Skip to main content
Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials... more
Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials from this site were considered mixed — Acheulean/Mousterian — or Mousterian proper. In recent years, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic site of Kusimovo-8 has been discovered nearby. This is a scattered workshop site on pebble flint outcrops within the terrace surface of the Bannoe-Sabakty paleolake. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals, describes and analyzes the Lower Paleolithic collection. Results. The finds were identified on the basis of technical and typological characteristics and preservation parameters. The collection comprises a total of 121 items, most of the objects made of flint pebbles and only two bifaces made of diabase. Nucleuses with patinated surfaces (19 items) are diverse enough: mainly flat cores of parallel and sub-parallel shearing are available to be quantitatively followed by radial, fan-shaped, and orthogonal cores. The tools are represented by oval and almond-shaped hand axes, cleavers, piked tools, a chopper, biface blanks, and various side-scrapers. The stratigraphy of test pits shows the presence of two cultural horizons: flint chips were found under the Middle Paleolithic cultural layer (grayish-brown loam with dolomite gravel) — 0.5 m lower in yellowish-brown loam. Paleoecological analyses of the pits attest to that yellowish-brown loam deposits can be dated to the Middle Pleistocene. Similar conditions were identified for Lower Paleolithic finds discovered at Mysovaya site. Similarity of both the sites makes it possible to conclude as to comparable ages of these collections and that they may cluster together within one Karyshkino-type industry which unites a majority of Lower Paleolithic sites across the Southern Transurals, all of them to form a specific variant of the Tayacian.
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within... more
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within Bugulminskaya-Belebeevskaya Upland. It is shown that this burial belongs to the earlier stage of the Early Iron Age (late 9 th—8 th centuries BC). It was the time when a bright and recognizable “nomadic complex” was spreading across the Eurasian steppe from east to west. This one and closely related burials used to be previously regarded as part of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The early nomadic epoch in the Southern Urals is also marked by finds of Karasuk bronze daggers and knives.
В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточного Китая (Манчжурии) – Владимира Васильевича Поносова (1899-1975), родившегося и выросшего в Уфе, но оказавшегося в эмиграции в годы... more
В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточного Китая (Манчжурии) – Владимира Васильевича Поносова (1899-1975), родившегося и выросшего в Уфе, но оказавшегося в эмиграции в годы Гражданской войны. В статье приводятся данные по истории семьи Поносовых-Молло, вехи жизни В.В.Поносова и его научая биография. Похоронен В.В.Поносов в Брисбене (Австралия), где он обосновался в начале 1960-х гг. и преподавал в Квинслендском университете.
Представлены материалы трех памятников – поселений Банное-5а (Березки). Теляшево-4 и Сабакты-3/5, на которых найдена раннекочевническая керамика (конец V – конец IV вв. до н.э.). Все рассматриваемые памятники расположены в... more
Представлены  материалы  трех  памятников  –  поселений  Банное-5а  (Березки).  Теляшево-4  и Сабакты-3/5, на которых найдена раннекочевническая керамика (конец V – конец IV вв. до н.э.). Все рассматриваемые  памятники  расположены  в  узкой  полосе  горных  степей  вдоль  восточного  склона Южного Урала (совр. Абзелиловский район Республики Башкортостан), на широте г. Магнитогорск. Анализ данных по поселению Банное-5а (Березки), исследовавшегося в 1972–1976 и 2004–2005 гг., показывает, что на его территории зафиксировано три пункта распространения раннекочевнической керамики,  два  из  них,  выявленных  в  раскопе,  имеют  очень  небольшие  размеры.  Близкая  ситуация зафиксирована  также  и  на  поселении  Теляшево-4.  Также  показано, что  все  три  рассматриваемых памятника  могут  быть  интерпретированы  как  кочевнические  стоянки.  Анализ  всей  имеющейся информации по территории расселения кочевников Южного Урала в середине I тыс. до н.э. позволяет говорить  о  том,  что  стоянки  и  другие  близкие  им  типы  поселенческих  памятников  имели  очень широкое распространение (в настоящее время учтено более 30 объектов). Значительную сложность представляет поиск и фиксация таких памятников, однако только через их изучение можно получить новую информацию по хозяйству, системе расселения и освоению территорий.
The paper deals with the materials from three sites, namely the settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki), Telyashe-vo-4 and Sabakty-3/5. They are discovered with ceramics of the early nomads (late V – late IV century BC). All these sites are situated within a narrow strip of mountain steppes along the eastern slope of the Southern Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is on the same latitude as Magni-togorsk. The settlement Bannoye-5a (Berezki) was studied in 1972–1976 and 2004–2005. The received mate-rials were analyzed and showed three points of spread early nomadic ceramics. Two of them were revealed by excavations and are rather small in size. Also a similar situation was at Telyashevo-4 settlement. It is shown that all three sites can be interpreted as nomadic campsites. When the author analyzes all the information about the spread area of Southern Ural nomads in the middle of the I millennium BC, the author can conclude that the campsites and other types of settlements close to them were quite common (more than 30 sites are currently recorded). It is particularly complicated to fi nd and register such kind of sites, however, studying them is the only way to learn something new about their household, spread and land development.
Рассматривается история культурной атрибуции элитного некрополя около с. Филипповка на юге Оренбургской области. Показано, что в значительной степени определение культурной принадлежности этого памятника зависело от взглядов самих... more
Рассматривается история культурной атрибуции элитного некрополя около с. Филипповка на юге Оренбургской области. Показано, что в значительной степени определение культурной принадлежности этого памятника зависело от взглядов самих исследователей. В целом они могут быть разделены на эволюционный и дискретный подходы. Проводится сравнение основных характеристик погребального обряда и материальной культуры Филипповского могильника и прохоровской культуры. На основе этого анализа делается заключение о том, что Филипповский могильник относится не к начальной стадии прохоровской (раннесарматской) культуры, а к заключительной стадии савроматской культуры Южного Урала. Материалы свидетельствуют также о том, что в формировании прохоровской культуры элита Филипповки и других подобных памятников не принимала участия. В ее основе лежат традиции среднего и рядового населения предшествующего времени и мигрировавших с юга кочевников.
