Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable heterogenous disorder characterized by bone frag... more Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable heterogenous disorder characterized by bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures with a wide spectrum of clinical expression due to defects in collagen type I biosynthesis. The purpose of the review is to highlight the practical norms in pregnancies with osteogenesis imperfecta. We carried out a literature review in MEDLINE on OI during pregnancy, focusing on diagnosis, therapy and delivery. We reviewed 28 articles (case reports, original articles and reviews). Pregnant women affected by type I OI should be closely monitored to assess fetal well-being and detect pregnancy-related complications associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis, restrictive pulmonary disease, cephalopelvic disproportion and other problems related to connective tissue disorders. Mode of delivery remains controversial and should be determined on an individual basis. In conclusion, women affected by type I OI represent a subset of patients whose pregnancies should be considered high risk and warrant a multidisciplinary approach in a referral center.
Endometriosis can be intrapelvic or, rarely, extrapelvic. Endometriosis involving the rectus abdo... more Endometriosis can be intrapelvic or, rarely, extrapelvic. Endometriosis involving the rectus abdominis muscle on the trocar port site is a rare event; until now, only 16 cases have been reported in the literature. The majority of cases were associated with previous abdominal surgery such as diagnostic laparoscopy, cyst excision, appendectomy, myomectomy, or cholecystectomy. We review all the reported cases of this unusual form of extrapelvic endometriosis. We report a new case of abdominal wall endometriosis at the trocar port site in the rectus abdominis muscle in a woman who had undergone 2 laparoscopies for endometriosis in the 3 years before coming to our attention. The diagnosis was made by sonography. We performed a surgical resection of the lesion with a free macroscopic margin of 5-10 mm. Endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any abdominal swelling. In our experience, surgery is the treatment of choice.
Preterm delivery is the most common complication of multiple gestations and is associated with hi... more Preterm delivery is the most common complication of multiple gestations and is associated with high perinatal mortality. When preterm labor occurs, delivery of the first fetus is inevitable. However, successfully delaying the delivery of the second fetus can be lifesaving. We report 2 cases of delayed-interval delivery of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies admitted to our emergency department at 17+5 and 22+1 weeks of gestation. After abortion of the first fetus, the second twin was left in utero, and uterine contractions ceased. The patients received antibiotics, and tocolytic therapy was administered when needed after 24 weeks. This management prolonged pregnancy for 64 and 16 days, respectively. Although no accepted protocol for the treatment of this condition currently exists, an excellent outcome for the second fetus is possible if these pregnancies are managed in a tertiary perinatal center.
Endometriosis is an important gynecologic clinical entity, pathologically defined by the ectopic ... more Endometriosis is an important gynecologic clinical entity, pathologically defined by the ectopic presence of endometrium and frequently associated with pelvic pain, that affects approximately 10% of females of reproductive age. A rare but severe complication of endometriosis during pregnancy is spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP), severe intraabdominal bleeding that can be life threatening. We present the case of a patient with SHiP at 29 weeks of pregnancy. A supraumbilical midline laparotomy was performed, and pelvic exploration revealed a lacerated and bleeding right ovary. Right annessiectomy was performed, and a cesarean section was performed because hemostasis was not achievable. A healthy baby was born, and hemostasis was finally achieved. We believe that in gravid females with a history of endometriosis, severe abdominal pain, and a reduction of hemoglobin, physicians should always suspect SHiP. Because SHiP is a life-threatening condition for both the mother and ...
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an usually reversible neuro-radiological c... more Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an usually reversible neuro-radiological clinical entity characterized by headache, confusion, visual disturbances or blindness and seizures. It rarely occurs without seizures. The development of PRES after delivery is unusual. Magnetic resonance imaging represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of this condition. White matter oedema in the posterior cerebral hemispheres is typical on neuroimaging. PRES is reversible when early diagnosis is established and appropriate treatment is started without delay. The pathogenesis of PRES is discussed and the importance of a prompt diagnosis is emphasized, as the crucial role of rapid blood press reduction. We conducted a literature review in MEDLINE about PRES during post partum and pregnancy, focusing on differential diagnosis and therapy. We reviewed 28 articles (case reports, original articles and reviews) describing PRES as well as a case of a severe, immediate postpartum HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count) with PRES without generalized seizure. MRI is the diagnostic gold standard and it may be useful in the differential diagnosis. The goal of the therapy is to control elevated blood pressure and to prevent seizures or promptly manage it.
