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SIGLECNRS T 56543 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
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National audienceUne grande diversité d'organismes a développé un mode de vie collectif dont la complexité varie de simples agrégats indifférenciés à des sociétés hautement intégrées. Si les comportements sociaux sont exprimés de... more
National audienceUne grande diversité d'organismes a développé un mode de vie collectif dont la complexité varie de simples agrégats indifférenciés à des sociétés hautement intégrées. Si les comportements sociaux sont exprimés de manière permanente chez ces espèces, ils peuvent également l'être de façon transitoire. C'est notamment le cas pour les juvéniles de nombreuses espèces, dont le comportement est caractérisé par une attraction et une tolérance mutuelle qui tend à disparaître au cours du développement. L'expression de tels comportements repose sur l'existence de mécanismes permettant la distinction entre congénères et proies. La cohésion sociale des juvéniles requiert donc la mise en place précoce de mécanismes de reconnaissance des apparentés. Chez les araignées, un premier stade nymphal immobile est réalisé dans le cocon avant l'émergence. Celle-ci est suivie par une phase grégaire caractérisée notamment par une interattraction, une tolérance mutuell...
International audienceLes araignées offrent une gamme étendue d’organisations sociales, différant par la complexité des interactions entre congénères ainsi que par leur durée. Cette gamme va des espèces solitaires, où les interactions... more
International audienceLes araignées offrent une gamme étendue d’organisations sociales, différant par la complexité des interactions entre congénères ainsi que par leur durée. Cette gamme va des espèces solitaires, où les interactions entre les individus sont limitées au comportement reproducteur, jusqu’aux espèces sociales où un nombre important d’individus de tout âge coexistent au sein de sociétés permanentes. Entre ces deux extrêmes, on rencontre des formes intermédiaires d’organisation chez lesquelles la vie sociale est limitée à une période plus ou moins longue de la vie juvénile (extension temporelle du groupement mère-jeune), ou bien ne se manifeste que dans certaines conditions écologiques (agrégation d'individus adultes favorisée par l'abondance des ressources alimentaires). L'observation de la vie grégaire avec tolérance mutuelle (mère-jeunes et jeunes-jeunes) constitue actuellement une base de travail pour rechercher les facteurs capables d'inciter les je...
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National audienceLa nutrition est reconnue comme un déterminant fondamental de la cohésion sociale par son influence majeure dans l'interaction entre ontogénèse, physiologie et comportement. La compréhension de ces mécanismes revêt... more
National audienceLa nutrition est reconnue comme un déterminant fondamental de la cohésion sociale par son influence majeure dans l'interaction entre ontogénèse, physiologie et comportement. La compréhension de ces mécanismes revêt une importance particulière dans l'étude des phénomènes de dispersion observés chez les 25 espèces transitoirement sociales. Bien que cette transition ait fait l'objet d'une attention particulière d'un point de vue fonctionnel, les déterminants physiologiques de la dispersion sont demeurés largement inexplorés. De même que chez une grande diversité d'organismes, la majorité des espèces d'araignées présente une phase juvénile grégaire dont la durée est fortement dépendante de la disponibilité en proies. L'étude de l'interaction entre nutrition et comportement a démontré le rôle primordial de la communication chimique comme facteur de cohésion sociale. Dans ce contexte, notre étude s'est intéressée à l'interaction entre