European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2010
Goal of this project is the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleani... more Goal of this project is the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleaning components for the cleaning and conditioning of biomass producer gases in collaborative work. Three main partners TU Berlin (Germany), University of Nottingham (UK) and Beth Filtration GmbH (Germany) as well as subcontractors Eckrohrkessel GmbH (Germany) and Nuaire Ltd. (UK) are working together in this project. The common aim is to investigate a modular and adaptable product gas cleaning concept which consists of innovative and proven gas cleaning technologies, namely the mop fan and the electrofilter. The two components are further accompanied by an innovative product gas cooler with structured tubes.
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2011
Goal of this project was the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas clean... more Goal of this project was the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleaning components for cleaning and conditioning biomass producer gases. Four parties jointly investigated a modular and adaptable product gas cleaning concept consisting of innovative new and proven gas cleaning technologies for the application with small to medium size gasification systems. A novel gas cooler with structured tubes, hot gas filter, quench, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and the "mop fan" – a centrifugal fan with rotating fibers for intense interaction of gas particles and droplets or aerosols - were examined individually and all operating together within the project. Selected experimental results are presented here.
The goal of the project presented here was the collaborative development, investigation and evalu... more The goal of the project presented here was the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleaning components for processing and conditioning producer gases thermochemically generated from biomass. For this particular purpose a modular and adaptable product gas cleaning concept has been projected jointly by the above mentioned partners. The system consists of innovative new gas cleaning and conditioning technologies besides already proven ones. The conceptual novel modules include a gas cooler with structured tubes in vertical design and the combination of quench and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with the for this field of application novel "mop fan" ¬a type of fanned centrifugal filter with rotating fibers flushed with a cleaning agent for removing problematic gaseous and vaporous components, particles and droplets. The system was completed with a hot gas filter. The modules have been investigated individually as well as all together in operation with the gasifier during the project, and moreover, final balances of the achievements in the project were made up and will be outlined in this paper.
Biomass is used for fuel by humanity from prehistoric times. With the passage of time and to meet... more Biomass is used for fuel by humanity from prehistoric times. With the passage of time and to meet the energy needs, non-conventional ways of utilizing the conventional sources became an interest with use of technologies. Biomass gasification is a proven technology that can economically use alternative energy resource of “Carbon Neutral”. Biomass product gas from biomass gasification is composed of CO, CO2, CH4, H2, other hydrocarbons, traces of other components and tar from biomass gasification. Fluidized bed gasification is one of the promising technologies to achieve high thermal conversion efficiency as it takes great advantages of fluidization in terms of uniform temperature profiles and excellent gas-solid interactions. The present research is aimed to evaluate the performance of a bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasifier for product gas production composition using air as gasification agent and SRC willow chips as biomass. Particle capture efficiency of the mop fan and an effec...
Hazardous waste products along with the syngas produced from biomass gasification are one of the ... more Hazardous waste products along with the syngas produced from biomass gasification are one of the major problems of today world. Tar and other solid contaminants removal from syngas are necessary as it is widely used for the production of energy in thermal and power sectors. The raw syngas can be clean up by directly controlling the operating parameters and applying cleaning units. This study aimed to analyze bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and focuses on investigating the novel tar reducing techniques. Different cleaning units; char bed, woodchip bed and mop fan were used to arrest tar directly from producer gas. For the first time, a novel strategical technique of mop fan based on water spray was evaluated. Results showed that tar arrest with bio-char is unsuccessful due to the burning of bed while the average concentration of tar captured by woodchips and mop fan with or without water spray was 0.459 mg/L, 0.987 mg/L and 0.617 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of naphthalene and phenan-threne reduced significantly by 96.46% and 99.27% with water spray based mop fan. Overall tar arresting percentage efficiency with small woodchip, large woodchip, mop fan without water and mop fan with water spray was 22.5% < 29.4% < 60.54% < 89.61% respectively. Hence, these investigations lead to the important findings that mop fan with water spray can be deployed directly to capture contaminants, to prevent the production of waste and to increase the efficiencies of clean syngas for the safer use in the power sector.