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2015
Interstitial pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy at high hemorrhagic risk. It often poses a diagnos... more Interstitial pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy at high hemorrhagic risk. It often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician, with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. It presents a difficult management problem with no absolute standard of care; the most appropriate treatment technique for these pregnancies remains controversial. We describe a case of unruptured interstitial pregnancy successfully treated with a single-dose of systemic methotrexate with subsequent ultrasound and serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin monitoring. Medical management can be a safe and successful option in selected cases that satisfy specific criteria and in women who are able to be monitored after treatment.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic myocardial disorder character... more Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic myocardial disorder characterized by the replacement of myocardium by fibro-adipose tissue. The proper obstetric management of this disease remains unclear due to the lack of an adequate number of cases reported in the literature. We report the successful management of a pregnant patient with ARVC. A female patient with ARVC presented to our hospital at 9 weeks of gestation. Before pregnancy, she was treated with bisoprolol, which resulted in a reduction in extrasystoles and she never developed palpitations. Periodical cardiological examinations showed clinical stability, and the only therapeutic change consisted of an increase in the bisoprolol dosage. She delivered at term by elective cesarean section. We decided that avoiding changes in the chronic therapy of our patient was the best management because she had reached clinical stability before pregnancy and discontinuation of therapy may pose an addition risk. In...
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2014
We report a rare case of rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis excised under ultrasound guidance.... more We report a rare case of rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis excised under ultrasound guidance. A 36-year-old woman came to our observation presenting an abdominal nodule located in the right side of the umbilical area. Ultrasound of the abdominal wall showed two hypoechogenic nodules in the context of the right rectus abdominis muscle and a fine-needle aspiration, performed under ultrasound guidance, confirmed the diagnosis of endometriosis. The patient underwent surgical excision of the lesions. Intraoperative localization was performed through ultrasonography. In our case, the diagnosis was essentially based on ultrasound scan. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were not performed. A high-resolution ultrasound is a simple, inexpensive and safe method and is sufficient for indicating surgery. Furthermore, the use of intraoperative ultrasound allowed adequate margins of excision.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable heterogenous disorder characterized by bone frag... more Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable heterogenous disorder characterized by bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures with a wide spectrum of clinical expression due to defects in collagen type I biosynthesis. The purpose of the review is to highlight the practical norms in pregnancies with osteogenesis imperfecta. We carried out a literature review in MEDLINE on OI during pregnancy, focusing on diagnosis, therapy and delivery. We reviewed 28 articles (case reports, original articles and reviews). Pregnant women affected by type I OI should be closely monitored to assess fetal well-being and detect pregnancy-related complications associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis, restrictive pulmonary disease, cephalopelvic disproportion and other problems related to connective tissue disorders. Mode of delivery remains controversial and should be determined on an individual basis. In conclusion, women affected by type I OI represent a subset of patients whose pregnancies should be considered high risk and warrant a multidisciplinary approach in a referral center.
Endometriosis can be intrapelvic or, rarely, extrapelvic. Endometriosis involving the rectus abdo... more Endometriosis can be intrapelvic or, rarely, extrapelvic. Endometriosis involving the rectus abdominis muscle on the trocar port site is a rare event; until now, only 16 cases have been reported in the literature. The majority of cases were associated with previous abdominal surgery such as diagnostic laparoscopy, cyst excision, appendectomy, myomectomy, or cholecystectomy. We review all the reported cases of this unusual form of extrapelvic endometriosis. We report a new case of abdominal wall endometriosis at the trocar port site in the rectus abdominis muscle in a woman who had undergone 2 laparoscopies for endometriosis in the 3 years before coming to our attention. The diagnosis was made by sonography. We performed a surgical resection of the lesion with a free macroscopic margin of 5-10 mm. Endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any abdominal swelling. In our experience, surgery is the treatment of choice.
Preterm delivery is the most common complication of multiple gestations and is associated with hi... more Preterm delivery is the most common complication of multiple gestations and is associated with high perinatal mortality. When preterm labor occurs, delivery of the first fetus is inevitable. However, successfully delaying the delivery of the second fetus can be lifesaving. We report 2 cases of delayed-interval delivery of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies admitted to our emergency department at 17+5 and 22+1 weeks of gestation. After abortion of the first fetus, the second twin was left in utero, and uterine contractions ceased. The patients received antibiotics, and tocolytic therapy was administered when needed after 24 weeks. This management prolonged pregnancy for 64 and 16 days, respectively. Although no accepted protocol for the treatment of this condition currently exists, an excellent outcome for the second fetus is possible if these pregnancies are managed in a tertiary perinatal center.
