Ginkgo biloba L., e uma gimnosperma lenhosa, que sintetiza valiosos metabolitos, os glicosideos f... more Ginkgo biloba L., e uma gimnosperma lenhosa, que sintetiza valiosos metabolitos, os glicosideos flavonoides (quercetina, kaempferol e isorhamnetina) e as lactonas terpenicas (ginkgolideos e bilobalideo) (Van Beek et al., 1998). Estes metabolitos sao amplamente utilizados na medicina, em funcao de suas propriedades terapeuticas, que estao relacionadas a regulacao da circulacao sanguinea e protecao contra radicais livres (O’Reilly, 1993). Estes compostos sao acumulados nas folhas, cascas, e nas raizes de ginkgo (Yu et al., 1999). As industrias farmaceuticas tem explorado o potencial medicinal dos compostos extraidos principalmente das folhas do ginkgo, atraves da producao de extratos padronizados. No entanto, a possibilidade de produzir in vitro os compostos medicinais de G. biloba, em calos e suspensoes celulares, tem despertado o interesse por pesquisas nesta area (Carrier et al., 1991; Balz et al., 1999; Yu et al., 1999; Kang et al., 2006). Os efeitos de diferentes fatores fisico-q...
Bixa orellana L. (annatto) is considered an important source of natural colorants for food, pharm... more Bixa orellana L. (annatto) is considered an important source of natural colorants for food, pharmaceutical and textile industries and Brazil is one of the largest producers and exporters of this natural dye extracted from this plant. The morphological characterization of fruits, evaluation of seed productivity and the content of carotenoid bixin present in freshly harvested and stored seeds for periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, were performed on 10 genotypes of annatto to provide subsidies for the selection of superior genotypes for these characteristics. There were variations in all evaluated characteristics between the 10 genotypes. The fruit of all genotypes are covered with bristles or hairs, have reddish, green, yellow or red color, and two basic forms, oval or lanceolate. The fruits had average lengths ranging from 3.1 to 4.8 cm, and widths between 2.4 to 3.1 cm. The average number of seeds per fruit ranged from 41.5 to 50.6. The mass of 100 seeds varied from 1.1 to 2.24 g. ...
A gerbera (Gerbera spp.) pertence a Familia Asteraceae, cuja inflorescencia tipica e o capitulo. ... more A gerbera (Gerbera spp.) pertence a Familia Asteraceae, cuja inflorescencia tipica e o capitulo. Nessa especie, os capitulos sao formados por flores vistosas, que variam quanto a forma da corola, sexualidade, simetria, fusao de orgaos e pigmentacao. A propagacao da gerbera pode ser realizada por sementes. Porem, esse metodo proporciona uma grande variabilidade devido a segregacao genetica, provocando a perda de caracteristicas de interesse comercial. Em decorrencia do grande mercado para gerbera, a micropropagacao surge como uma tecnica eficiente de propagacao, por permitir obter um maior numero de plantas em um curto espaco de tempo, com um alto padrao genetico e fitossanitario. Alem disso, possibilita manipular e programar a cultura para o uso racional das estufas, uma vez que a producao independe da estacao do ano. Essa tecnica tambem contribui para a reducao do numero de plantas matrizes necessarias para a producao de novas plantas e facilita o intercâmbio de material entre pais...
This work was conducted to confirm the chromosomes number of Gerbera hybrida Hort. cultivars, to ... more This work was conducted to confirm the chromosomes number of Gerbera hybrida Hort. cultivars, to determine the chromosomes number in the non commercial accessions of Gerbera sp., and to estimate the pollen viability and the possibility of crossings among different accessions. Root-tip and pollen were collected from six cultivars and seven non commercial accessions. The collected material was stained with acetic carmim at 45%. The chromosome counting was performed in metafasic intact cells and the pollen viability estimated by counting the number of viable and non viable pollen grains. The crossing possibility among cultivars and among cultivars and non commercial accessions was evaluated through the hybridization between the feminine cv. Terra Fame and A8 and masculine genitors, cvs. Cariba and Azteca. All accessions presented fifty chromosomes, indicating that the morphological variation in the capitulum (simple, semidouble and double) is not due to the chromosome number mutation o...