disponibilité en proies, état nutritionnel et communication chimique et à son influence sur le maintien de la cohésion sociale chez les juvéniles d'Agelena labyrinthica. Notre expérience a consisté à élever des juvéniles d'Agelena labyrinthica sous différents régimes alimentaires durant trois stades développementaux. À chaque stade, les individus ont été introduits par paires dans des arènes circulaires afin de déterminer la nature des interactions interindividuelles. Les individus ont ensuite été sacrifiés pour déterminer leur état nutritionnel par dosage des triglycérides et pour caractériser la nature de leurs profils en lipides cuticulaires. Nos résultats confirment que l'augmentation des comportements agonistiques au cours du développement est corrélée à des modifications du profil en lipides cuticulaires. Cependant, nous mettons également en évidence un découplage entre état nutritionnel, comportement et profil cuticulaire au cours du premier stade de développement. Cette étude accroit notre compréhension de l'interaction entre maintien de la cohésion sociale, état nutritionnel et communication chimique et nous permet de proposer un modèle plus détaillé des mécanismes impliqués dans la transition entre comportement social et solitaire au cours du développement
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International audienceEn las especies ovíparas, los lípidos presentes en el vitelo, son la principal fuente de energía necesaria para el desarrollo del embrión, crecimiento y supervivencia de las larvas. Para este estudio, se capturaron... more
International audienceEn las especies ovíparas, los lípidos presentes en el vitelo, son la principal fuente de energía necesaria para el desarrollo del embrión, crecimiento y supervivencia de las larvas. Para este estudio, se capturaron en campo a lo largo de todo un año, machos y hembras en diferentes estadíos reproductivos de Polybetes pythagoricus (pre-vitelogénico, vitelogénico temprano, vitelogénico y post-vitelogénico). Se analizaron las fluctuaciones de los diferentes lípidos y ácidos grasos presentes en divertículo intestinal, ovario, músculo y hemolinfa. Por primera vez en arañas se determinaron los índices gonadosomático y hepatosomático. El divertículo intestinal mostró ser el órgano que posee mayor concentración lipídica, siendo los triacilglicéridos los lípidos mayoritarios, demostrando su función de órgano metabólicamente activo. A lo largo de la vitelogénesis se observó una importante acumulación de lípidos en el ovario. Sorpresivamente la fosfatidiletanolamina fue el...
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International audienceEl desarrollo embrionario y post-embrionario de la araña lobo (Pardosa saltans) se realiza dentro de la ooteca e incluye dos períodos, un período embrionario y un período postembrionario después de la eclosión... more
International audienceEl desarrollo embrionario y post-embrionario de la araña lobo (Pardosa saltans) se realiza dentro de la ooteca e incluye dos períodos, un período embrionario y un período postembrionario después de la eclosión (evento donde las crías emergen del huevo, pero no de la ooteca). En el presente trabajo hemos estudiado el costo energético de las diferentes etapas del desarrollo embrionario y post-embrionario. Se realizó la primera caracterización bioquímica del vitelo de huevos, embriones y juveniles de arañas lobo. Tanto en huevos como en embriones en diferentes estadios se observó la presencia de lipovitelinas (LVs), compuestas de cuatro apolipoproteínas de 116, 87, 70 y 42 kDa. Las LVs representan entre el 35-45% de las proteínas totales durante el desarrollo. Los principales lípidos de las LVs fueron triglicéridos,fosfolípidos, ácidos grasos libres y esteroles. El contenido calórico del huevo fue de 127 cal/g de peso húmedo, el cual correspondió a 91 cal/g de pro...
