Papers by Martine Flament
Body Image, 2012
This study investigates body esteem factors (weight-esteem and appearance-esteem) as mediators of... more This study investigates body esteem factors (weight-esteem and appearance-esteem) as mediators of the relationship between 'internalization of the ideal body figure' and disordered eating behaviors (restrained, emotional and external eating) in a community sample of adolescent males (n=810) and females (n=1137) from the Ontario Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study. Mediation models were examined using a bootstrapping approach to test indirect effects and indirect contrasts. In males, weight-esteem partially mediated the relationship between muscular ideal and restrained eating; appearance-esteem partially mediated effects in the emotional and external eating regressions. In females, both weight-esteem and appearance-esteem partially mediated the relationship between thin ideal and all three forms of disordered eating; weight-esteem was a stronger mediator for restrained eating, and appearance-esteem a stronger mediator for emotional and external eating. Body esteem is important to consider for prevention and treatment of disordered eating in both genders.
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Journal of physical activity & health
To examine the association between volume and intensity of physical activity (PA) and depressive ... more To examine the association between volume and intensity of physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms, anxiety, and body image in a large sample of adolescents in Ottawa and surrounding region. A total of 1259 (n=746 girls and n=513 boys) students responded to surveys on leisure time PA, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and body image. A dose response effect of intensity of PA and psychological distress was observed whereby those who performed greater bouts of vigorous PA exhibited better psychological adjustment than adolescents engaging in mild to moderate intensity activity. Gender impacted the results as vigorous PA was associated with reduced depression but not anxiety in boys, and reduced anxiety but not depression in girls. The positive association between total volume of PA and psychological functioning in the overall sample was no longer significant when gender was considered, except for reduced anxiety in girls. Vigorous PA was associated with reductions in depressive sym...
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The Journal of nervous and mental disease
A partial hospitalization program was developed for youth with moderate to severe psychiatric dis... more A partial hospitalization program was developed for youth with moderate to severe psychiatric disorders. The objectives of this study were to prospectively assess changes from admission to discharge in the participants' clinical symptoms and psychosocial functioning, as well as the maintenance of any treatment gains at 3-month follow-up. In this naturalistic treatment study, 55 youth completed both the youth partial hospitalization program and the study. Diagnosis at admission was established by a psychiatrist based on a clinical assessment and a structured diagnostic interview. Clinician-rated and self-report measures of symptoms and psychosocial functioning were administered at admission, discharge, and follow-up to track changes over time. Clinically and statistically significant improvements were found in both symptoms and psychosocial functioning from admission to discharge on all study measures. Furthermore, these gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. The results sug...
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Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
To estimate jointly the point prevalence of weight and eating disorders in a community sample of ... more To estimate jointly the point prevalence of weight and eating disorders in a community sample of adolescents; to investigate psychosocial correlates of thinness, overweight, and obesity, and of full- and subthreshold eating disorders (EDs); and to examine the relationships between weight status and prevalence of EDs. A total of 3,043 Canadian adolescents (1,254 males and 1,789 females; mean age = 14.19 years, SD = 1.61 years) completed self-report questionnaires, including the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, and measures of psychosocial functioning. Objective weight and height were collected, and weight status was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force body mass index growth curve centiles. In all, 29.5% (95% CI = 26.7, 32.5) of males and 22.8% (95% CI = 20.5, 25.2) of females were overweight or obese. A total of 2.2% (95% CI = 1.5, 3.2) of males and 4.5% (95% CI = 4.4, 4.5) of females met DSM-5 criteria for an ED; in addition, 1.1% (95% CI = 0.7, 1.9) of males ...
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Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015
To estimate jointly the point prevalence of weight and eating disorders in a community sample of ... more To estimate jointly the point prevalence of weight and eating disorders in a community sample of adolescents; to investigate psychosocial correlates of thinness, overweight, and obesity, and of full- and subthreshold eating disorders (EDs); and to examine the relationships between weight status and prevalence of EDs. A total of 3,043 Canadian adolescents (1,254 males and 1,789 females; mean age = 14.19 years, SD = 1.61 years) completed self-report questionnaires, including the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, and measures of psychosocial functioning. Objective weight and height were collected, and weight status was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force body mass index growth curve centiles. In all, 29.5% (95% CI = 26.7, 32.5) of males and 22.8% (95% CI = 20.5, 25.2) of females were overweight or obese. A total of 2.2% (95% CI = 1.5, 3.2) of males and 4.5% (95% CI = 4.4, 4.5) of females met DSM-5 criteria for an ED; in addition, 1.1% (95% CI = 0.7, 1.9) of males and 5.1% (95% CI = 4.0, 6.5) of females were identified with a subthreshold ED. Both full- and subthreshold EDs were significantly associated with markedly impaired psychosocial functioning. There was a significant relationship between prevalence of EDs and weight status, with an increased risk for a bulimic disorder in obese relative to normal-weight males (odds ratio [OR] = 7.86) and females (OR = 3.27). This study provides estimates for the prevalence of DSM-5 EDs in adolescents, further support for their impact on mental health, and new evidence for an association between bulimic disorders and obesity. Results call for an integrated approach in research and prevention regarding the whole spectrum of eating- and weight-related disorders.