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrencia de geitonogamia e apomixia em gerbera, ... more Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrencia de geitonogamia e apomixia em gerbera, confirmar o numero de cromossomos nos diferentes hibridos de gerbera (hibridos de capitulos simples, semidobrado e dobrado), determinar o numero de cromossomos nos acessos nao melhorados coletados no Rio Grande do Sul e Espirito Santo e a taxa de viabilidade do polen, a fim de avaliar a relacao citogenetica e a possibilidade de cruzamentos entre os acessos estudados, alem de fornecer subsidios para o melhoramento de gerbera atraves da determinacao do sistema de reproducao.
The objective of this work was to determine high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and ... more The objective of this work was to determine high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and their relationship with technological quality parameters in a collection of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) genotypes. Two hundred and seventy-two accessions were evaluated on SDS-Page, and molecular markers were used to identify the 7oe allele and 1BL.1RS translocation. For 219 accessions with a homogenous glutenin profile, 53 profiles and 21 alleles were identified. The most frequent combination was 2*/7+9/5+10 (11.9%). The mean value of genetic diversity for the three assessed Glu-1 loci was 0.67. Based on the HMW-GS profile and on the presence of the 1BL.1RS translocation, the Glu-1 score was calculated and its correlation with technological quality parameters was analyzed. The main effects of the Glu-1 loci and of the 1BL.1RS translocation were estimated. The Glu-1 score showed a significant positive correlation with sedimentation volume, gluten strength, dough tenacity, dough extensibi...
The elucidation of the resistance mechanism of weeds to herbicides is important for management pr... more The elucidation of the resistance mechanism of weeds to herbicides is important for management practices. The objective of this work was to investigate the resistance mechanism of glyphosate-resistant C. sumatrensis biotypes by determining the expression levels of the constitutive gene epsps and two ABC transport protein-coding genes designated m7 and m11 with RT-qPCR. Two biotypes of C. sumatrensis were evaluated: one resistant and one susceptible to glyphosate. The treatments consisted of the absence or application of two doses of glyphosate (1,080 and 8,640 g a.e. ha-1). Plant leaves were collected at 1 and 4 days after herbicide application. No difference was observed in epsps gene expression between the studied biotypes. The expression of the m7 and m11 genes revealed that both genes had higher relative expression in the resistant biotype with the application of glyphosate at both doses. The overexpression of the m7 and m11 genes in the resistant biotype treated with glyphosate...
ABSTRACT: Gene stacking refers to the introduction of two or more transgenes of agronomic interes... more ABSTRACT: Gene stacking refers to the introduction of two or more transgenes of agronomic interest in the same plant. The main methods for genetically engineering plants with gene stacking involve (i) the simultaneous introduction, by the co-transformation process, and (ii) the sequential introduction of genes using the re-transformation processes or the sexual crossing between separate transgenic events. In general, the choice of the best method varies according to the species of interest and the availability of genetic constructions and preexisting transgenic events. We also present here the use of minichromosome technology as a potential future gene stacking technology. The purpose of this review was to discuss aspects related to the methodology for gene stacking and trait stacking (a gene stacking strategy to combine characteristics of agronomical importance) by genetic engineering. In addition, we presented a list of crops and genes approved commercially that have been used in ...
ABSTRACT: The asexually gene introduction by genetic engineering has brought enormous possibiliti... more ABSTRACT: The asexually gene introduction by genetic engineering has brought enormous possibilities to innovate plant breeding. However, principally because of the low in vitro response, genetic transformation has been restricted to only certain genotypes of agronomically significant species. With the objective of establishing a protocol for genetically transforming the Brazilian BR 451 maize variety through Agrobacterium tumefaciens, it was studied the capacity of plant regeneration in vitro from embryogenic calli cultivated in three regeneration media, each having different growth regulators. It was also evaluated the temperature stress effect on the transformation of the immature embryos with A. tumefaciens EHA 101 containing the plasmid pTF102 with uidA and bar genes. The BR 451 variety embryos and those of the Hi-II hybrid (control) were exposed to three treatments applied as they were being infected with the agrobacteria (a) infection at 25°C; (b) infection at 40°C; (c) pretre...