The study considers the history of cultural attribution of an elite necropolis near the village of Filippovka in the south of the Orenburg region. It is shown that to a large extent the definition of the cultural identity of this site depends on the views of the researchers themselves. In general, there can be an evolutionary and a discrete approach. The main characteristics of the funeral rite and the tangible culture of the Filippovka burial ground and the Prokhorovka culture are compared. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Filippovka burial ground does not belong to the initial stage of the Prokhorovka (Early Sarmatian) culture. However, it belongs to the final stage of the Sauromatian culture of the Southern Urals. The materials also indicate that the elite of Filippovka and other similar necropolis was not involved in
forming the Prokhorovka culture. It is based on the traditions of the average and ordinary population of the previous time and nomads who had migrated from the south.
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within... more
The author analyzes sources from the inlet child burial in Mound 1 of the Shatmantamak I burial ground. It is located in the northern steppe of the Southern Urals (today’s Miyakinsky District of Bashkortostan, Russia), within Bugulminskaya-Belebeevskaya Upland. It is shown that this burial belongs to the earlier stage of the Early Iron Age (late 9 th—8 th centuries BC). It was the time when a bright and recognizable “nomadic complex” was spreading across the Eurasian steppe from east to west. This one and closely related burials used to be previously regarded as part of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The early nomadic epoch in the Southern Urals is also marked by finds of Karasuk bronze daggers and knives.
Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials... more
Introduction. Comprehensive and efficient investigations of the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals became possible after the discovery of Mysovaya site in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia). The Paleolithic materials from this site were considered mixed — Acheulean/Mousterian — or Mousterian proper. In recent years, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic site of Kusimovo-8 has been discovered nearby. This is a scattered workshop site on pebble flint outcrops within the terrace surface of the Bannoe-Sabakty paleolake. Goals. The study attempts an insight into the earliest peopling of the Southern Urals, describes and analyzes the Lower Paleolithic collection. Results. The finds were identified on the basis of technical and typological characteristics and preservation parameters. The collection comprises a total of 121 items, most of the objects made of flint pebbles and only two bifaces made of diabase. Nucleuses with patinated surfaces (19 items) are diverse enough: main...
На основе анализа почти 500 экз. «случайных» находок мечей и кинжалов савромато-сарматского времени, происходящих с территории Южного Урала, рассмотрены особенности их топографической приуроченности и выделено 10 крупных территориальных... more
На основе анализа почти 500 экз. «случайных» находок мечей и кинжалов савромато-сарматского времени, происходящих с территории Южного Урала, рассмотрены особенности их топографической приуроченности и выделено 10 крупных территориальных групп. Большинство описанных диахронных скоплений приурочено к северной периферии степной зоны Южного Приуралья. Показано, что данные находки являются важным историческим источником и могут рассматриваться в качестве маркера присутствия кочевников на каждой конкретной территории в тот или иной хронологический период I тыс. до н. э.
The analysis of the lateral burial (No. 2) of the kurgan No. 23 of the Filippovka 1 necropolis (Russia, Orenburg region, the watershed of the Ural and Ilek rivers), investigated in 1990 by the expedition of the Bashkir branch of the USSR... more
The analysis of the lateral burial (No. 2) of the kurgan No. 23 of the Filippovka 1 necropolis (Russia, Orenburg region, the watershed of the Ural and Ilek rivers), investigated in 1990 by the expedition of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A.H. Pshenichnyuk, is presented. Based on planigraphy and stratigraphy data analysis, as well as through the use of archival photographs, it is shown that a small earthen kurgan (No. 23a), built several years earlier, was blocked by this kurgan. Judging by the ritual characteristics and the presence of a flat-bottomed vessel with a grooved spout-drain, the only burial of this kurgan can be called “late-Sauromatian” or syncretic “Sauromatian-Early-Sarmatian”, more characteristic of the westernmost part of the Southern Urals. The individual buried in this grave was laid in the “horseman’s pose” and oriented with his head to the southeast. In the relatively late kurgan No. 23, traditions characteristic of the...
The analysis of the lateral burial (No. 2) of the kurgan 23 of the Filippovka 1 necropolis (Russia, Orenburg region, the watershed of the Ural and Ilek rivers), investigated in 1990 by the expedition of the Bashkir branch of the USSR... more
The analysis of the lateral burial (No. 2) of the kurgan 23 of the Filippovka 1 necropolis (Russia, Orenburg region, the watershed of the Ural and Ilek rivers), investigated in 1990 by the expedition of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A.H. Pshenichnyuk, is presented. Based on planigraphy and stratigraphy data analysis, as well as through the use of archival photographs, it is shown that a small earthen kurgan (No. 23a), built several years earlier, was blocked by this kurgan. Judging by the ritual characteristics and the presence of a flat-bottomed vessel with a grooved spout-drain, the only burial of this kurgan can be called "late-Sauromatian" or syncretic "Sauromatian-Early-Sarmatian", more characteristic of the westernmost part of the Southern Urals. The individual buried in this grave was laid in the "horseman's pose" and oriented with his head to the southeast. In the relatively late kurgan 23, traditions characteristic of the early stage of the Prokhorov culture are recorded (dromos and catacomb burials, burnt wooden tent-shaped structure). The data obtained show that the substrate ("Sauromatian") and superstrate ("Early Prokhorovka") traditions in the territory of the formation of a new culture coexisted with each other for a long time, including among the population who left the elite necropolis Filippovka 1. The buried kurgan 23a is a clear confirmation of this coexistence. The mechanical superimposition of "Early Prokhorovka" traditions on the necropolises of the previous, "Sauromatian" time and the genetic proximity of the bearers of new traditions indicate that their spread in the territory of the Southern Urals followed the line of gradual transformation of the ethnic complex of funeral rites into a prestigious supra-ethnic one.