The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidi... more The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) with air as gasifying medium. The thermochemical processes during combustion were studied to get better control over the air gasification and to improve its effectiveness. The combustion process of SRC was studied by different thermo-analytical techniques. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermo-gravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to examine the thermal degradation and heat flow rates. The product gas composition (CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2) produced during gasification was analyzed systematically by using an online gas analyzer and an offline GC analyzer. The influence of different equivalence ratios on product gas composition and temperature profile was investigated during SRC gasification. TG/DTG results showed degradation occur in four stages; drying, devolatilization, char combustion and ash formation. Maximum mass loss ~70% was observed in devolatilization stage and two sharp peaks at 315-500 °C in TG/DSC curves indicate the exothermic reactions. The temperature of gasifier was increased in the range of 650-850 °C along with the height of the reactor with increasing equivalent ratio (ER) from 0.25 to 0.32. The experimental results showed that with an increment in ER from 0.25 to 0.32, the average gas composition of H 2 , CO, CH 4 decreased in the range of 9-6%, 16-12%, 4-3% and CO 2 concentration increased from 17 to 19% respectively. The gasifier performance parameters showed a maximum high heating value (HHV) of 4.70 MJ/m 3 , https://doi. T Low heating value (LHV) of 4.37 MJ/m 3 and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 49.63% at 0.25 ER. The ER displayed direct effect on carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) of 95.76% at 0.32 ER and tar yield reduced from 16.78 to 7.24 g/m 3 with increasing ER from 0.25 to 0.32. All parametric results confirmed the reliability of the gasification process and showed a positive impact of ER on CCE and tar yield.
The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidi... more The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) with air as gasifying medium. The thermochemical processes during combustion were studied to get better control over the air gasification and to improve its effectiveness. The combustion process of SRC was studied by different thermo-analytical techniques. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermo-gravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to examine the thermal degradation and heat flow rates. The product gas composition (CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2) produced during gasification was analyzed systematically by using an online gas analyzer and an offline GC analyzer. The influence of different equivalence ratios on product gas composition and temperature profile was investigated during SRC gasification. TG/DTG results showed degradation occur in four stages; drying, devolatilization, char combustion and ash formation. Maximum mass loss ~70% was observed in devolatilization stage and two sharp peaks at 315-500 °C in TG/DSC curves indicate the exothermic reactions. The temperature of gasifier was increased in the range of 650-850 °C along with the height of the reactor with increasing equivalent ratio (ER) from 0.25 to 0.32. The experimental results showed that with an increment in ER from 0.25 to 0.32, the average gas composition of H 2 , CO, CH 4 decreased in the range of 9-6%, 16-12%, 4-3% and CO 2 concentration increased from 17 to 19% respectively. The gasifier performance parameters showed a maximum high heating value (HHV) of 4.70 MJ/m 3 , https://doi. T Low heating value (LHV) of 4.37 MJ/m 3 and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 49.63% at 0.25 ER. The ER displayed direct effect on carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) of 95.76% at 0.32 ER and tar yield reduced from 16.78 to 7.24 g/m 3 with increasing ER from 0.25 to 0.32. All parametric results confirmed the reliability of the gasification process and showed a positive impact of ER on CCE and tar yield.
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2010
Goal of this project is the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleani... more Goal of this project is the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleaning components for the cleaning and conditioning of biomass producer gases in collaborative work. Three main partners TU Berlin (Germany), University of Nottingham (UK) and Beth Filtration GmbH (Germany) as well as subcontractors Eckrohrkessel GmbH (Germany) and Nuaire Ltd. (UK) are working together in this project. The common aim is to investigate a modular and adaptable product gas cleaning concept which consists of innovative and proven gas cleaning technologies, namely the mop fan and the electrofilter. The two components are further accompanied by an innovative product gas cooler with structured tubes.
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2011
Goal of this project was the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas clean... more Goal of this project was the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleaning components for cleaning and conditioning biomass producer gases. Four parties jointly investigated a modular and adaptable product gas cleaning concept consisting of innovative new and proven gas cleaning technologies for the application with small to medium size gasification systems. A novel gas cooler with structured tubes, hot gas filter, quench, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and the "mop fan" – a centrifugal fan with rotating fibers for intense interaction of gas particles and droplets or aerosols - were examined individually and all operating together within the project. Selected experimental results are presented here.
The goal of the project presented here was the collaborative development, investigation and evalu... more The goal of the project presented here was the collaborative development, investigation and evaluation of gas cleaning components for processing and conditioning producer gases thermochemically generated from biomass. For this particular purpose a modular and adaptable product gas cleaning concept has been projected jointly by the above mentioned partners. The system consists of innovative new gas cleaning and conditioning technologies besides already proven ones. The conceptual novel modules include a gas cooler with structured tubes in vertical design and the combination of quench and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with the for this field of application novel "mop fan" ¬a type of fanned centrifugal filter with rotating fibers flushed with a cleaning agent for removing problematic gaseous and vaporous components, particles and droplets. The system was completed with a hot gas filter. The modules have been investigated individually as well as all together in operation with the gasifier during the project, and moreover, final balances of the achievements in the project were made up and will be outlined in this paper.