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European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2002
The interpersonal dependency inventory comprised three subscales called Emotional reliance of ano... more The interpersonal dependency inventory comprised three subscales called Emotional reliance of another person (ER), lack of social self confidence (LSS) and Assertion of autonomy (AUT). Several formula have been developed for deriving whole-scale scores. The aim of the study on 621 addictive subjects was to determine the best formula using the DSM-IV dependent personality disorder as gold standard. The formula 3 ER + LSS - AUT yielded the best values of sensitivity and specificity.
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Int. J. Eat. Disord., 2006
The objective of the present work is to determine whether the prevalence of depressive and anxiet... more The objective of the present work is to determine whether the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders varies in subgroups of eating disorders (ED) according to age, ED duration, mode of care provision, and body mass index (BMI). Using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders was evaluated in 271 ED participants. Their prevalence was compared in subgroups of anorexics (AN-R and AN-BN) and bulimics (BN), both before and after controlling for potential confounding variables. Current or lifetime comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders did not differ between AN-R and AN-BN groups. Social phobia, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were significantly more frequent in AN-BN and AN-R groups. Panic disorder was more frequent in the BN group. Several confounding factors, in particular those identified in the present study, may explain previous conflicting results on the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in ED. Nevertheless, the study confirmed that OCD is more frequent in AN, even after controlling for confounding factors.
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Substance Use & Misuse, 2004
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Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1988
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Adolescence: An Epidemiological Study MARTINE F. FLAMENT, MD, AG... more Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Adolescence: An Epidemiological Study MARTINE F. FLAMENT, MD, AGNES WHITAKER, MD, JUDITH L. RAPOPORT, MD, MARK DA VIES, MPH, CAROL ZAREMBA BERG, MA, KEVIN KALIKOW, MD, WALTER SCEERY, MSW, ...
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Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1988
In the first stage of a two-stage epidemiologic study of obsessive compulsive symptoms in nonrefe... more In the first stage of a two-stage epidemiologic study of obsessive compulsive symptoms in nonreferred adolescents, 81.3% of a county-wide population of high school students (N = 5596) completed a survey form of the Leyton Obsessional InventoryChild Version. The 20-item self report ...
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Journal of affective disorders, 2014
Recent findings suggest that remissions of maternal depression are associated with decrease in of... more Recent findings suggest that remissions of maternal depression are associated with decrease in offspring psychopathology. Little is known about the offspring effects of decrease in paternal depression. The offspring of married fathers and married mothers were compared. The analysis was restricted to married parents to control for the confounding effect of single parenthood which was more prevalent among depressed mothers. At baseline all parents met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), and participated in a 3 month randomized controlled trial to treat depression with a 6 month follow-up. Married parents (N=43) and their children aged 7-17 years (N=78) were assessed independently through direct interviews of children and parents at baseline and followed for 9 months. Child assessors were blind to the clinical status of parents and uninvolved in their treatment. At baseline, children of depressed fathers, compared to children of depressed mothers, had significantly fewer psyc...
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European Psychiatry, 1997
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European Psychiatry, 2003
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Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2011
Family meals have been identified as a protective factor against obesity among youth. However, ge... more Family meals have been identified as a protective factor against obesity among youth. However, gender specificities with respect to the relationship between the frequency of family meals and body mass index (BMI) have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the frequency of family meals and BMI in male and female adolescents, while controlling for potential confounding factors associated with BMI, such as parental education, adolescent's age, and snack-food eating. Research participants were 734 male and 1030 female students (mean age, 14.12 years, SD = 1.62) recruited from middle schools and high schools in the capital region of Canada. Participants completed validated, self-report measures to assess the frequency of family meals and the risk factors associated with increased BMI, which was derived from objective measures of height and weight. After controlling for proposed confounding variables, a higher frequency of family meals was associated with lower BMI in females, but not in males. A Z-transformation test of the homogeneity of adjusted correlation coefficients showed a significant trend (p = 0.06), indicating that the relationship between family meals and BMI is stronger in females than males, consistent with our regression analyses. Our findings suggest that eating together as a family may be a protective factor against obesity in female adolescents, but not in male adolescents. Findings from this study have important implications for parents and health care practitioners advocating for more frequent family meals as part of a comprehensive obesity prevention and treatment program for female adolescents.
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Papers by Martine Flament