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National audienceIn the major part of arthropods, included arachnids, the female limits her progeny cares at the construction of an egg-sac before abandoning it.But in some species of spiders, the female stay near her egg-sac and take... more
National audienceIn the major part of arthropods, included arachnids, the female limits her progeny cares at the construction of an egg-sac before abandoning it.But in some species of spiders, the female stay near her egg-sac and take care of it until the young emergence. Pardosa saltans is a wanderingspider who transports her egg-sac attached to her spinnerets and takes care of it throughout the incubation period. The aim of our study is toidentify the effect of the egg-sac developmental status and the contact chemical signals perceived by the mother to start and maintain thismaternal behaviour
Data of the first experiment
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International audienceAccording to the optimal foraging theory, diet selection by herbivorous insects should result from a trade-off between food quality and food quantity. Indeed, these insects are expected to optimize their food choice... more
International audienceAccording to the optimal foraging theory, diet selection by herbivorous insects should result from a trade-off between food quality and food quantity. Indeed, these insects are expected to optimize their food choice by balancing nutrient intake on the one hand, while minimizing toxicity from specific secondary metabolites in their host plants on the other. While optimal foraging theory has been used to understand food foraging and selection by some generalist herbivore insects, it has seldom been applied to specialist herbivores to understand how they choose among different plant parts or tissues. Yet, within-plant variability of primary compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins can highly influence tissue nutritional quality. The same variability also exists for secondary toxic compounds. Profitability of plant tissues also depends on architecture, organ size and physical defenses. These three factors (nutritional quality, toxicity, morphology) are rarely studied together but all could condition within-plant feeding patterns. We tried to explain feeding patterns of the pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus), a pollinivorous insect and a pest of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in Europe. We observed a clear feeding pattern, with insects preferring young buds in the center of the inflorescence. However, this pattern seems rather counterintuitive because of the low quantity of pollen present in these non-mature buds. We used behavioral and performance experiments paired with chemical analyses of plant tissues and insects to understand how constraints such as nutritional quality, organ toxicity and accessibility of the pollen may explain such paradox
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We investigated the possibility that stallion whinnies, known to encode caller size, also en-coded information about caller arousal and fertility, and the reactions of mares in relation to type of voice. Voice acoustic features are... more
We investigated the possibility that stallion whinnies, known to encode caller size, also en-coded information about caller arousal and fertility, and the reactions of mares in relation to type of voice. Voice acoustic features are correlated with arousal and reproduction success, the lower-pitched the stallion’s voice, the slower his heart beat and the higher his fertility. Fe-males from three study groups preferred playbacks of low-pitched voices. Hence, females are attracted by frequencies encoding for large male size, calmness and high fertility. More work is needed to explore the relative importance of morpho-physiological features. Assor-tative mating may be involved as large females preferred voices of larger stallions. Our study contributes to basic and applied ongoing research on mammal reproduction, and questions the mechanisms used by females to detect males ’ fertility.
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The social context experienced during early ontogeny can have lifelong consequences on the expression of social skills, and social isolation during development frequently impairs social competence. In this study, we used spiders as a... more
The social context experienced during early ontogeny can have lifelong consequences on the expression of social skills, and social isolation during development frequently impairs social competence. In this study, we used spiders as a model to investigate whether early social experience shapes social performance later in life. In spiders, the juveniles of all species show a transient gregarious phase that extends after their emergence from the maternal cocoon and ends with the initiation of agonistic interactions and cannibalism. Most studies that investigated social interactions in spiderlings focused on kin recognition. However, the potential mechanisms shaping recognition and discrimination, and particularly the role of early social experience, received little attention. Therefore, we examined to what extent early social isolation can influence the expression of social behaviours. We also investigated the influence of familiarity and kinship, and of their interaction with social experience on the expression of cannibalism. Our results showed that social isolation of spiderlings of Agelena labyrinthica since the egg stage did not influence social performance after emergence. Our study advocates for the existence of a species-specific chemical signature inhibiting cannibalistic tendencies in spiderlings.
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Background Central sleep apnea is associated with poor prognosis and death in patients with heart failure. Adaptive servo-ventilation is a therapy that uses a noninvasive ventilator to treat central sleep apnea by delivering... more
Background Central sleep apnea is associated with poor prognosis and death in patients with heart failure. Adaptive servo-ventilation is a therapy that uses a noninvasive ventilator to treat central sleep apnea by delivering servo-controlled inspiratory pressure support on top of expiratory positive airway pressure. We investigated the effects of adaptive servo-ventilation in patients who had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and predominantly central sleep apnea. Methods We randomly assigned 1325 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% or less, an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 15 or more events (occurrences of apnea or hypopnea) per hour, and a predominance of central events to receive guideline-based medical treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation or guideline-based medical treatment alone (control). The primary end point in the time-to-event analysis was the first event of death from any cause, lifesaving cardiovascular intervention (cardiac transpl...