The article outlines results of an interdisciplinary study on the Maylybay-2 single kurgan located in the mountain-steppe zone of the Irendyk ridge, the most eastern ridge of the Ural Mountains (Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan,... more
The article outlines results of an interdisciplinary study on the Maylybay-2 single kurgan located in the mountain-steppe zone of the Irendyk ridge, the most eastern ridge of the Ural Mountains (Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, Baimaksky District). The kurgan was a ruined stone structure — a hollow crypt type (mausoleum), close to a square shape. The grave represented a deep oval pit containing one burial. 25–35 years old female skeleton was found in the extended supine position. There are indications that the body was swaddled, legs were tied. Based on the scarce accompanying grave goods (beads, bracelets, spindle whorl, clay vessels), the burial can be dated to the second half of the 4th century BC and attributed to the Mugodzhar group of the Southern Ural nomads of the Sauromato-Sarmatian period. The Maylybay female skull is characterized as Caucasian, with a combination of very large diameters of the neurocranium and frontal breadth, and very high nasal bones. Comparison with ...
In 2019, the workshop site of Kusimovo-6 in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia) was discovered and explored on a large area. A collection of Middle Paleolithic artifacts numbering over 2 thousand was obtained. Goals. The work... more
In 2019, the workshop site of Kusimovo-6 in Abzelilovsky District of Bashkortostan (Russia) was discovered and explored on a large area. A collection of Middle Paleolithic artifacts numbering over 2 thousand was obtained. Goals. The work attempts at an analysis of the collection. Results. The latter shows its homogeneity. So, nucleuses are subprismatic, with longitudinal cleavages, orthogonal, radial, and of unsystematic types. Many cores have two or more strike platforms. A third of the flakes have natural strike platforms and backrest. The producing of bifacial tools basically repeats the nucleuses’ production patterns. The tools comprise a chopper, 2 blanks of bifaces, 2 taiyak points, a point, butt knives. Two-sided producing was performed on working areas of other categories of tools (carvers, punctures, points, tools with a spike, beak-shaped, notched tools, scrapers). By all indications, the site has a non-Levallois character and belongs to the industry of the Tayacian tradit...
Goals. The article publishes and analyzes archaeological materials of the modern period found at Pervomaisky-1 site discovered in foothill-steppe areas of the Southern Trans-Urals (a high plateau 14 km west of the right bank of the Ural... more
Goals. The article publishes and analyzes archaeological materials of the modern period found at Pervomaisky-1 site discovered in foothill-steppe areas of the Southern Trans-Urals (a high plateau 14 km west of the right bank of the Ural River, Abzelilovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia) in 2019. Materials. The collection includes three groups of pottery (coarse, gray-clay and red-clay), porcelain and earthenware dishes, various iron products (knives, harrow teeth, fragments of a cast-iron pot, horseshoes, etc., and no weapons traced), pieces of iron ore, animal bones, etc. Results. The source analysis of the finds and analogies from the rest of the Urals, Volga Region and Western Siberia made it possible to date the site to the mid — late 19th century and typologically classify it a short-term sedentary agricultural settlement. The paper establishes a relative synchronicity of all types of pottery (including impurities to clay dough), porcelain and earthenware, showing...
The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of tribes of different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1-3]. It is still unclear how much of the Scythian dominance in the Eurasian Steppe was due to... more
The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of tribes of different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1-3]. It is still unclear how much of the Scythian dominance in the Eurasian Steppe was due to movements of people and how much reflected cultural diffusion and elite dominance. We present new whole-genome sequences of 31 ancient Western and Eastern Steppe individuals, including Scythians as well as samples pre- and postdating them, allowing us to set the Scythians in a temporal context (in the Western, i.e., Ponto-Caspian Steppe). We detect an increase of eastern (Altaian) affinity along with a decrease in eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG) ancestry in the Early Iron Age Ponto-Caspian gene pool at the start of the Scythian dominance. On the other hand, samples of the Chernyakhiv culture postdating the Scythians in Ukraine have a significantly higher proportion of Near Eastern ancestry than other samples of this study. Our results agree with the Gothic source of the Chernyakhiv culture and support the hypothesis that the Scythian dominance did involve a demic component.
The article presents an analysis of the burial rite and chronology of the Gumarovo cemetery, located on the border of the steppe and mountain-steppe zones of the Southern Urals, at the southern tip of the almost completely forested low... more
The article presents an analysis of the burial rite and chronology of the Gumarovo cemetery, located on the border of the steppe and mountain-steppe zones of the Southern Urals, at the southern tip of the almost completely forested low plateau Zilair (Russia, Orenburg oblast, right bank of the Sakmara River). The cemetery consists of 5 stone kurgans, explored in 1979–1980 by an expedition led by R.B. Ismagilov. A burial of Early Scythian time was revealed in one of the kurgans (the so-called “Bolshoy Gumarovskiy”, “Big Gumarovo”), and immediately became widely known among researchers. The cemetery itself belongs to a later time, also known as “Sauromatian” time. Based on the chronological indicators and simultaneous occurrence of accompanying inventory categories, it is determined that the cemetery dates back to the end of the 5th – beginning of the 4th centuries BC and existed for a very short time. The burial rite features of the Gumarovo kurgans (stone mounds, wide oval graves, s...
CONTENTS The End of a Great Era (Editorial Staff) ARTICLES Fayzullin I.A., Kuptsova L.V., Mukhametdinov V.I. The Ceramics Production of the Cis-Ural Srubnaya Culture: A Case Study of the Kurgan Cemetery I Near Tverdilovo Village... more
CONTENTS
The End of a Great Era (Editorial Staff)