Endometriosis is an important gynecologic clinical entity, pathologically defined by the ectopic ... more Endometriosis is an important gynecologic clinical entity, pathologically defined by the ectopic presence of endometrium and frequently associated with pelvic pain, that affects approximately 10% of females of reproductive age. A rare but severe complication of endometriosis during pregnancy is spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP), severe intraabdominal bleeding that can be life threatening. We present the case of a patient with SHiP at 29 weeks of pregnancy. A supraumbilical midline laparotomy was performed, and pelvic exploration revealed a lacerated and bleeding right ovary. Right annessiectomy was performed, and a cesarean section was performed because hemostasis was not achievable. A healthy baby was born, and hemostasis was finally achieved. We believe that in gravid females with a history of endometriosis, severe abdominal pain, and a reduction of hemoglobin, physicians should always suspect SHiP. Because SHiP is a life-threatening condition for both the mother and ...
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an usually reversible neuro-radiological c... more Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an usually reversible neuro-radiological clinical entity characterized by headache, confusion, visual disturbances or blindness and seizures. It rarely occurs without seizures. The development of PRES after delivery is unusual. Magnetic resonance imaging represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of this condition. White matter oedema in the posterior cerebral hemispheres is typical on neuroimaging. PRES is reversible when early diagnosis is established and appropriate treatment is started without delay. The pathogenesis of PRES is discussed and the importance of a prompt diagnosis is emphasized, as the crucial role of rapid blood press reduction. We conducted a literature review in MEDLINE about PRES during post partum and pregnancy, focusing on differential diagnosis and therapy. We reviewed 28 articles (case reports, original articles and reviews) describing PRES as well as a case of a severe, immediate postpartum HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count) with PRES without generalized seizure. MRI is the diagnostic gold standard and it may be useful in the differential diagnosis. The goal of the therapy is to control elevated blood pressure and to prevent seizures or promptly manage it.
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2015
Interstitial pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy at high hemorrhagic risk. It often poses a diagnos... more Interstitial pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy at high hemorrhagic risk. It often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician, with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. It presents a difficult management problem with no absolute standard of care; the most appropriate treatment technique for these pregnancies remains controversial. We describe a case of unruptured interstitial pregnancy successfully treated with a single-dose of systemic methotrexate with subsequent ultrasound and serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin monitoring. Medical management can be a safe and successful option in selected cases that satisfy specific criteria and in women who are able to be monitored after treatment.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic myocardial disorder character... more Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic myocardial disorder characterized by the replacement of myocardium by fibro-adipose tissue. The proper obstetric management of this disease remains unclear due to the lack of an adequate number of cases reported in the literature. We report the successful management of a pregnant patient with ARVC. A female patient with ARVC presented to our hospital at 9 weeks of gestation. Before pregnancy, she was treated with bisoprolol, which resulted in a reduction in extrasystoles and she never developed palpitations. Periodical cardiological examinations showed clinical stability, and the only therapeutic change consisted of an increase in the bisoprolol dosage. She delivered at term by elective cesarean section. We decided that avoiding changes in the chronic therapy of our patient was the best management because she had reached clinical stability before pregnancy and discontinuation of therapy may pose an addition risk. In...
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2014
We report a rare case of rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis excised under ultrasound guidance.... more We report a rare case of rectus abdominis muscle endometriosis excised under ultrasound guidance. A 36-year-old woman came to our observation presenting an abdominal nodule located in the right side of the umbilical area. Ultrasound of the abdominal wall showed two hypoechogenic nodules in the context of the right rectus abdominis muscle and a fine-needle aspiration, performed under ultrasound guidance, confirmed the diagnosis of endometriosis. The patient underwent surgical excision of the lesions. Intraoperative localization was performed through ultrasonography. In our case, the diagnosis was essentially based on ultrasound scan. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were not performed. A high-resolution ultrasound is a simple, inexpensive and safe method and is sufficient for indicating surgery. Furthermore, the use of intraoperative ultrasound allowed adequate margins of excision.
Uploads
Papers