The outcome related negativity (ORN), an event-related potential (ERP) component around 200-250 ms, has been suggested to be an electrophysiological brain signature for the processing of loss and gain. This component has been suggested to... more
The outcome related negativity (ORN), an event-related potential (ERP) component around 200-250 ms, has been suggested to be an electrophysiological brain signature for the processing of loss and gain. This component has been suggested to involve theta band oscillations as a primary feature. The aim of the current study is to examine oscillatory activity and functional connectivity between frontal and parietal regions during the processing of monetary loss and gain. The sample consisted of 36 healthy individuals with the age range of 18-35 years. A 64-channel EEG was recorded continuously while the subjects were performing a gambling task that prompted the subject to select one of two amounts, 10 and 50. Loss (-50) and Gain (+50) conditions were analyzed using a Wavelet coherence method for frontal (FZ) and parietal (PZ) regions. Time-Frequency representation and Power and Coherence were plotted and compared between loss and gain conditions. Loss condition had more power at FZ while...
The developmental trajectories of theta band (4-7Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in... more
The developmental trajectories of theta band (4-7Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. These tasks call upon attentional and working memory resources. Large differences in developmental rates between males and females were found; scalp location and task modality (visual or auditory) differences within males and females were small compared to gender differences. Trajectories of interregional and intermodal correlations between ERO power values exhibited increases with age in both genders, but showed a divergence in development between auditory and visual systems during ages 16 to 21. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and imaging studies...
Background: Electrophysiological anomalies in individuals at risk for alcoholism have been previously reported using several tasks, including gambling paradigms. Studies have also identified deficits in reward processing as a key... more
Background: Electrophysiological anomalies in individuals at risk for alcoholism have been previously reported using several tasks, including gambling paradigms. Studies have also identified deficits in reward processing as a key cognitive component in alcoholism and as well as in predicting the risk to develop alcoholism. While reward processing deficits in alcoholics have been reported earlier, such anomalies in highrisk individuals have not been frequently studied. The goal of the present study is to elucidate patterns of current density activations during reward processing in individuals at high risk for developing alcoholism. Method: The sample comprised both male and female offspring from families in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) within the age range of 12-25 years; 742 high risk (HR) subjects who had at least one parent who was alcohol dependent and 428 low risk (LR) individuals without any parental history of alcohol dependence were included. S...
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Research Interests: Psychophysiology, Electrophysiology, Cognition, Attention, Electroencephalography, and 25 moreAdolescent, Information Processing, Human Information Processing, Problem Solving, Brain Mapping, Brain, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Mental processes, Delta, Cognitive Process, Vigilance, Oscillations, Electroencephalogram, Cognitive systems, Inhibitory Control, Middle Aged, Adult, Power Spectrum, Cognitive Model, Theta Rhythm, and Case Control Studies
This study examines the differences in beta (12-28 Hz) band power in offspring of male alcoholics from densely affected alcoholic families. We have attempted to investigate if the increase in beta power is a 'state' or... more
This study examines the differences in beta (12-28 Hz) band power in offspring of male alcoholics from densely affected alcoholic families. We have attempted to investigate if the increase in beta power is a 'state' or 'trait' marker for alcoholism. This study also explores the gender differences in the expression of this potential risk marker. Absolute beta power in three bands-beta 1(12-16 Hz), beta 2 (16-20 Hz), and beta 3 (20-28 Hz)-in the eyes closed EEG of 171 high risk (HR) subjects who were offspring of male alcoholics and 204 low risk (LR) subjects with no family history of alcoholism, were compared for each gender separately using a repeated measures analysis of variance design. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects within the high risk group were compared using a repeated measures design as a follow-up analysis. The present study demonstrated increased beta power in the resting EEG of offspring of male alcoholics. Male HR subjects had higher beta 1 (12-...
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We investigated the early evoked gamma frequency band activity in alcoholics (n=122) and normal controls (n=72) during a visual oddball task. A time-frequency representation method was applied to EEG data in order to obtain phase-locked... more
We investigated the early evoked gamma frequency band activity in alcoholics (n=122) and normal controls (n=72) during a visual oddball task. A time-frequency representation method was applied to EEG data in order to obtain phase-locked gamma band activity (29-45 Hz) and was analyzed within a 0-150 ms time window range. Significant reduction of the gamma band response in the frontal region during target stimulus processing was observed in alcoholic compared to control subjects. In contrast, significantly higher gamma band response for the non-target stimulus was observed in alcoholics compared to controls. It is suggested that the reduction in early evoked frontal gamma band response to targets may be associated with frontal lobe dysfunction commonly observed in alcoholics. This perhaps can be characterized by a deficient top-down processing mechanism.