ARTICLES

Fayzullin I.A., Kuptsova L.V., Mukhametdinov V.I.
The Ceramics Production of the Cis-Ural Srubnaya Culture: A Case Study of the Kurgan Cemetery I Near Tverdilovo Village

Balabanova M.A., Klepikov V.M., Pererva E.V.
Funeral Rite and Morphology of a Buried Man from Kurgan of Tau Cemetery (Western Kazakhstan)
Monakhov S.Yu.
Typology and Chronology of Akanthian Amphorae

Abramova A.N.
Craniophenetic Features of Cis-Kuban Population of the Early Iron Age (Preliminary Data)

Malashev V.Yu., Maslov V.E.
Kurgan-Cemeteries of Central and Eastern Regions of North Caucasus
3rd Century BC – Early 2nd Century AD (Monuments Chegem-Manaskent Type)

Kovaleva K.S.
Manufacturing Complexes for the Non-Ferrous Metals Processing of the Golden Horde Cities: Search for Analogies

Dremov I.I., Kruglov E.V.
Iron Cones in the Burials of Ulus Jochi: Aspects of Ethnocultural Identification

Gagloiti R.H., Kochkarov U.U., Mamaev R.Kh., Narozhnyi V.E., Narozhnyi E.I.
Spearheads of the Keliysky Stone Box Burial Ground (Ingushetia Highlands)

PUBLICATIONS

Krivosheev M.V., Moiseev V.I.
Early Sarmatian Burials from the Chechen Republic Territory

Ivanov S.S.
A Rare Belt Plaque in Zoomorphic Style from the Inner Tien Shan

Nikolaev S.Yu.
Three Sarmatian Daggers from the Foot of Toratau Mount

SCIENTIFIC LIFE

Proceedings of the 6th Lower Volga International Scientific Conference on Archaeology “The Volga-Ural Region – from Antiquity to the Middle Ages”
(Organizing Committee of the Conference)

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Конец прекрасной эпохи (Редакционная коллегия)

СТАТЬИ

Файзуллин И.А., Купцова Л.В., Мухаметдинов В.И.
Гончарное производство срубной культуры Предуралья по материалам курганного могильника I у села Твердилово

Балабанова М.А., Клепиков В.М., Перерва Е.В.
Погребальный обряд и морфология погребенного из кургана могильника Тау (Западный Казахстан)

Монахов С.Ю.
Типология и хронология аканфских амфор [На англ. яз.]

