Gene expression in eukaryotes is often enhanced by the presence of introns. Depending on the spec... more Gene expression in eukaryotes is often enhanced by the presence of introns. Depending on the specific gene, this enhancement can be minor or very large and occurs at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The Arabidopsis ERECTA gene contains 27 exons encoding a receptor-like kinase that promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell differentiation in above-ground plant organs. The expression of ERECTA very strongly depends on the presence of introns. The intronless ERECTA gene does not rescue the phenotype of erecta mutant plants and produces about 500–900 times less protein compared with the identical construct containing introns. This result is somewhat surprising as the region upstream of the ERECTA coding sequence effectively promotes the expression of extraneous genes. Here, we demonstrate that introns are essential for ERECTA mRNA accumulation and, to a lesser extent, for mRNA utilization in translation. Since mRNA produced by intronless ERECTA is degraded a...
The differentiation of stomata provides a convenient model for studying pattern formation in plan... more The differentiation of stomata provides a convenient model for studying pattern formation in plant tissues. Stomata formation is induced by a set of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and inhibited by a signal transduction pathway initiated by TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) and ERECTA family (ERf) receptors. The formation of a proper stomata pattern is also dependent upon the restriction of symplastic movement of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors into neighboring cells, especially in the backgrounds where the function of the TMM/ERf signaling pathway is compromised. Here, we describe a novel mutant of KOBITO1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The kob1-3 mutation leads to the formation of stomata clusters in the erl1 erl2 background but not in the wild type. Cell-to-cell mobility assays demonstrated an increase in intercellular protein trafficking in kob1-3, including increased diffusion of SPEECHLESS, suggesting that the formation of stomata clusters is due to an es...
Development in multicellular organisms is the result of designated cellular programs occurring at... more Development in multicellular organisms is the result of designated cellular programs occurring at specific points in time and space. The root is an excellent model to address how spatio-temporal complexity impacts organ development. High-resolution 'omic' approaches have delineated the transcriptional, proteomic, metabolomic, and small RNA profiles of multiple cell types in the Arabidopsis root. Similar approaches have shed light on root cell-type specific transcriptional programs in rice and soybean. These data are being used to identify specific spatio-temporal mechanisms of root development, dissect regulatory networks that control cell identity, and understand hormone responses in the root. Computational modeling of these data combined with new advances in imaging technologies is generating new biological insights into root growth and development.
Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase (HXK) family contains 5-11 genes. Fu... more Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase (HXK) family contains 5-11 genes. Functionally, a given family can include metabolic catalysts, glucose signaling proteins, and non-catalytic, apparent regulatory enzyme homologs. This study has two goals. The first aim is to develop a predictive method to determine which HXK proteins within a species have which type of function. The second aim is to determine whether HXK-dependent glucose signaling proteins occur among more primitive plants, as well as among angiosperms. Using a molecular phylogeny approach, combined with selective experimental testing, we found that non-catalytic HXK homologs might occur in all plants, including the relatively primitive Selaginella moellendorffi. We also found that different lineages of angiosperm HXKs have apparent conserved features for catalytic activity and for sub-cellular targeting. Most higher-plant HXKs are expressed predominantly at mitochondria, with HXKs of one lineage occurring in the plastid, and HXKs of one monocot lineage occurring in the cytosol. Using protoplast transient expression assays, we found that HXK glucose signaling proteins occur likely in all higher plants and in S. moellendorffi as well. Thus, the use of glucose by plant HXK isoforms in metabolism and/or as a regulatory metabolite occurs as widespread, conserved processes.
Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, 1989
Infrared laser multiple photon excitation/dissociation of Thiophene (Th) was studied as a functio... more Infrared laser multiple photon excitation/dissociation of Thiophene (Th) was studied as a function of Th pressure, laser pulse energy, pulse duration and added buffer gas. While the excitation process was probed via optoacoustic technique, the stable reaction products were analyzed by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Although C2H2 and CH3C=CH were the major hydrocarbon products under all experimental conditions, the
Gene expression in eukaryotes is often enhanced by the presence of introns. Depending on the spec... more Gene expression in eukaryotes is often enhanced by the presence of introns. Depending on the specific gene, this enhancement can be minor or very large and occurs at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The Arabidopsis ERECTA gene contains 27 exons encoding a receptor-like kinase that promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell differentiation in above-ground plant organs. The expression of ERECTA very strongly depends on the presence of introns. The intronless ERECTA gene does not rescue the phenotype of erecta mutant plants and produces about 500–900 times less protein compared with the identical construct containing introns. This result is somewhat surprising as the region upstream of the ERECTA coding sequence effectively promotes the expression of extraneous genes. Here, we demonstrate that introns are essential for ERECTA mRNA accumulation and, to a lesser extent, for mRNA utilization in translation. Since mRNA produced by intronless ERECTA is degraded a...
The differentiation of stomata provides a convenient model for studying pattern formation in plan... more The differentiation of stomata provides a convenient model for studying pattern formation in plant tissues. Stomata formation is induced by a set of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and inhibited by a signal transduction pathway initiated by TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) and ERECTA family (ERf) receptors. The formation of a proper stomata pattern is also dependent upon the restriction of symplastic movement of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors into neighboring cells, especially in the backgrounds where the function of the TMM/ERf signaling pathway is compromised. Here, we describe a novel mutant of KOBITO1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The kob1-3 mutation leads to the formation of stomata clusters in the erl1 erl2 background but not in the wild type. Cell-to-cell mobility assays demonstrated an increase in intercellular protein trafficking in kob1-3, including increased diffusion of SPEECHLESS, suggesting that the formation of stomata clusters is due to an es...
Development in multicellular organisms is the result of designated cellular programs occurring at... more Development in multicellular organisms is the result of designated cellular programs occurring at specific points in time and space. The root is an excellent model to address how spatio-temporal complexity impacts organ development. High-resolution 'omic' approaches have delineated the transcriptional, proteomic, metabolomic, and small RNA profiles of multiple cell types in the Arabidopsis root. Similar approaches have shed light on root cell-type specific transcriptional programs in rice and soybean. These data are being used to identify specific spatio-temporal mechanisms of root development, dissect regulatory networks that control cell identity, and understand hormone responses in the root. Computational modeling of these data combined with new advances in imaging technologies is generating new biological insights into root growth and development.
Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase (HXK) family contains 5-11 genes. Fu... more Sequencing data from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase (HXK) family contains 5-11 genes. Functionally, a given family can include metabolic catalysts, glucose signaling proteins, and non-catalytic, apparent regulatory enzyme homologs. This study has two goals. The first aim is to develop a predictive method to determine which HXK proteins within a species have which type of function. The second aim is to determine whether HXK-dependent glucose signaling proteins occur among more primitive plants, as well as among angiosperms. Using a molecular phylogeny approach, combined with selective experimental testing, we found that non-catalytic HXK homologs might occur in all plants, including the relatively primitive Selaginella moellendorffi. We also found that different lineages of angiosperm HXKs have apparent conserved features for catalytic activity and for sub-cellular targeting. Most higher-plant HXKs are expressed predominantly at mitochondria, with HXKs of one lineage occurring in the plastid, and HXKs of one monocot lineage occurring in the cytosol. Using protoplast transient expression assays, we found that HXK glucose signaling proteins occur likely in all higher plants and in S. moellendorffi as well. Thus, the use of glucose by plant HXK isoforms in metabolism and/or as a regulatory metabolite occurs as widespread, conserved processes.
Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry, 1989
Infrared laser multiple photon excitation/dissociation of Thiophene (Th) was studied as a functio... more Infrared laser multiple photon excitation/dissociation of Thiophene (Th) was studied as a function of Th pressure, laser pulse energy, pulse duration and added buffer gas. While the excitation process was probed via optoacoustic technique, the stable reaction products were analyzed by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Although C2H2 and CH3C=CH were the major hydrocarbon products under all experimental conditions, the
Uploads
Papers by R. Karve