Eli Maga

Resumo Pode-se perceber na teologia crista ocidental a influencia da ontologia em sua formacao. A ontologia moldou a cosmovisao crista por meio da enfase em conceitos filosoficos gregos, e a utilizacao de lentes hermeneuticas modernas, e que sao estranhas as Escrituras. O objetivo deste artigo e identificar alguns destes elementos da ontologia grega e da moderna que influenciaram a teologia, forjando sua cosmovisao de dentro para fora. Alguns dos aspectos mais visiveis desta influencia podem ser percebidos na racionalizacao do conceito de fe; na interpretacao da doutrina da justificacao em termos juridicos romanos; na enfase exacerbada ao conceito de verdade, inocencia e culpa como valores metafisicos cristaos; a visao dualista da vida; na negligencia teologica quanto a ontologia da honra e da vergonha; e no rebaixamento da teologia a um meto aglomerado de conceitos doutrinarios. Termos biblicos como o logos joanino, a fe, a justificacao, o ser humano, e diversos outros, precisam se...

Pode-se perceber na teologia cristã ocidental a influência da ontologia em sua formação. A ontologia moldou a cosmovisão cristã por meio da ênfase em conceitos filosóficos gregos, e a utilização de lentes hermenêuticas modernas, e que são estranhas às Escrituras. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar alguns destes elementos da ontologia grega e da moderna que influenciaram a teologia, forjando sua cosmovisão de dentro para fora. Alguns dos aspectos mais visíveis desta influência podem ser percebidos na racionalização do conceito de fé; na interpretação da doutrina da justificação em termos jurídicos romanos; na ênfase exacerbada ao conceito de verdade, inocência e culpa como valores metafísicos cristãos; a visão dualista da vida; na negligência teológica quanto à ontologia da honra e da vergonha; e no rebaixamento da teologia a um meto aglomerado de conceitos doutrinários. Termos bíblicos como o logos joanino, a fé, a justificação, o ser humano, e diversos outros, precisam ser purificados da influência metafísica que foi projetada sobre eles. Além disso, é preciso pensar a ontologia a partir da revelação bíblica, a fim de oferecer ao pensamento teológico uma lente interpretativa que seja coerente com as Escrituras.

This article proposes a new approach to the anthropology of sin using the concept of subjectivity from the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard. The degradation of the theme of sin in society calls for its rethinking by theology. This research argues for a self-evident approach, considering human subjectivity as the key for a new anthropology of sin. It also claims a self-evident approach, considering human subjectivity as the key for contemporary anthropology of sin. While the first section defines the scope of this research, the second analyzes Kierkegaard’s anthropological insights, with particular emphasis on sin and subjectivity. It focuses on his concepts of anxiety, despair, untruth, and the self. In the third section, his ideas are theologically evaluated throughout history, considering selected theologians’ thoughts, also raising new insights. The fourth submits the concepts under the biblical evaluation, proposing new concepts for the anthropology of sin. Finally, in the fifth section, a theological formulation is elaborated, presenting new approaches for the anthropology of sin and raising some implications for theology.

This article contends that truth is trinitarian and that theology ought to treat epistemology existentially. To demonstrate this, a brief historical study is conducted on the development of the concept of truth and how different approaches revolve around the definitions of truth as ἀλήθεια, veritas, and תֶ מֱא .Even though these words translate the same in English, historically each one discloses different angles of truth. By emphasizing one of the definitions in detriment of others, it is argued that truth has been fragmented in distinct concepts apparently opposed. While ἀλήθεια emphasizes the Greek concept of truth, veritas highlights the Latin, and תֶ מֱא the Hebrew. The concepts are representatively demonstrated in the thoughts of Plato, Tertullian, Augustine, Descartes, Kant, and Kierkegaard. Accordingly, this article argues for the need to develop an epistemology that is not trichotomic with the concepts of truth dissociated in different spheres of knowledge, but rather, as a...

This article contends that truth is trinitarian and that theology ought to treat epistemology existentially. To demonstrate this, a brief historical study is conducted on the development of the concept of truth and how different approaches revolve around the definitions of truth as ἀλήθεια, veritas, and אֱמֶת. Even though these words translate the same in English, historically each one discloses different angles of truth. By emphasizing one of the definitions in detriment of others, it is argued that truth has been fragmented in distinct concepts apparently opposed. While ἀλήθεια emphasizes the Greek concept of truth, veritas highlights the Latin, and אֱמֶת the Hebrew. The concepts are representatively demonstrated in the thoughts of Plato, Tertullian, Augustine, Descartes, Kant, and Kierkegaard. Accordingly, this article argues for the need to develop an epistemology that is not trichotomic with the concepts of truth dissociated in different spheres of knowledge, but rather, as an inseparable single trinitarian truth. It is argued that there is a need to recover the meaning of truth from the Hebrew אֱמֶת, as an important concept that exposes truth as trinitarian, merging the concepts of ἀλήθεια and veritas under human existential reality. The study proposes that the epistemology of the Christian philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, is helpful for this understanding, especially concerning his concept of appropriation of truth. To exemplify the argument, Abraham’s test of sacrificing Isaac is analyzed. The trinitarian orientation of truth as proposed in this article provides a theological posture, framing truth as incarnational where “the righteous will live by the truth” (Romans 1:17, Galatians 3:11, Hebrews 10:38). Finally, this article also presents some implications for contemporary theology and the church, proposing that trinitarian epistemology is a theological antidote to current relativism. It also encourages the church to approach truth with a more comprehensive attitude, recognizing that every truth is God’s truth. Moreover, it invites the church to inoculate the anti-intellectualist mood present in some evangelical circles, approaching truth doxologically.