Абрамова А.Н.
Население Прикубанья раннего железного века по данным краниофенетики (предварительные данные)

Малашев В.Ю., Маслов В.Е.
Курганы-кладбища центральных и восточных районов Северного Кавказа III в. до н.э. – начала (первой половины) II в. н.э. (памятники типа Чегем-Манаскент)

Ковалева К.С.
Производственные бронзолитейные комплексы городов Золотой Орды: поиск аналогий

Дрёмов И.И., Круглов Е.В.
Железные конусы в погребениях Улуса Джучи: аспекты этнокультурной принадлежности

Гаглойты Р.Х., Кочкаров У.Ю., Мамаев Р.Х., Нарожный В.Е., Нарожный Е.И.
Наконечники копий келийского каменноящечного могильника (Горная Ингушетия)

ПУБЛИКАЦИИ

Кривошеев М.В., Моисеев В.И.
Погребения раннесарматского времени с территории Чеченской Республики

Иванов С.С.
Редкая поясная бляха в зооморфном стиле с Внутреннего Тянь-Шаня

Николаев С.Ю.
Три сарматских кинжала с подножия горы Торатау

НАУЧНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ

Итоги VI Нижневолжской Международной археологической научной конференции «Волго-Уральский регион от древности до Средневековья»
(Оргкомитет конференции)
Комплексной АЭ Ордена Знак Почета ИИЯЛ УФИЦ РАН проведены раз­ведочные работы зон хозяйственного освоения в юго-западных (Альшеевский, Аургазинский, Бижбулякский, Давлекановский, Мелеузовский, Уфим­ский, Чишминский) и вост. (Бурзянский,... more
Комплексной АЭ Ордена Знак Почета ИИЯЛ УФИЦ РАН проведены раз­ведочные работы зон хозяйственного освоения в юго-западных (Альшеевский, Аургазинский, Бижбулякский, Давлекановский, Мелеузовский, Уфим­ский, Чишминский) и вост. (Бурзянский, Абзелиловский) р-нах Республики Башкортостан. Обследованные участки расположены в долинах крупных рек Приуралья - Белая, Дема, Кана и их притоков, а также в пределах озер­ной системы Банное — Сабакты - Карабалыкты в Южном Зауралье. В ходе работ выявлено 7 новых археологических объектов (от мезоли­та до нового времени). Также проведены археологические исследования по определению границ на ранее выявленном энеолитическом поселении Банное 23.
8 iron daggers of the advanced stage of the Prokhorov culture (III–II centuries BC), found in different years in the vicinity of the village of Tolbazy located in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan,... more
8 iron daggers of the advanced stage of the Prokhorov culture (III–II centuries BC), found in different years in the vicinity of the village of Tolbazy located in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan, Aurgazinsky district) are published. It is shown that according to physical and geographical data, this area (about 15  15 km) is allocated to a single microdistrict located at the crest of the Bielsko-Urshak watershed, which has a width of more than 50 km at this point. The territory of the microdistrict is elevated (100 meters or more from the foot of elevation, 250 meters above sea level on average), it abounds with small lakes and springs on the top, with the sources of small watercourses on the slopes and it is surrounded by rivers on all sides. Most of the findings were made on the plateau or at the sources of small watercourses, some of them - in river valleys. It is concluded that this area can be considered as a separate honey cell, “nomadic pari...
Goals. The article publishes and analyzes archaeological materials of the modern period found at Pervomaisky-1 site discovered in foothill-steppe areas of the Southern Trans-Urals (a high plateau 14 km west of the right bank of the Ural... more
Goals. The article publishes and analyzes archaeological materials of the modern period found at Pervomaisky-1 site discovered in foothill-steppe areas of the Southern Trans-Urals (a high plateau 14 km west of the right bank of the Ural River, Abzelilovsky District, Republic of
Bashkortostan, Russia) in 2019. Materials. The collection includes three groups of pottery (coarse, gray-clay and red-clay), porcelain and earthenware dishes, various iron products (knives, harrow teeth, fragments of a cast-iron pot, horseshoes, etc., and no weapons traced), pieces of iron ore, animal bones, etc. Results. The source analysis of the finds and analogies from the rest of the Urals, Volga Region and Western Siberia made it possible to date the site to the mid — late 19th century and typologically classify it a short-term sedentary agricultural settlement. The paper establishes a relative synchronicity of all types of pottery (including impurities to clay dough), porcelain and earthenware,
showing a high proportion of tableware and ‘tea’ utensils, which may be associated with the type of the site. The absence of large cast-iron cauldrons is defined as a marker of some agricultural (not nomadic) population. The involvement of historical data and cartographic materials deepened the analysis and made it possible to determine the site is a field camp of Cossacks from Magnitnaya stanitsa (Orenburg Cossack Host) that emerged after the establishment of Novolineiny District and the 200 km eastward transfer of Russia’s national frontier. This resulted in the territory turned into a deep rear area. So, the former fortress became a rich village where trade was developing and the
