ABSTRACT In radiography, a dose to patients primarily depends on the Entrance surface Dose (ESD) and the sensitivity of organs which are irradiated during treatment plan. The main goal of this study is to assess and compare adult patient... more
ABSTRACT
In radiography, a dose to patients primarily depends on the Entrance surface Dose (ESD) and the sensitivity of organs which are irradiated during treatment plan. The main goal of this study is to assess and compare adult patient doses to digital and conventional radiographic X-ray examinations chest (PA/AP) in Adama city special zone of oromiya region. Assessment of ESD for patients in conventional and digital diagnostic radiology examinations should be made as a means for the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients. This estimated the entrance skin dose received by patients undergoing diagnostic X-ray examinations, including the entrance skin doses for 400 patients in chest PA/AP of X-ray examinations. The entrance surface dose was determined indirectly via measurements and from knowledge of X-ray output factors and in this study entered the measurements parameters such as X-ray dose output, back scatter factor, and focus to skin distance and used physical parameters such as mAs and kV in mathematical model. The mean ESD (mGy) value calculated in to four hospitals. The mean ESD (mGy) estimated range from 0.113 -1.92 for chest PA, 0.107-1.935 for chest PA. The results obtained were compared with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1996, European Commission (EC) 1999 and national radiological protection board (NRPB) 2000. Further studies are required for minimization of radiation doses to sensitive organs. ESDs were estimated in the present study for patients undergoing selected chest X-ray examinations in major hospitals in Adama city special zone of Oromiya region. It was observed that in some of the cases specially Adama hospital medical college the ESD values higher than the recommended value from IAEA, NRPB and EC. Similarly the S.Aklisiya hospital and Medin Beza hospitals shows ESD (mGy) value for all types of projection examinations are similarity with that reported by IAEA [42] and European Committee (EC, 1999) [41] as well as NRPB -2000 [43]. But Rift valley hospital has the minimum value of ESD (mGy) because of the low dose output of the machine combined with high tube filtration. This could be attributed to the relatively low tube output dose and exposure parameters used in these hospitals. And also potential advantage of digital x ray from conventional is minimizes unnecessary patient dose and keeps the dose “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) principle.
Keywords: Ionizing Radiation; X-Ray; Conventional, digital, Radiography; Entrance Surface Dose
In radiography, a dose to patients primarily depends on the Entrance surface Dose (ESD) and the sensitivity of organs which are irradiated during treatment plan. The main goal of this study is to assess and compare adult patient doses to digital and conventional radiographic X-ray examinations chest (PA/AP) in Adama city special zone of oromiya region. Assessment of ESD for patients in conventional and digital diagnostic radiology examinations should be made as a means for the optimization of the radiation protection of the patients. This estimated the entrance skin dose received by patients undergoing diagnostic X-ray examinations, including the entrance skin doses for 400 patients in chest PA/AP of X-ray examinations. The entrance surface dose was determined indirectly via measurements and from knowledge of X-ray output factors and in this study entered the measurements parameters such as X-ray dose output, back scatter factor, and focus to skin distance and used physical parameters such as mAs and kV in mathematical model. The mean ESD (mGy) value calculated in to four hospitals. The mean ESD (mGy) estimated range from 0.113 -1.92 for chest PA, 0.107-1.935 for chest PA. The results obtained were compared with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1996, European Commission (EC) 1999 and national radiological protection board (NRPB) 2000. Further studies are required for minimization of radiation doses to sensitive organs. ESDs were estimated in the present study for patients undergoing selected chest X-ray examinations in major hospitals in Adama city special zone of Oromiya region. It was observed that in some of the cases specially Adama hospital medical college the ESD values higher than the recommended value from IAEA, NRPB and EC. Similarly the S.Aklisiya hospital and Medin Beza hospitals shows ESD (mGy) value for all types of projection examinations are similarity with that reported by IAEA [42] and European Committee (EC, 1999) [41] as well as NRPB -2000 [43]. But Rift valley hospital has the minimum value of ESD (mGy) because of the low dose output of the machine combined with high tube filtration. This could be attributed to the relatively low tube output dose and exposure parameters used in these hospitals. And also potential advantage of digital x ray from conventional is minimizes unnecessary patient dose and keeps the dose “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) principle.
Keywords: Ionizing Radiation; X-Ray; Conventional, digital, Radiography; Entrance Surface Dose
Research Interests:
This study aims to develop a 3D printed lung phantom as an add-on to the QUASAR™ respiratory motion phantom and use it to evaluate lung SBRT respiratory gating treatments and testing surface guided radiotherapy for positioning. In... more
This study aims to develop a 3D printed lung phantom as an add-on to the QUASAR™ respiratory motion phantom and use it to evaluate lung SBRT respiratory gating treatments and testing surface guided radiotherapy for positioning. In particular TPS dose calculation accuracy on two different scans was tested against Gafchromic film measurement on a gated treatment
Research Interests:
The current healthcare system is widely based on the concept of “one size fit for all”, which emphasizes treating a disease by prescribing the same drug to all patients with equivalent doses and dosing frequency. This medical treatment... more
The current healthcare system is widely based on the concept of “one size fit for all”, which emphasizes treating a disease by prescribing the same drug to all patients with equivalent doses and dosing frequency. This medical treatment scenario has shown varied responses with either no or weak pharmacological effects and exaggerated adverse reactions preceded by more patient complications. The hitches to the concept of “one size fits all” have devoted the attention of many researchers to unlocking the concept of personalized medicine (PM). PM delivers customized therapy with the highest safety margin for an individual patient’s needs. PM has the potential to revolutionize the current healthcare system and pave the way to alter drug choices and doses according to a patient’s clinical responses, providing physicians with the best treatment outcomes. The 3D printing techniques is a solid-form fabrication method whereby successive layers of materials based on computer-aided designs were...
Research Interests:
... Scand. Ser. A, 30 (1976) 843. 8 RE Jacobs, BS Hudson and HC Anderson, Biochemistry, 16 (1977) 4349. 9 RM Mostafa, MA Semary and MA Ahmed, J. Magn. Mater., 15 (1980) 448. 10 MA Ahmed, MM ElDesoky and FA Radwan, Thermochim. Acta, 105... more
... Scand. Ser. A, 30 (1976) 843. 8 RE Jacobs, BS Hudson and HC Anderson, Biochemistry, 16 (1977) 4349. 9 RM Mostafa, MA Semary and MA Ahmed, J. Magn. Mater., 15 (1980) 448. 10 MA Ahmed, MM ElDesoky and FA Radwan, Thermochim. Acta, 105 (1986) 295. ...