Research Interests: Psychophysiology, Electroencephalography, Brain Mapping, Humans, Alcoholism, and 13 moreMale, Reaction Time, Oscillations, Gamma Band, Phase Locking, Adult, Top Down Processing, Analysis of Variance, Time Factors, Visual Evoked Potentials, Time Frequency Representation, Frontal Lobe, and Case Control Studies
This study investigates early evoked gamma band activity in male adolescent subjects at high risk for alcoholism (HR; n=68) and normal controls (LR; n=27) during a visual oddball task. A time-frequency representation method was applied to... more
This study investigates early evoked gamma band activity in male adolescent subjects at high risk for alcoholism (HR; n=68) and normal controls (LR; n=27) during a visual oddball task. A time-frequency representation method was applied to EEG data in order to obtain stimulus related early evoked (phase-locked) gamma band activity (29-45 Hz) and was analyzed within a 0-150 ms time window range. Significant reduction of the early evoked gamma band response in the frontal and parietal regions during target stimulus processing was observed in HR subjects compared to LR subjects. Additionally, the HR group showed less differentiation between target and non-target stimuli in both frontal and parietal regions compared to the LR group, indicating difficulty in early stimulus processing, probably due to a dysfunctional frontoparietal attentional network. The results indicate that the deficient early evoked gamma band response may precede the development of alcoholism and could be a potential...
Research Interests: Psychophysiology, Electroencephalography, Adolescent, Humans, Alcoholism, and 14 moreMale, Oscillations, Gamma Band, Risk factors, Phenotype, Phase Locking, Parietal Lobe, Children of Alcoholics, Biological markers, Risk Factors, Visual Evoked Potentials, Time Frequency Representation, Frontal Lobe, and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Visual P300 is consistently lower in alcohol-dependent individuals, their offspring and subjects at risk. Delta and theta event-related oscillations (ERO) are the major contributors to the P300 signal. The total and evoked power in delta... more
Visual P300 is consistently lower in alcohol-dependent individuals, their offspring and subjects at risk. Delta and theta event-related oscillations (ERO) are the major contributors to the P300 signal. The total and evoked power in delta and theta bands in the 300 to 700 ms post-stimulus window (corresponding to the zone of P300 maxima) was compared between adolescent offspring of alcoholics (high-risk) and age-matched normal controls (low-risk), to assess the utility of the risk markers.
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The EEG bipolar power spectra provide more localization than spectral measures obtained from monopolar referencing strategies, and have been shown to be useful endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders such as alcoholism. We estimated the... more
The EEG bipolar power spectra provide more localization than spectral measures obtained from monopolar referencing strategies, and have been shown to be useful endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders such as alcoholism. We estimated the additive genetic heritability of resting bipolar EEG power spectra in a large sample of non-twin sibling pairs. The corresponding heritabilities ranged between 0.220 and 0.647 and were highly significant at all 38 electrode pairs for theta (3-7 Hz), low-alpha (7-9 Hz), high-alpha (9-12 Hz), low-beta (12-16 Hz), middle-beta (16-20 Hz) and high-beta (20-28 Hz) frequency bands. The heritabilities were the highest in the high-alpha and low-beta bands at most electrode pairs. The heritabilities were most variable across the head in the three beta bands. Other heritability patterns were also identified within each frequency band. Our results suggest that substantial proportions of the variability in the bipolar EEG measures are explained by genetic factors.
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A dysfunctional neural reward system has been shown to be associated with alcoholism. The current study aims to examine reward processing in male alcoholics by using event-related potentials (ERPs) as well as behavioral measures of... more
A dysfunctional neural reward system has been shown to be associated with alcoholism. The current study aims to examine reward processing in male alcoholics by using event-related potentials (ERPs) as well as behavioral measures of impulsivity and risk-taking.
Research Interests: Electrophysiology, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Risk Taking, Adolescent, and 16 moreReward, Brain Mapping, Brain, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Alcoholism, Gambling, Male, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Psychiatric, Error Related Negativity, Impulsive behavior, and Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Recent studies have linked alcoholism with a dysfunctional neural reward system. Although several electrophysiological studies have explored reward processing in healthy individuals, such studies in alcohol-dependent individuals are quite... more
Recent studies have linked alcoholism with a dysfunctional neural reward system. Although several electrophysiological studies have explored reward processing in healthy individuals, such studies in alcohol-dependent individuals are quite rare. The present study examines theta oscillations during reward processing in abstinent alcoholics. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 38 abstinent alcoholics and 38 healthy controls as they performed a single outcome gambling task, which involved outcomes of either loss or gain of an amount (10 or 50¢) that was bet. Event-related theta band (3.0-7.0 Hz) power following each outcome stimulus was computed using the S-transform method. Theta power at the time window of the outcome-related negativity (ORN) and positivity (ORP) (200-500 ms) was compared across groups and outcome conditions. Additionally, behavioral data of impulsivity and task performance were analyzed. The alcoholic group showed significantly decreased theta power during...
