Cannabis (hasj og marihuana) er både velkjent og ukjent på samme tid. Det er 50 år siden cannabis... more Cannabis (hasj og marihuana) er både velkjent og ukjent på samme tid. Det er 50 år siden cannabis ble introdusert her i landet og mange har egne erfaringer med stoffet. Mye har imidlertid forandret seg: mengden av virkestoffer i hasj og marihuana er endret, det har kommet nye cannabislignende produkter, hjemmedyrking er blitt mer utbredt og ny viten om skader er framkommet. Forandringene skjer stadig raskere. Bare i løpet av de siste årene har en rekke nye syntetiske stoffer som etterligner effekten av tradisjonell, organisk cannabis kommet på markedet. Disse kjøpes over Internett og tilgjengeligheten er dermed ekstrem god - alt som behøves er nett-tilgang via PC eller mobil og en postkasse. Internett er blitt en viktig informasjonskilde, markedsføringsarena og markedsplass for cannabisprodukter. Alle forandringene gjør det relevant å spørre hva vi egentlig vet om cannabis, om dagens brukere, om stoffets virkninger og om effekter av tiltak. Gjennom bidrag fra ulike samfunnsvitenskap...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 23, 2006
MDMA (ecstasy) has been a popular recreational drug among young people. MDMA modulates serotonerg... more MDMA (ecstasy) has been a popular recreational drug among young people. MDMA modulates serotonergic activity in the brain and has been shown to be toxic to serotonergic neurons in animals. Disturbances in this neurotransmitter system lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms, hence it has been a concern that use of ecstasy in humans would lead to a higher frequency of psychiatric disease and cognitive impairment. We wanted to review human studies to find evidence for these side effects of ecstasy. We investigated 10 studies regarding the connection between use of ecstasy and mental health, as well as 20 studies regarding the connection between use of ecstasy and cognitive impairment. Three of these studies were longitudinal, the others were cross-sectional. There is a higher frequency of both psychiatric illness and cognitive impairment among ecstasy users. On the other hand, many methodological factors must be considered before causality is assumed.
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 20, 2002
Buprenorphine is used for maintenance treatment of opiate abusers. A literature review was carrie... more Buprenorphine is used for maintenance treatment of opiate abusers. A literature review was carried out in order to describe buprenorphine's pharmacology, its clinical use in maintenance treatment, and its efficacy when compared to methadone. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist to the opiate mu-receptor and is therefore safer in overdose. The distress of abstinence is reduced compared to methadone. The potential for abuse is, however, considerable. Some patients may not be maintained well enough on buprenorphine. Buprenorphine should be subject to the same considerations in maintenance treatment as methadone.
In Norway, about 5000 patients receive opioid maintenance treatment; 60 % receive methadone and 4... more In Norway, about 5000 patients receive opioid maintenance treatment; 60 % receive methadone and 40 % buprenorphine. An increasing number of regular general practitioners and hospital doctors are in contact with this group of patients. This article presents a short overview of drug interactions with methadone and buprenorphine, as an aid to medical doctors in contact with these patients.
Norway introduced legislative limits for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) February 1st... more Norway introduced legislative limits for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) February 1st, 2012, to harmonize with the legislation on driving under the influence of alcohol. Per se limits corresponding to blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.02% were established for 20 drugs and concentration limits for graded sanctions corresponding to BACs of 0.05% and 0.12% were established for 13 of these drugs as well. The new system is not applied to individuals with valid prescriptions for medicinal drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate if the implementation of legislative limits for drugs affected the number of blood samples taken from suspected drugged drivers, drug findings and the number of expert witness statement requests. The number of blood samples taken in suspected DUID cases increased by 20% after introduction of legislative limits (3320 cases in 2010 and 3970 in 2013). The number of samples with at least one drug above the per se limit corresponding to BAC of...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 20, 2005
For the first time in ten years, phencyclidine (PCP) has been confiscated in Norway. Physicians s... more For the first time in ten years, phencyclidine (PCP) has been confiscated in Norway. Physicians should be aware of this substance when treating intoxications. Relevant literature was identified by search in Medline. This review presents the pharmacological properties and effects of phencyclidine as well as symptoms and treatment of phencyclidine intoxication. Phencyclidine exhibits hallucinogenic, depressant and stimulant properties. Phencyclidine interacts as an antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the central nervous system. Severe NMDA receptor hypofunction can elicit clinical symptoms similar to a schizophrenic episode.