Research Interests: General Internal Medicine, Mortality, Cardiovascular disease, Medicine, Heart Failure, and 15 moreHumans, Blood Pressure, Hospitalization, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Ejection Fraction, Dysfunction, Central Sleep Apnea, Positive airway pressure, Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, and Intention to treat analysis
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Here I detail the effects of the abiotic/captive environment of an adult wandering spider, Pardosa saltans (Lycosidae) on its behaviour. These studies focused on spiders collected as adults in their natural environment and spiders... more
Here I detail the effects of the abiotic/captive environment of an adult wandering spider, Pardosa saltans (Lycosidae) on its behaviour. These studies focused on spiders collected as adults in their natural environment and spiders developed in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Wild-caught spiders were tested either immediately after capture or after being housed for 15 days post-collection. Laboratory reared spiders were kept in different environments: small or large space combined with the presence or absence of litter. Two tests evaluated by sex show the influence of these rearing conditions: an open-field test and a radial-arm maze test. The results show that wild caught spiders of both sexes tested immediately after capture weighed significantly less and were significantly more active than spiders housed in the laboratory for 15 days and spiders reared in the laboratory. Laboratory conditions induced a positive impact on body mass and negative impact on behaviour activ...
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Nous avons etudie l'activite locomotrice et les comportements d'araignees errantes femelles Pardosa saltans (Lycosidae), en periode de gardiennage de leur cocon, lorsqu'elle sont placees dans un nouvel environnement. Dans un... more
Nous avons etudie l'activite locomotrice et les comportements d'araignees errantes femelles Pardosa saltans (Lycosidae), en periode de gardiennage de leur cocon, lorsqu'elle sont placees dans un nouvel environnement. Dans un 1er temps nous avons observe le comportement d'une femelle en presence de son cocon. Dans un 2eme temps, nous l'avons compare avec le comportement d'une femelle en l'absence de son cocon puis apres qu'elle ait raccroche celui-ci. Nos resultats montrent que la femelle avec son cocon manifeste d'abord une faible activite locomotrice et des comportements diriges vers le cocon qui varient en fonction de l'âge de celui-ci. Lorsque la femelle se retrouve sans cocon, son activite locomotrice augmente. Elle presente un comportement de recherche caracterise par l’apparition de nouveaux comportements ; le repli des premieres pattes vers le cephalothorax et le frottement de l'abdomen au sol lors de ses deplacements. Cette forte a...
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La chemoreception des cetaces a ete tres peu etudiee et les resultats des quelques etudes connues, notamment neurobiologiques et genetiques, sont contradictoires. Nous avons donc teste si des dauphins captifs pouvaient percevoir des... more
La chemoreception des cetaces a ete tres peu etudiee et les resultats des quelques etudes connues, notamment neurobiologiques et genetiques, sont contradictoires. Nous avons donc teste si des dauphins captifs pouvaient percevoir des stimuli chimiques presentes sous differentes formes. Dans une premiere etude (collaboration Univ. Rennes – Univ. Dijon – Planete Sauvage), nous avons teste si des dauphins etaient capables de discriminer differents stimuli gustatifs. Pour cela, nous avons utilise des glacons aromatises avec des gouts differents de hareng, de saumon, de crevette ainsi que des glacons « neutres ». Les glacons etaient distribues chaque fois qu’un dauphin le demandait et nous mesurions les latences individuelles de quemande. L’analyse revele que les dauphins mettent plus de temps a revenir apres un glacon au poisson qu’apres un glacon neutre ou a la crevette. Les glacons ne differant ni visuellement, ni en texture, seule la gustation a pu etre utilisee par les cetaces pour d...
The use of pesticides for pest control impacts on ecosystems, affecting directly or indirectly non-target organisms such as spiders. How they respond in the face of xenobiotics depends, among other factors, on their energetic state, which... more
The use of pesticides for pest control impacts on ecosystems, affecting directly or indirectly non-target organisms such as spiders. How they respond in the face of xenobiotics depends, among other factors, on their energetic state, which is a reflection of their metabolic state. In the present work we assess the energetic state of Polybetes pythagoricus in different metabolic situations (females before and after vitellogenesis, juvenile, and adult males), and how cypermethrin affects mortality, the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation. As a result, it was observed that the calories provided by both glycogen and lipids in females before and after vitellogenesis were 38.1 and 22.4 cal/gr respectively. In the case of malesand juveniles, the values were of 33.4 cal/gr and 56.1 cal/gr respectively. The triacylglyceride/free fatty acid relation determined that juveniles have higher lipid dynamics. The LD50 for females before and after vitellogenesis were 969 ...