population was rapidly increasing. Cartographic data show the object was located in the center of a narrow (5-6 km) arable land strip bounded by the main transport artery of the region — Orenburg Post Road — in the east, and by the border of Cossack and Bashkir lands in the west. The conducted comprehensive studies substantiate dating parameters of the archaeological complex which is of great importance for further development of modern history-related archeology in the entire Ural–West Siberian Region, and show the likely abundance of agricultural field camps across the territory that can be viewed as a separate type of archaeological objects.
Цель статьи — публикация и анализ археологических материалов Нового времени, полученных на выявленной в 2019 г. стоянке Первомайский-1 в Южном Зауралье (Россия, Республика Башкортостан, Абзелиловский район, высокое плато в 14 км к западу от правого берега р. Урал). В состав коллекции входят три группы гончарной керамики, посуда из фарфора и фаянса, различные железные изделия, куски железной руды, кости животных и т. д. Источниковедческий анализ комплекса находок и аналогии с территории Урала, Поволжья и Западной Сибири позволили датировать памятник серединой – второй половиной XIX в. и отнести его к типу кратковременных стоянок оседлого земледельческого населения. Привлечение для углубления анализа исторических сведений и картографических материалов позволило установить, что данная стоянка является полевым станом казаков станицы Магнитная (Оренбургское казачье войско) и возникла после создания Новолинейного района и переноса границы России на этом участке на 200 км к востоку. В результате этого бывшая крепость превращается в богатое село, в котором развивается торговля и резко увеличивается количество
жителей. Картографические данные показывают, что данный объект в период своего существования был расположен в центре узкой (5–6 км), использовавшейся под пахотные угодья,
полосы, ограниченной с востока основной транспортной артерией региона — Оренбургским почтовым трактом, а с запада — границей казачьих и башкирских земель. Проведенные комплексные исследования позволили обосновать датировку выявленного археологического комплекса, что имеет высокое значение для дальнейшего развития археологии Нового времени всего Уральско-Западносибирского региона, а также показать вероятную многочисленность у земледельческого населения полевых станов, которые могут рассматриваться как отдельный тип археологических памятников.
The paper presents the results of a study of the Pervomaisky-1 site, discovered in 2019, located in the Abzelilovsky district of Bashkortostan, on the shore of a small plowed former lake at the top of the steppe watershed rise. Judging by... more
The paper presents the results of a study of the Pervomaisky-1 site, discovered in 2019, located in the Abzelilovsky district of Bashkortostan, on the shore of a small plowed former lake at the top of the steppe
watershed rise. Judging by the materials obtained, the site was a place of short-term development at the end of the Stone Age (the Neolithic-Eneolithic), in the Early Iron Age (V-IV centuries BC) and in the Modern Age (mid-second half of the 19th century). An analysis of all archaeological materials found at the site is presented, the originality and regularity of the topographic confinement of this type of site are shown. The cultural and chronological characteristics of the materials are substantiated against a broad comparative background and the
nature of the site’s use is reconstructed.
Представлены результаты исследования выявленной в 2019 г. стоянки Первомайский-1, расположенной в Абзелиловском районе Башкортостана, на берегу небольшого распаханного озера на
вершине степного водораздельного сырта. Судя по полученным материалам, стоянка являлась местом кратковременного освоения в финале эпохи камня (неолит-энеолит), в эпоху раннего железа (V-IV вв. до н.э.) и в Новое время (середина – вторая половина XIX в.). Представлен анализ всех археологических
материалов, найденных на памятнике, показаны своеобразие и закономерность топографической приуроченности стоянки данного типа. На широком сравнительном фоне обосновывается культурно-хронологическая характеристика материалов и реконструируется характер использования площадки.
2019 marks 120th birthday anniversary of one of the founders of the archeology of North-east China (Manchuria) - Vladimir Vasilyevich Ponosov (1899-1975), who was born and raised in Ufa, but emigrated during the years of during the Civil... more
2019 marks 120th birthday anniversary of one of the founders of the archeology of North-east China (Manchuria) - Vladimir Vasilyevich Ponosov (1899-1975), who was born and raised in Ufa, but emigrated
during the years of during the Civil War. The article provides data on the history of the Ponosov-Mollo family, milestones of the life of V. Ponosov and his scientific biography. V. Ponosov was buried in Brisbene, Australia, where he settled in the early 1960s. and worked at the University of Queensland
В 2019 году исполнилось 120 лет со дня рождения одного из основателей археологии Северо-Восточного Китая (Манчжурии) – Владимира Васильевича Поносова (1899-1975), родившегося
и выросшего в Уфе, но оказавшегося в эмиграции в годы Гражданской войны. В статье приводятся данные по истории семьи Поносовых-Молло, вехи жизни В.В. Поносова и его научая биография. Похоронен В.В. Поносов в Брисбене (Австралия), где он обосновался в начале 1960-х гг. и преподавал в Квинслендском университете