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Research Interests: Engineering, Genetics, Electroencephalography, Adolescent, Logistic Regression, and 15 moreBrain, Humans, Alcoholism, Male, Spectral method, Cognitive Process, Oscillations, Time Frequency Analysis, Clinical Neurophysiology, Middle Aged, Adult, Adomian decomposition method, Visual Evoked Potentials, Time Frequency Representation, and Control Method
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Electrophysiology, Signal Processing, Sex, Electroencephalography, and 27 moreAdolescent, Time-Frequency Analysis, Reward, Brain Mapping, Brain, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Gambling, Female, Male, Gender Difference, Young Adult, Mental processes, Oscillations, Time Frequency Analysis, Csd, Adult, Biological clocks, Gain, Neurosciences, Frontal Lobe, Oscillation, Current Source Density, Theta Rhythm, Error Related Negativity, Impulsive behavior, and Neuropsychological Tests
Research Interests: Psychology, Biological Psychology, Cognitive Science, Decision Making, Anterior Cingulate, and 21 moreMagnetic Resonance Imaging, Electroencephalography, Brain Mapping, Response Inhibition, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Biological, Reaction Time, Statistical Significance, Young Adult, Current Density, Adult, Neurosciences, Frontal Lobe, Low Resolution, Conflict Monitoring, Cognition disorders, and Neuropsychological Tests
Research Interests: Genetics, Psychology, Biological Psychology, Cognitive Science, Electrophysiology, and 22 moreElectroencephalography, Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Temporal Lobe, Humans, Child, Cerebral Cortex, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Biological, Siblings, Heritability, Coherence, Phenotype, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Neurosciences, Frontal Lobe, Alpha Rhythm, and Genetic Correlation
Research Interests: Psychology, Biological Psychology, Cognitive Science, Demography, Electrophysiology, and 19 moreAddiction, Cognition, Adolescent, Information Processing, Response Inhibition, Brain, Humans, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Biological, Event Related Potentials, Cognitive Process, Phenotype, Inhibitory Control, Spatial Distribution, Adult, Neurosciences, and Current Source Density
Research Interests: Electroencephalography, Adolescent, Time-Frequency Analysis, Biological Sciences, Biological Psychiatry, and 17 moreBrain Mapping, Brain, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Biological, Delta, Oscillations, Risk factors, Adult, Risk Factors, Alpha Rhythm, Theta Rhythm, Delta Rhythm, and Cognition disorders
Research Interests: Electrophysiology, Addiction, Sex, Adolescent, Comparative Study, and 19 moreBiological Sciences, Biological Psychiatry, Brain Mapping, Humans, Beta, Cerebral Cortex, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Biological, Central Nervous System, Electroencephalogram, Spatial Distribution, Middle Aged, Rest, Adult, Sex Factors, Beta Rhythm, and Amplitude
Research Interests: Experimental games, Nonparametric Statistics, Risk assessment, Adolescent, Brain Mapping, and 17 moreEvoked Potentials, Humans, Cerebral Cortex, Gambling, Female, Male, Gender Difference, Reaction Time, Young Adult, Adult, Sex Factors, Analysis of Variance, Risk Assessment, Reference Values, Low Resolution, Choice Behavior, and Impulsive behavior
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Research Interests:
Research Interests: Psychology, Electroencephalography, Adolescent, Information Processing, Humans, and 16 moreAlcoholism, Female, Male, Gender Difference, Central Nervous System, Spatial Distribution, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Alcohol dependence, Repeated Measures, Adult, Theta wave, Sex Factors, Analysis of Variance, Neurosciences, and Theta Rhythm
Research Interests: Genetics, Psychology, Visual perception, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, and 14 moreHumans, Source Localization, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Clinical Sciences, Alcohol dependence, Adult, Biological activity, Neurosciences, Frontal Lobe, Substance-Related Disorders, Impulsive behavior, and Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Research Interests: Genetics, Psychology, Electrophysiology, Stress, Adolescent, and 20 moreHumans, Alcoholism, Female, Male, Young Adult, Gene, Phenotype, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Gen, Alcohol dependence, Genotype, Adult, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Linkage Disequilibrium, Quantitative Trait Loci, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetic Variability, Neurosciences, and Case Control Studies
Neurocognitive correlates of impulsivity have been thought to underlie several of externalizing/disinhibitory disorders including alcoholism. The current study examines the aspects of impulsivity in terms of behavioral measures as well as... more
Neurocognitive correlates of impulsivity have been thought to underlie several of externalizing/disinhibitory disorders including alcoholism. The current study examines the aspects of impulsivity in terms of behavioral measures as well as event-related oscillations (EROs) while performing a gambling task that involves monetary gain and loss. Behavioral measures of impulsivity were analyzed and brain oscillations were decomposed into time-frequency-amplitude data using the S-Transform algorithm. The mean amplitude in the outcome-related negativity (ORN) time window (225-275 ms) in each frequency band was statistically analyzed in both groups across four outcomes that involved valence (loss or gain) and magnitude (50 or 10 cents). Alcoholics showed higher impulsivity as measured in Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and in other task-related impulsivity responses. Further, alcoholics showed significantly decreased amplitude in delta (1-3 Hz) and theta (4-7 Hz) band during the ORN time wi...