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In arthropods, nutrition has so far mostly been addressed from the perspective of individual animals but an increasing number of studies focus on the influence of nutritional state on the regulation of social interactions. The influence... more
In arthropods, nutrition has so far mostly been addressed from the perspective of individual animals but an increasing number of studies focus on the influence of nutritional state on the regulation of social interactions. The influence of variations in nutritional supply on social cohesion is particularly crucial in species showing transient gregariousness, such as spiders. While a solitary lifestyle characterizes the vast majority of species at adulthood, all spider species undergo a transient gregarious phase during the early stages of development. Our project aimed at examining the link between food supply and nutritional status on the nature of social interactions in gregarious spiderlings of the solitary spider Agelena labyrinthica. In our experiments, spiderlings were reared under diets differing in prey quantities. At three different development stages (i.e. instars), pairs of spiderlings were introduced into a circular arena to quantify their interactions. After the complet...
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The use of pesticides for plague control in agroecosystems generates a threat to wildlife and a major problem for human health. Pesticide compounds are also an important source of water and atmosphere contamination. Although insecticides... more
The use of pesticides for plague control in agroecosystems generates a threat to wildlife and a major problem for human health. Pesticide compounds are also an important source of water and atmosphere contamination. Although insecticides are effective on their target organisms, they often affect organisms that are not their target. The aim of the present study was to research the effects of 3 types of neurotoxic insecticides—a pyrethroid (cypermethrin), a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid), and an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos)—on behavioral and physiological parameters of Pardosa saltans spider (Lycosidae). Our study analyzed for the first time the exploratory behavior of the spider mothers in the presence of these 3 insecticides on their egg‐sacs and also on the ground. We also evaluated the oxidative stress effects on the juveniles hatched in the egg‐sac protected by silk in relation to variations in detoxification enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation (reactive oxygen species [ROS]). The results show that these insecticides are repellents for mothers (cypermethrin is the most repellent), and maternal behavior is modified after detection of an insecticide on their egg‐sac but mothers do not abandon their egg‐sacs. These neurotoxic insecticides affect the juveniles inside their egg‐sac. Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos caused more oxidative stress in juveniles than did imidacloprid. The ROS generated by these insecticides seemed to be adequately eliminated by the juveniles' antioxidant systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2861–2873. © 2021 SETAC
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Aestivation and dispersive migration are the two strategies evoked in literature to explain the way by which malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae, survive the harsh climatic conditions of the dry season in sub-Saharan... more
Aestivation and dispersive migration are the two strategies evoked in literature to explain the way by which malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae, survive the harsh climatic conditions of the dry season in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the physiological mechanisms regulating these two strategies are unknown. Here, mosquito species were submitted to controlled environmental parameters mimicking the rainy and dry seasons conditions of south-western Burkina Faso. Survival strategies were studied through morphometric (wing length), ecophysiological (respiratory gas exchanges), biochemical (cuticular hydrocarbons composition) and molecular (AKH mRNA expression levels) parameters of which variations are classically considered as hallmarks of aestivation and dispersion mechanisms in various insects. Our results showed that ecophysiological and morphometric adjustments are put in place in both species to prevent water losses during the dry season. However, the classical metabo...
