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    Merle Parmak

    Resilience reflects system capacity to manage successfully unexpected pressures without losing its inherent structure and stability. In social sciences the concept of resilience is multi-layered which, if ignored, can drastically... more
    Resilience reflects system capacity to manage successfully unexpected pressures without losing its inherent structure and stability. In social sciences the concept of resilience is multi-layered which, if ignored, can drastically compromise any anticipated outcome. In relation to national and international security, national resilience is a capacity which has to be carefully addressed, particularly at times of unease or major changes, in all organisations held responsible for national and international security. Although resilience and resilience studies are a growing issue in the armed forces, the concept is often applied somewhat fragmented or inconsistent ways. The relevance of holistic approach to military resilience is emphasised but still mostly referred as an individual attribute even if the existence of a social dimension is occasionally suggested. Current practices in military resilience building programs allow enhancing individual resilience via advised personnel selection...
    This study attempts to construct a framework of factors affecting the yachting tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) in the context of COVID-19 regular prevention and control in Dalian, China. Relying on the framework of the extended theory... more
    This study attempts to construct a framework of factors affecting the yachting tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) in the context of COVID-19 regular prevention and control in Dalian, China. Relying on the framework of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB), perceived external institutional and destination attribute factors are introduced to enhance the prediction of WTP. The results of the multivariate ordinal logistic regression model show that significant factors affecting yachting tourists’ WTP are income, education, past consumption experience, attitudes, destination attributes, and perceived behavior control. In addition, different factors affect the WTP of tourists who prefer motor boats and non-motor boats.
    Clarifying the current constraints facing the development of yachting tourism in China is key to ensuring the healthy development of this niche industry. This study uses grounded theory as a theoretical basis to conduct qualitative... more
    Clarifying the current constraints facing the development of yachting tourism in China is key to ensuring the healthy development of this niche industry. This study uses grounded theory as a theoretical basis to conduct qualitative research and applies semi-structured interview techniques to examine stakeholders’ views on the constraints on the development of yachting tourism in China, from the perspectives of both yachting supply and demand. MAXQDA2020 qualitative analysis software was used to determine the main constraints. The study identified seven of these constraints, including policies and regulations, government behaviors, the social development environment, marketing, infrastructure, expertise and manpower, and culture. Based on these constraints, and the recommendations for improving yachting tourism proposed by the interviewed stakeholders, the study offers seven strategies for the further development of yachting tourism, which have practical significance for this develop...
    The huge growth in expenditure on counter-extremism and counter-terrorism policy post 9/11 (Dawson & Guinnessy, 2002; Lum, Kennedy & Sherley, 2006; Silke, 2004) has seen buzzwords such as ‘resilience’ integrated without clear framing or... more
    The huge growth in expenditure on counter-extremism and counter-terrorism policy post 9/11 (Dawson & Guinnessy, 2002; Lum, Kennedy & Sherley, 2006; Silke, 2004) has seen buzzwords such as ‘resilience’ integrated without clear framing or the underpinning of empirical evidence. The issue addressed by the current paper is twofold; the framing of resilience within policy is not such that it clearly relates to extremism and, the subsequent lack of understanding that exists on the relationships between the three levels of resilience under this framing. The National Resilience Scale (Kimhi, Goroshit & Eshel, 2013) is applied alongside measures of community and individual resilience to test the hypothesis that all three levels would positively correlate with one another. The hypothesis was supported in study one, but not study two with community resilience negatively correlating with both individual and national resilience. The implications of this conceptual framework are discussed, primar...
    The present paper presents a preliminary cross-cultural study examining perceived community and national resilience, as well as resilience promoting and risk factors. The study included student samples from five countries: Australia,... more
    The present paper presents a preliminary cross-cultural study examining perceived community and national resilience, as well as resilience promoting and risk factors. The study included student samples from five countries: Australia, Germany, Great Britain, Israel and Greece (N=1022). Results indicated the following: (a) National and community resilience significantly and positively correlated with the Human Development Index (HDI) for the whole sample. (c) National and community resilience, well-being, sense of danger and distress symptoms differ significantly among the five countries (d) Path analysis revealed that HDI significantly mediated the association between the three predictors and national and community resilience. Keyword: national resilience, community resilience, Human Development Index, well-being, sense of danger, distress symptoms, cross-cultural.
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    Resilience at the level of any system reflects its capacity to manage successfully unexpected pressures without losing its structure and stability. The most generic level of resilience – national resilience – is closely related with... more
    Resilience at the level of any system reflects its capacity to manage successfully unexpected pressures without losing its structure and stability. The most generic level of resilience – national resilience – is closely related with shared vision and values in society at the level of the nation. It refers to the ability to maintain national social fabric and cohesion when confronted by threats. During massive transitions, the established boundaries of nation-states and the definition and nature of citizenship are challenged. Risks related to diverse ethnic and religious identities may not be apparent before crises arise. In expanded societies, societal fragmentation poses a threat to national security, highlighting the importance of strategic nation-building and national resilience. Nation-building is influenced by trust and practice of communication between citizens, the state and its sub-communities. In order to mitigate security risks and enhance the capacity of multinational soc...
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