Ginkgo biloba L., e uma gimnosperma lenhosa, que sintetiza valiosos metabolitos, os glicosideos f... more Ginkgo biloba L., e uma gimnosperma lenhosa, que sintetiza valiosos metabolitos, os glicosideos flavonoides (quercetina, kaempferol e isorhamnetina) e as lactonas terpenicas (ginkgolideos e bilobalideo) (Van Beek et al., 1998). Estes metabolitos sao amplamente utilizados na medicina, em funcao de suas propriedades terapeuticas, que estao relacionadas a regulacao da circulacao sanguinea e protecao contra radicais livres (O’Reilly, 1993). Estes compostos sao acumulados nas folhas, cascas, e nas raizes de ginkgo (Yu et al., 1999). As industrias farmaceuticas tem explorado o potencial medicinal dos compostos extraidos principalmente das folhas do ginkgo, atraves da producao de extratos padronizados. No entanto, a possibilidade de produzir in vitro os compostos medicinais de G. biloba, em calos e suspensoes celulares, tem despertado o interesse por pesquisas nesta area (Carrier et al., 1991; Balz et al., 1999; Yu et al., 1999; Kang et al., 2006). Os efeitos de diferentes fatores fisico-q...
Bixa orellana L. (annatto) is considered an important source of natural colorants for food, pharm... more Bixa orellana L. (annatto) is considered an important source of natural colorants for food, pharmaceutical and textile industries and Brazil is one of the largest producers and exporters of this natural dye extracted from this plant. The morphological characterization of fruits, evaluation of seed productivity and the content of carotenoid bixin present in freshly harvested and stored seeds for periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, were performed on 10 genotypes of annatto to provide subsidies for the selection of superior genotypes for these characteristics. There were variations in all evaluated characteristics between the 10 genotypes. The fruit of all genotypes are covered with bristles or hairs, have reddish, green, yellow or red color, and two basic forms, oval or lanceolate. The fruits had average lengths ranging from 3.1 to 4.8 cm, and widths between 2.4 to 3.1 cm. The average number of seeds per fruit ranged from 41.5 to 50.6. The mass of 100 seeds varied from 1.1 to 2.24 g. ...
A gerbera (Gerbera spp.) pertence a Familia Asteraceae, cuja inflorescencia tipica e o capitulo. ... more A gerbera (Gerbera spp.) pertence a Familia Asteraceae, cuja inflorescencia tipica e o capitulo. Nessa especie, os capitulos sao formados por flores vistosas, que variam quanto a forma da corola, sexualidade, simetria, fusao de orgaos e pigmentacao. A propagacao da gerbera pode ser realizada por sementes. Porem, esse metodo proporciona uma grande variabilidade devido a segregacao genetica, provocando a perda de caracteristicas de interesse comercial. Em decorrencia do grande mercado para gerbera, a micropropagacao surge como uma tecnica eficiente de propagacao, por permitir obter um maior numero de plantas em um curto espaco de tempo, com um alto padrao genetico e fitossanitario. Alem disso, possibilita manipular e programar a cultura para o uso racional das estufas, uma vez que a producao independe da estacao do ano. Essa tecnica tambem contribui para a reducao do numero de plantas matrizes necessarias para a producao de novas plantas e facilita o intercâmbio de material entre pais...
This work was conducted to confirm the chromosomes number of Gerbera hybrida Hort. cultivars, to ... more This work was conducted to confirm the chromosomes number of Gerbera hybrida Hort. cultivars, to determine the chromosomes number in the non commercial accessions of Gerbera sp., and to estimate the pollen viability and the possibility of crossings among different accessions. Root-tip and pollen were collected from six cultivars and seven non commercial accessions. The collected material was stained with acetic carmim at 45%. The chromosome counting was performed in metafasic intact cells and the pollen viability estimated by counting the number of viable and non viable pollen grains. The crossing possibility among cultivars and among cultivars and non commercial accessions was evaluated through the hybridization between the feminine cv. Terra Fame and A8 and masculine genitors, cvs. Cariba and Azteca. All accessions presented fifty chromosomes, indicating that the morphological variation in the capitulum (simple, semidouble and double) is not due to the chromosome number mutation o...