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Research Interests: Zoology, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Biology, Medicine, and 4 moreMobility, Maternal care, Arachnids, and Elsevier
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Spiders are able to detect chemicals with chemoreceptors situated on the distal part of all legs. We report here a morphological description and the distribution of these sensilla in Tegenaria airica (Koch). Comparisons have been done... more
Spiders are able to detect chemicals with chemoreceptors situated on the distal part of all legs. We report here a morphological description and the distribution of these sensilla in Tegenaria airica (Koch). Comparisons have been done between adults and young spiders. We studied also the differences between chemoreceptors and other threadlike sensilla La détection de l'univers chimique des araignées s'effectue à l'aide de sensilles chémoréceptrices situées principalement au niveau de l'extrémité distale des pattes. Nous reportons ici une description morphologique de ces sensilles ainsi que leur répartition au niveau des pattes chez Tegenaria atrita (Koch). La comparaison a été faite entre les adultes et les jeunes araignées venant juste d'émerger. L'étude a porté également sur les différences existant entre ces sensilles chémoréceptrices et les autres sensilles de type filiforme présentes chez cette espèce
The Halictine bees dig in the earth a nest containing several cells that they line with a varnish widely issued from their Dufour's gland. This gland produces substances whose smell on the body helps individual recognitions. The... more
The Halictine bees dig in the earth a nest containing several cells that they line with a varnish widely issued from their Dufour's gland. This gland produces substances whose smell on the body helps individual recognitions. The various populations of the species Evylaeus albipes are some social (Aquitaine), others non-social (Lorraine) and these differences in the behaviour are combined with differences in the substances secreted by the Dufour's gland. The closely related species Evylaeus calceatus is social in its populations from both Lorraine and Aquitaine, and the Dufour's glands in these two populations show only small differences between them Les Abeilles Halictines creusent en terre un nid contenant plusieurs cellules qu'elles tapissent d'un vernis largement issu de leur glande de Dufour. Cette glande produit des substances dont l'odeur sur le corps sert aux reconnaissances individuelles. Les différentes populations de l'espèce Evylaeus albipes se...
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We review here spider social contact pheromones. Spider contact pheromones are typically associated with the silk, draglines or substrate, and body cuticle. The chemical composition of the cuticle, especially the lipid layer, can be used... more
We review here spider social contact pheromones. Spider contact pheromones are typically associated with the silk, draglines or substrate, and body cuticle. The chemical composition of the cuticle, especially the lipid layer, can be used for information transfer. These substances act as releaser pheromones and are identified by the spider after contact with another animal. Behavioural observations demonstrate that chemical contact compounds are able to inhibit aggressive behaviour between conspecifics (prevent cannibalism). Different studies have shown that qualitative and/or quantitative changes in cuticular lipids could play a role in intra- and interspecific relationships in spiders. Knowledge of the function and mode of action of cuticular compounds is only fragmentary in arachnid groups. The endocrine regulation of contact pheromone synthesis is not known.
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Mammalian, including human, neonates are considered to be obligate nose breathers. When constrained to breathe through their mouth in response to obstructed or closed nasal passages, the effects are pervasive and profound, and sometimes... more
Mammalian, including human, neonates are considered to be obligate nose breathers. When constrained to breathe through their mouth in response to obstructed or closed nasal passages, the effects are pervasive and profound, and sometimes last into adulthood. The present paper briefly surveys neonates' and infants' responses to this atypical mobilisation of the mouth for breathing and focuses on comparisons between human newborns and infants and the neonatal rat model. We present the effects of forced oral breathing on neonatal rats induced by experimental nasal obstruction. We assessed the multilevel consequences on physiological, structural, and behavioural variables, both during and after the obstruction episode. The effects of the compensatory mobilisation of oral resources for breathing are discussed in the light of the adaptive development of oromotor functions.
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... total hydrocarbons in three Tegenaria spp.(Trabalon etal., 1996, 1997) as in the scorpion Paruroctonus mesaen-sis (Hadley and Jackson ... tation behavior, as well as courtship behavior (Hegdekar and Dondale, 1969; Blanke, 1975;... more
... total hydrocarbons in three Tegenaria spp.(Trabalon etal., 1996, 1997) as in the scorpion Paruroctonus mesaen-sis (Hadley and Jackson ... tation behavior, as well as courtship behavior (Hegdekar and Dondale, 1969; Blanke, 1975; Dijkstra, 1976; Tietjen, 1979; Suter and Renkes ...