Papers by Mercilena Benjamin
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HemaSphere
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Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis
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<p>The nucleotide of interest is marked by a dotted box. The upper panel shows data from a ... more <p>The nucleotide of interest is marked by a dotted box. The upper panel shows data from a subject homozygous for wild-type G nucleotide, the middle panel shows a subject with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who had heterozygous GA genotype, and the lower panel shows a subject with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who had homozygous mutant A genotype.</p
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<p>Strategy for cloning UGT1A1 exon 3 including flanking intron sequence in BamHI and MluI ... more <p>Strategy for cloning UGT1A1 exon 3 including flanking intron sequence in BamHI and MluI restriction site at intron of pCAS minigene system.</p
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Hematological Oncology
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<p>The blue line relates to fluorescence of 6-FAM; the two peaks marked with solid arrows i... more <p>The blue line relates to fluorescence of 6-FAM; the two peaks marked with solid arrows indicate 90 base-pair and 92 base-pair products for A(TA)<sub>6</sub>TAA and A(TA)<sub>7</sub>TAA promoter alleles, respectively. The red line relates to fluorescent dye bound to the molecular weight markers, lengths for which are marked at the bottom.</p
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Cureus
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CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
: Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental con... more : Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental contamination. Human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants, including physical, chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causes adverse consequences, and induces a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mutagens comprise ionizing and non-ionizing radiation such as UV rays, IR rays, X-rays, which produces a broad spectrum of neuronal destruction, including neuroinflammation, genetic instability, enhanced oxidative stress driving mitochondrial damage in the human neuronal antecedent cells, cognitive impairment due to alterations in neuronal function, especially in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis repression, modifications in mature neuronal networks drives to enhanced neurodegenerative risk. Chemical Mutagens including alkylating agents (EMS, NM, MMS, and NTG), Hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, sodium azide, halouracils are the major toxic mutagen in our environment and have been associated with neurological disorders. These chemical mutagens create dimers of pyrimidine that cause DNA damage that leads to ROS generation creating mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, genotoxicity which leads to increased neurodegenerative risk. Cd, As, Pb, Hg these four heavy metal toxicity is mostly responsible for complicated neurological disorders in humans. Cadmium exposure can enhance the permeability of the BBB and penetrate the brain, driving to brain intracellular accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and cerebral edema. Arsenic exerts its toxic effect by induction of ROS production in neuronal cells. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and mechanistic effects of mutagens in the environment and their role in multiple neurological disorders.
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☯ These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potenti... more Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations on health will be determined by their frequency, nature, and the mechanisms that keep a specific mutation in the population. Early prenatal lethal mutations have less public health consequences than genetic illnesses linked with long-term medical and social difficulties. Physical and chemical mutagens are common mutagens found in the environment. These two environmental mutagens have been associated with multiple neurological disorders and carcinogenesis in humans. Thus in this study, we aim to unravel the molecular mechanism of physical mutagens (UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays), chemical mutagens (dimethyl sulfate (DMS), bisphenol A (BPA), p...
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Immuno, 2021
The SARS-CoV-2 infection spread rapidly throughout the world and appears to involve in both humor... more The SARS-CoV-2 infection spread rapidly throughout the world and appears to involve in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. SARS-CoV-2 is attached to host cells via binding to the viral spike (S) proteins and its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Consequently, the S protein is primed with serine proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, which facilitate the fusion of viral and cellular membranes result in the entry of viral RNA into the host cell. Vaccines are urgently required to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and aid in the recovery to pre-pandemic levels of normality. The long-term protective immunity is provided by the vaccine antigen (or pathogen)-specific immune effectors and the activation of immune memory cells that can be efficiently and rapidly reactivated upon pathogen exposure. Research efforts aimed towards the design and development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are increasing. Numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine...
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2021
The route of hepatitis B transmission is believed to be horizontal in India, though pediatric stu... more The route of hepatitis B transmission is believed to be horizontal in India, though pediatric studies showed mother as source in the majority of chronic HBV (CHB) cases. We aimed at establishing the fact that mother–child transmission is the main route of acquisition by documenting genotypically identical viruses in mother–child pairs. Blood samples of consecutive children (≤18 years) with CHB and high DNA (>10,000 IU/mL) and their positive mother were collected from January 2013 to December 2015. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of HBV-DNA were amplified and sequenced by using BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit v3.1 and aligned with previously described sequences in the region of interest for genotypes A to G by using BioEdit software. Phylogenetic tree was generated using p-distance algorithm in MEGA software version 6. Genotyping of 59 (33 children and 26 mothers) subjects include genotype A in 24 (40.7%) and genotype D in 35 (59.3%). Both mother–child pair genotyp...
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Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2020
Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) is associated with viremia and faecal excretion of the virus. The i... more Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) is associated with viremia and faecal excretion of the virus. The information on duration and temporal pattern of viremia and faecal shedding in HEV infection is important, but is not available. Serial serum and stool specimens were collected from patients with acute hepatitis E (typical clinical picture, serum alanine aminotransferase levels > 5‐folds the upper limit of normal and presence of IgM anti‐HEV), beginning from within 7 days of the onset of symptoms. HEV RNA concentrations were measured in sera and 10% stool suspensions, using a real‐time Taqman‐based nucleic acid amplification assay. Seventeen patients (median age 25 [range 19‐61] years; all men) were enrolled within a median of 5 (range 3‐8) days of the onset of the first symptom and provided 113 serum specimens and 71 stool specimens. The median (range) highest levels of serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the patients were 10.3 (5.9‐43.4) mg/dL, 1817 (442‐4642) IU/L and 1016 (88‐4561) IU/L, respectively. All the 17 patients had demonstrable viremia, and 12 of the 13 patients who were tested had faecal excretion at one or more time points. The HEV RNA titres were the highest in the early phase of disease and declined rapidly with time, becoming nondetectable in the serum by day 20 and in the stool by day 21. In most of the patients with acute uncomplicated acute hepatitis E, the degree of viremia and faecal shedding decline quickly after the onset of clinical illness and rapidly disappear in parallel with each other.
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Annals of Hepatology, 2018
Introduction and aim. HAVCR1 protein is the cellular receptor for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Geneti... more Introduction and aim. HAVCR1 protein is the cellular receptor for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Genetic polymorphism in this gene may alter the outcome of HAV infection. In a previous study, a 6-amino acid insertion (157insMTTTVP) in HAVCR1 gene was associated with more severe disease. We decided to investigate this association further. Material and methods. We sequenced exon 4 of the HAVCR1 gene in patients with clinical hepatitis A attending our institution, and a group of healthy controls in a disease-endemic setting in India. Frequencies of different haplotypes of a genomic region with two overlapping insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels; rs141023871 and rs139041445) were compared between patients and controls, as well as between patients with and without a severe form of disease (liver failure). Results. The gene had three haplotypes in the region of interest – a short form, an intermediate-form with a 5-amino acid 157insMTTVP insertion and a long-form with a 6-amino acid 157ins...
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Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 2016
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PLoS ONE, Dec 30, 2015
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Papers by Mercilena Benjamin