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrencia de geitonogamia e apomixia em gerbera, ... more Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar a ocorrencia de geitonogamia e apomixia em gerbera, confirmar o numero de cromossomos nos diferentes hibridos de gerbera (hibridos de capitulos simples, semidobrado e dobrado), determinar o numero de cromossomos nos acessos nao melhorados coletados no Rio Grande do Sul e Espirito Santo e a taxa de viabilidade do polen, a fim de avaliar a relacao citogenetica e a possibilidade de cruzamentos entre os acessos estudados, alem de fornecer subsidios para o melhoramento de gerbera atraves da determinacao do sistema de reproducao.
The objective of this work was to determine high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and ... more The objective of this work was to determine high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and their relationship with technological quality parameters in a collection of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) genotypes. Two hundred and seventy-two accessions were evaluated on SDS-Page, and molecular markers were used to identify the 7oe allele and 1BL.1RS translocation. For 219 accessions with a homogenous glutenin profile, 53 profiles and 21 alleles were identified. The most frequent combination was 2*/7+9/5+10 (11.9%). The mean value of genetic diversity for the three assessed Glu-1 loci was 0.67. Based on the HMW-GS profile and on the presence of the 1BL.1RS translocation, the Glu-1 score was calculated and its correlation with technological quality parameters was analyzed. The main effects of the Glu-1 loci and of the 1BL.1RS translocation were estimated. The Glu-1 score showed a significant positive correlation with sedimentation volume, gluten strength, dough tenacity, dough extensibi...
The elucidation of the resistance mechanism of weeds to herbicides is important for management pr... more The elucidation of the resistance mechanism of weeds to herbicides is important for management practices. The objective of this work was to investigate the resistance mechanism of glyphosate-resistant C. sumatrensis biotypes by determining the expression levels of the constitutive gene epsps and two ABC transport protein-coding genes designated m7 and m11 with RT-qPCR. Two biotypes of C. sumatrensis were evaluated: one resistant and one susceptible to glyphosate. The treatments consisted of the absence or application of two doses of glyphosate (1,080 and 8,640 g a.e. ha-1). Plant leaves were collected at 1 and 4 days after herbicide application. No difference was observed in epsps gene expression between the studied biotypes. The expression of the m7 and m11 genes revealed that both genes had higher relative expression in the resistant biotype with the application of glyphosate at both doses. The overexpression of the m7 and m11 genes in the resistant biotype treated with glyphosate...
ABSTRACT: Gene stacking refers to the introduction of two or more transgenes of agronomic interes... more ABSTRACT: Gene stacking refers to the introduction of two or more transgenes of agronomic interest in the same plant. The main methods for genetically engineering plants with gene stacking involve (i) the simultaneous introduction, by the co-transformation process, and (ii) the sequential introduction of genes using the re-transformation processes or the sexual crossing between separate transgenic events. In general, the choice of the best method varies according to the species of interest and the availability of genetic constructions and preexisting transgenic events. We also present here the use of minichromosome technology as a potential future gene stacking technology. The purpose of this review was to discuss aspects related to the methodology for gene stacking and trait stacking (a gene stacking strategy to combine characteristics of agronomical importance) by genetic engineering. In addition, we presented a list of crops and genes approved commercially that have been used in ...
ABSTRACT: The asexually gene introduction by genetic engineering has brought enormous possibiliti... more ABSTRACT: The asexually gene introduction by genetic engineering has brought enormous possibilities to innovate plant breeding. However, principally because of the low in vitro response, genetic transformation has been restricted to only certain genotypes of agronomically significant species. With the objective of establishing a protocol for genetically transforming the Brazilian BR 451 maize variety through Agrobacterium tumefaciens, it was studied the capacity of plant regeneration in vitro from embryogenic calli cultivated in three regeneration media, each having different growth regulators. It was also evaluated the temperature stress effect on the transformation of the immature embryos with A. tumefaciens EHA 101 containing the plasmid pTF102 with uidA and bar genes. The BR 451 variety embryos and those of the Hi-II hybrid (control) were exposed to three treatments applied as they were being infected with the agrobacteria (a) infection at 25°C; (b) infection at 40°C; (c) pretre...
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