations. 1) Encouraging to challenge, 2) constructing a relatedness to receive supports in workplace, 3) using feedbacks from clients. It is shown that resilien...
BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has b... more BACKGROUND A sex difference in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D, males < females) has been described in Japanese fetuses and children, and its possible links to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been discussed. Accordingly, this sexual difference in representative neonates merits examination. AIMS This study aimed to examine 2D:4D measurements and sexual differences in Japanese toddlers aged 1.5 years. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The digit lengths used to calculate 2D:4D were measured using an easy-to-use photography method. A total of 1045 JECS-A (the Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study) children (males, 523; females, 522) aged 1.5 years were analyzed. RESULTS The mean ages for the males and females were 575.3 ± 13.1 and 575.9 ± 17.1 days, respectively. Histograms of left and right 2D:4D were normally distributed regardless of sex (left male, 0.909 ± 0.048; left female, 0.913 ± 0.049, d = 0.08; right male, 0.938 ± 0.055; right female, 0.937 ± 0.049, d = 0.02). Because of high dispersion in the data, t-tests did not support a significant sex difference in 2D:4D. Post-hoc statistical power was calculated as 0.124 and the effect size for the sex difference in 2D:4D was 0.036. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to confirm sexual differences in 2D:4D in 1.5-year-old Japanese children. This may be because digit measurement is difficult in this group, resulting in reduced effect sizes, or because rapid growth attenuates the in utero sexual dimorphism. This evidence is useful for the light it casts on the extreme male brain theory of ASDs.
PurposeEffects of fetal, perinatal and childhood environment on the health of children at birth a... more PurposeEffects of fetal, perinatal and childhood environment on the health of children at birth and during later life have become a topic of concern. The Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS-A) is an ongoing birth cohort of pregnant women and their children which has been used to provide unique data, as adjunct studies of JECS, on multifaceted potential factors affecting children’s health.ParticipantsThe JECS-A is part of the JECS which follows a total of 100 000 pairs of children and their mothers (fathers’ participation is optional) across 15 regions in Japan. In JECS-A, of the 8134 pregnant women living in Ichinomiya City and Nagoya City, Japan, a total of 5721 pregnant women and their 5554 children were included. Sociodemographic and psychological data as well as biological specimens were collected from the pregnant women and their spouses (if available) in the cohort during their pregnancy. Information on children included in the JECS-A ...
Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure is a public health issue due to its potential link to neu... more Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure is a public health issue due to its potential link to neurodevelopmental problems in children. This study aimed to examine the exposure levels of OP pesticides in Japanese toddlers and explore the possible contributions of their exposure-related behaviors and their mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation to their exposure levels to OP pesticides. We recruited diapered children participating in the Japan Environment and Children's Study and collected used disposable diapers from 1037 children between June 2015 and August 2016. Six dialkylphosphates (DAPs) were measured in the urine extracted from the diapers. The geometric means of urinary creatinine (Cr)-unadjusted and Cr-adjusted concentrations of the sum of the six DAPs (ΣDAP) were 120 nmol/L and 243 nmol/g Cr, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for propensity scores of exposure-related factors revealed that discriminatory powers determining whether Cr-unadjusted and Cr-adjusted ΣDAP concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile values were lower for the exposure-related behaviors (areas under the curve, 0.72 and 0.69, respectively) and the mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation (0.55 and 0.57, respectively) than those for the foodstuffs ingested on the survey day (0.75 and 0.81, respectively). Some exposure-related behaviors, namely the use of insecticides, herbicides, and insect repellent sprays, were found to be associated with increased Cr-unadjusted ΣDAP concentrations (odds ratio, 2.0-2.6) via multivariate analysis. In contrast, only the use of a fragrance or deodorant was associated with increased Cr-adjusted ΣDAP concentrations (odds ratio, 2.3). This is the first report on the exposure levels of OP pesticides in a large number of Japanese toddlers. Some household chemical product use was related to OP common metabolite DAP levels. Japanese toddlers were widely exposed to OP pesticide.
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