Cannabis (hasj og marihuana) er både velkjent og ukjent på samme tid. Det er 50 år siden cannabis... more Cannabis (hasj og marihuana) er både velkjent og ukjent på samme tid. Det er 50 år siden cannabis ble introdusert her i landet og mange har egne erfaringer med stoffet. Mye har imidlertid forandret seg: mengden av virkestoffer i hasj og marihuana er endret, det har kommet nye cannabislignende produkter, hjemmedyrking er blitt mer utbredt og ny viten om skader er framkommet. Forandringene skjer stadig raskere. Bare i løpet av de siste årene har en rekke nye syntetiske stoffer som etterligner effekten av tradisjonell, organisk cannabis kommet på markedet. Disse kjøpes over Internett og tilgjengeligheten er dermed ekstrem god - alt som behøves er nett-tilgang via PC eller mobil og en postkasse. Internett er blitt en viktig informasjonskilde, markedsføringsarena og markedsplass for cannabisprodukter. Alle forandringene gjør det relevant å spørre hva vi egentlig vet om cannabis, om dagens brukere, om stoffets virkninger og om effekter av tiltak. Gjennom bidrag fra ulike samfunnsvitenskap...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 23, 2006
MDMA (ecstasy) has been a popular recreational drug among young people. MDMA modulates serotonerg... more MDMA (ecstasy) has been a popular recreational drug among young people. MDMA modulates serotonergic activity in the brain and has been shown to be toxic to serotonergic neurons in animals. Disturbances in this neurotransmitter system lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms, hence it has been a concern that use of ecstasy in humans would lead to a higher frequency of psychiatric disease and cognitive impairment. We wanted to review human studies to find evidence for these side effects of ecstasy. We investigated 10 studies regarding the connection between use of ecstasy and mental health, as well as 20 studies regarding the connection between use of ecstasy and cognitive impairment. Three of these studies were longitudinal, the others were cross-sectional. There is a higher frequency of both psychiatric illness and cognitive impairment among ecstasy users. On the other hand, many methodological factors must be considered before causality is assumed.
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 20, 2002
Buprenorphine is used for maintenance treatment of opiate abusers. A literature review was carrie... more Buprenorphine is used for maintenance treatment of opiate abusers. A literature review was carried out in order to describe buprenorphine's pharmacology, its clinical use in maintenance treatment, and its efficacy when compared to methadone. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist to the opiate mu-receptor and is therefore safer in overdose. The distress of abstinence is reduced compared to methadone. The potential for abuse is, however, considerable. Some patients may not be maintained well enough on buprenorphine. Buprenorphine should be subject to the same considerations in maintenance treatment as methadone.
In Norway, about 5000 patients receive opioid maintenance treatment; 60 % receive methadone and 4... more In Norway, about 5000 patients receive opioid maintenance treatment; 60 % receive methadone and 40 % buprenorphine. An increasing number of regular general practitioners and hospital doctors are in contact with this group of patients. This article presents a short overview of drug interactions with methadone and buprenorphine, as an aid to medical doctors in contact with these patients.
Norway introduced legislative limits for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) February 1st... more Norway introduced legislative limits for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) February 1st, 2012, to harmonize with the legislation on driving under the influence of alcohol. Per se limits corresponding to blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.02% were established for 20 drugs and concentration limits for graded sanctions corresponding to BACs of 0.05% and 0.12% were established for 13 of these drugs as well. The new system is not applied to individuals with valid prescriptions for medicinal drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate if the implementation of legislative limits for drugs affected the number of blood samples taken from suspected drugged drivers, drug findings and the number of expert witness statement requests. The number of blood samples taken in suspected DUID cases increased by 20% after introduction of legislative limits (3320 cases in 2010 and 3970 in 2013). The number of samples with at least one drug above the per se limit corresponding to BAC of...
Tidsskrift for den Norske lægeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny række, Jan 20, 2005
For the first time in ten years, phencyclidine (PCP) has been confiscated in Norway. Physicians s... more For the first time in ten years, phencyclidine (PCP) has been confiscated in Norway. Physicians should be aware of this substance when treating intoxications. Relevant literature was identified by search in Medline. This review presents the pharmacological properties and effects of phencyclidine as well as symptoms and treatment of phencyclidine intoxication. Phencyclidine exhibits hallucinogenic, depressant and stimulant properties. Phencyclidine interacts as an antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the central nervous system. Severe NMDA receptor hypofunction can elicit clinical symptoms similar to a schizophrenic episode.
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