8 iron daggers of the advanced stage of the Prokhorov culture (III-II centuries BC), found in different years in the vicinity of the village of Tolbazy located in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan,... more
8 iron daggers of the advanced stage of the Prokhorov culture (III-II centuries BC), found in different years in the vicinity of the village of Tolbazy located in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan, Aurgazinsky district) are published. It is shown that according to physical and geographical data, this area (about 15 х 15 km) is allocated to a single microdistrict located at the crest of the Bielsko-Urshak watershed, which has a width of more than 50 km at this point. The territory of the microdistrict is elevated (100 meters or more from the foot of elevation, 250 meters above sea level on average), it abounds with small lakes and springs on the top, with the sources of small watercourses on the slopes and it is surrounded by rivers on all sides. Most of the findings were made on the plateau or at the sources of small watercourses, some of them-in river valleys. It is concluded that this area can be considered as a separate honey cell, "nomadic parish" or summer dwelling complex, which is typical for the settlement system of early nomads to the north of the hills of Obshchiy Syrt. The nearest known honey cells are located at a distance of 5-12 km from Tolbazinsky district and the number of finds of bladed weapons of the mid-late I Millennium BC varies from 3-4 to 25 pieces. It is also shown that in the III-II centuries BC, the development of bladed weapons (swords and daggers with a straight cross quillion and a crescent-shaped pommel) among the nomads followed the line of standardization of earlier forms of the Southern Urals, the assimilation of individual innovations and imitation of samples with a ring-shaped pommel representing foreign culture for the region.
The article presents an in-depth description of bridle assemblages from Shipovo mounds (Group 1) and Ochlebinino burial ground located in the forest-steppe Southern Cis-Urals (present-day Republic of Bashkortostan, the right bank of the... more
The article presents an in-depth description of bridle assemblages from Shipovo mounds (Group 1) and Ochlebinino burial ground located in the forest-steppe Southern Cis-Urals (present-day Republic of Bashkortostan, the right bank of the Belaya River). Both sites represent the early stage of the Kara-Abyz culture (the 4th—3rd centuries BC). One of the populations related to this phenomenon was semi-settled nomads of the initial (Filippovka) stage of the Prokhorovka culture. The research
showed that their horse harness is of Western (Scythian-Maeotian) origin. In this paper, we describe the causes, conditions and the chronology of its occurrence among the Southern Ural nomadic populations and their interrelation with the extension of their territory and the advancement of military contingents far to the west, up to the borders of the Bosporan Kingdom. We also conclude the close relationship between the remote areas belonging to the Sarmatian culture (Southern Urals) and its highly militarized far west neighbors (Lower Don, Kuban, Cis-Caucasus), wherefrom a significant number of
horse harness finds and bladed weapons came constantly during the most of the 4th century BC.
В статье впервые представлено детальное описание уздечных комплексов, происходящих из Шиповского курганного (группа 1) и Охлебининского грунтового могильников в лесостепи Южного Приуралья (совр. Республика Башкортостан, правый берег р. Белая). Оба памятника относятся к раннему этапу кара-абызской культуры (IV-III вв. до н.э.), одна из групп населения которой являлась оседающими кочевниками начального (филипповского) этапа прохоровской культуры. Показано, что по своему происхождению данная узда имеет западное (скифо-меотское) происхождение. Представлен анализ причин, условий и времени появления этой узды у кочевников Южного Урала, их взаимосвязь с расширением собственной территории и продвижением воинских контингентов далеко на запад, вплоть до границ Боспорского царства. Сделан вывод о тесной взаимосвязи удаленных, тыловых районов раннесарматского мира (Южный Урал) и его сильно военизированного крайнего запада (Нижний Дон, Кубань, Предкавказье), откуда на протяжении большей части IV века до н.э. постоянно и, вероятно, разрозненно, поступало значительное количество образцов конской узды и клинкового оружия.
Рассматриваются материалы курмантауской и гамаюнской культур (первая половина – середина I тыс. до н.э.) с памятников в горной части Южного Урала (долины рек Белая и Нугуш). Показано, что юго-западная часть Уральской горной страны по... more
Рассматриваются материалы курмантауской и гамаюнской культур (первая половина – середина I тыс. до н.э.) с памятников в горной части Южного Урала (долины рек Белая и Нугуш). Показано, что
