LOHIT JAIN

India has one of the richest hydro resources on the planet with the present installed capacity as on January, 2015 is approximately 40867.43 MW, which is only 15.79% of total electricity generation in India. Considering the economic, technical and environmental benefits of hydro-power, most countries are giving priorities to its development due to its Eco-friendly, clean and renewable energy source. The study shows that there is a great possibility to increase achievements in renewable energy sector provided private and government organization starts functioning together. It is possible to make hydro-power as one of the main source for the sustainable renewable energy resource in India. The key challenge is the transmission of energy from one state to another state.

Water constitutes are one of the most valuable natural resources. Forecasting runoff volume is always an integral part of hydrology and on way of improving in the recent years, various estimation techniques are developed. These concepts need to be refined, developed and formalized through more vigorous combination of rigorously designed field experiments and realistic physically based mathematic model. The present study concentrated at modeling of runoff volume at hillslope region on basis of infiltration excess overland flow, saturated excess overland flow and return flow through subsurface that involve micropores and macropores. The physical processes along with runoff generation processes are identified. The factors considered in modeling are the flow over the hillslope, nature of flow in subsurface zone, connection between exposed surface area and macro-micro domain and initial condition when rainfall started. Both Horton mechanism and Dunne’s variable source area generation mec...