юго-западная часть Уральской горной страны по долине р. Белая на глубину около 100 км осваивалась приуральским населением курмантауской культуры и, одновременно, с севера, вниз по течению, спускалось относительно немногочисленное население гамаюнской культуры, проникшее в горную область из Зауралья. Район Каповой пещеры являлся контактной зоной двух рассматриваемых групп населения, ниже по течению гамаюнские материалы встречаются только в виде небольшой примеси на курмантауских поселениях. Результат частичного смешения двух групп населения прослеживается в особенностях орнаментации ряда сосудов. Судя по имеющимся хроноиндикаторам, период
сосуществования курмантауского и гамаюнского населения в горном течении р. Белая датируется VI-V вв. до н.э. Значительная часть курмантауских материалов относится к более раннему времени, о чем свидетельствует керамика со следами взаимодействия с межовскими орнаментальными традициями,
традиционно относимыми к началу I тыс. до н.э.
The materials of the Kurmantau and Gamayun cultures (the first half - the middle of the 1st millennium BC) from the monuments in the mountainous part of the Southern Urals (the valleys of the Belaya and Nugush rivers) are considered. It is shown that the south-western part of the Ural mountain country along the valley of the Belaya river to a depth of about 100 km was mastered by the Urals population of the Kurmantau culture and, simultaneously, from the north, downstream, a relatively small population of the Gamayun culture descended, penetrating the mountainous region from the Trans-Urals. The Kapova cave area was the contact zone of the two populations under consideration, downstream the Gamayun materials are found only in the form of a small admixture
in the Kurmantau settlements. The result of partial mixing of the two population groups can be traced in the features of the ornamentation of a number of vessels. Judging by the available chrono-indicators, the period of coexistence of the Kurmantau and Gamayun populations in the mountainous Belaya river area. White dates from the VI-V-th centuries B.C. A significant part of the Kurmantau materials dates back to earlier times, as evidenced by ceramics with traces of interaction with the Mezhov ornamental traditions, traditionally attributed to the beginning of the 1st millennium BC.
В статье на основании физико-географических данных показано, что Южный Урал (полоса гор с прилегающими предгорьями и равнинами) является единым регионом с четко выраженными границами, расположенным на границе Европы и Азии. Меридиональное... more
В статье на основании физико-географических данных показано, что Южный Урал (полоса гор с прилегающими предгорьями и равнинами) является единым регионом с четко выраженными границами, расположенным на границе Европы и Азии. Меридиональное положение Уральских гор, простирающихся от северной тайги до полупустынь Приаралья, приводило в пределах региона к значительным подвижкам на юг групп северного оседлого населения и на север – групп южного кочевого населения. Установлено, что наибольшая этнокультурная связанность территории региона достигается в V-IV вв. до н.э., когда в степной зоне формируется прохоровская (раннесарматская) культура, носители которой интегрировали в единую систему все население степной и лесостепной зон Южного Урала.
This paper analyses the planigraphic structure of the elite barrows in Filippovka (fourth century BC), located in the interfluve of the Ural and Ilek (Russia, Orenburg region, Steppe Ural area). The typology of passage graves has been... more
This paper analyses the planigraphic structure of the elite barrows in Filippovka (fourth century BC), located in the interfluve of the Ural and Ilek (Russia, Orenburg region, Steppe Ural area). The typology of passage graves has been developed. It has been uncovered that the main variation is the burial pit shape (oval, rectangular, or cross-like). The conclusion has been drawn that the appearance of hollow graves with the passage was a socio-cultural innovation, when the traditions of the substrate population (the so-called “Sauromatians”), despite some standardisation, remained unchanged

And 33 more

Издание посвящено комплексной археологической и историко-культурной характеристике юго-западной оконечности горной области Южного Урала с прилегающими предгорьями по верхнему течению рек Белая и Нугуш, входящей в настоящее время в... more
Издание посвящено комплексной археологической и историко-культурной характеристике юго-западной оконечности горной области Южного Урала с прилегающими предгорьями по верхнему течению рек Белая и Нугуш, входящей в настоящее время в Биосферный резерват ЮНЕСКО «Башкирский Урал» (в т.ч. НП «Башкирия» и ГПЗ «Шульган-Таш»). Структурным ядром этой до сих пор труднодоступной территории является горная долина Белой, которая с глубокой древности была важнейшей магистралью региона. Следствием этому – большое количество и разнообразие археологических памятников самых разных исторических эпох, наиболее ранние из них относятся к нижнему палеолиту. На этом фоне показано культурное и природное своеобразие предгорий и горной долины р. Нугуш.
В книге впервые приводятся данные о практически всех известных на этой территории археологических объектах, а также дан анализ этапов и особенностей освоения человеком гор и предгорий Южного Урала от палеолита до позднего средневековья и начала Нового времени.
Для специалистов и широкого круга читателей.

Археологам-первопроходцам посвящается.