Biomass is used for fuel by humanity from prehistoric times. With the passage of time and to meet... more Biomass is used for fuel by humanity from prehistoric times. With the passage of time and to meet the energy needs, non-conventional ways of utilizing the conventional sources became an interest with use of technologies. Biomass gasification is a proven technology that can economically use alternative energy resource of “Carbon Neutral”. Biomass product gas from biomass gasification is composed of CO, CO2, CH4, H2, other hydrocarbons, traces of other components and tar from biomass gasification. Fluidized bed gasification is one of the promising technologies to achieve high thermal conversion efficiency as it takes great advantages of fluidization in terms of uniform temperature profiles and excellent gas-solid interactions. The present research is aimed to evaluate the performance of a bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasifier for product gas production composition using air as gasification agent and SRC willow chips as biomass. Particle capture efficiency of the mop fan and an effec...
Hazardous waste products along with the syngas produced from biomass gasification are one of the ... more Hazardous waste products along with the syngas produced from biomass gasification are one of the major problems of today world. Tar and other solid contaminants removal from syngas are necessary as it is widely used for the production of energy in thermal and power sectors. The raw syngas can be clean up by directly controlling the operating parameters and applying cleaning units. This study aimed to analyze bubbling fluidized bed gasifier and focuses on investigating the novel tar reducing techniques. Different cleaning units; char bed, woodchip bed and mop fan were used to arrest tar directly from producer gas. For the first time, a novel strategical technique of mop fan based on water spray was evaluated. Results showed that tar arrest with bio-char is unsuccessful due to the burning of bed while the average concentration of tar captured by woodchips and mop fan with or without water spray was 0.459 mg/L, 0.987 mg/L and 0.617 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of naphthalene and phenan-threne reduced significantly by 96.46% and 99.27% with water spray based mop fan. Overall tar arresting percentage efficiency with small woodchip, large woodchip, mop fan without water and mop fan with water spray was 22.5% < 29.4% < 60.54% < 89.61% respectively. Hence, these investigations lead to the important findings that mop fan with water spray can be deployed directly to capture contaminants, to prevent the production of waste and to increase the efficiencies of clean syngas for the safer use in the power sector.
The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidi... more The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) with air as gasifying medium. The thermochemical processes during combustion were studied to get better control over the air gasification and to improve its effectiveness. The combustion process of SRC was studied by different thermo-analytical techniques. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermo-gravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to examine the thermal degradation and heat flow rates. The product gas composition (CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2) produced during gasification was analyzed systematically by using an online gas analyzer and an offline GC analyzer. The influence of different equivalence ratios on product gas composition and temperature profile was investigated during SRC gasification. TG/DTG results showed degradation occur in four stages; drying, devolatilization, char combustion and ash formation. Maximum mass loss ~70% was observed in devolatilization stage and two sharp peaks at 315-500 °C in TG/DSC curves indicate the exothermic reactions. The temperature of gasifier was increased in the range of 650-850 °C along with the height of the reactor with increasing equivalent ratio (ER) from 0.25 to 0.32. The experimental results showed that with an increment in ER from 0.25 to 0.32, the average gas composition of H 2 , CO, CH 4 decreased in the range of 9-6%, 16-12%, 4-3% and CO 2 concentration increased from 17 to 19% respectively. The gasifier performance parameters showed a maximum high heating value (HHV) of 4.70 MJ/m 3 , https://doi. T Low heating value (LHV) of 4.37 MJ/m 3 and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 49.63% at 0.25 ER. The ER displayed direct effect on carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) of 95.76% at 0.32 ER and tar yield reduced from 16.78 to 7.24 g/m 3 with increasing ER from 0.25 to 0.32. All parametric results confirmed the reliability of the gasification process and showed a positive impact of ER on CCE and tar yield.
The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidi... more The current study investigates the short rotation coppice (SRC) gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) with air as gasifying medium. The thermochemical processes during combustion were studied to get better control over the air gasification and to improve its effectiveness. The combustion process of SRC was studied by different thermo-analytical techniques. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermo-gravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to examine the thermal degradation and heat flow rates. The product gas composition (CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and H 2) produced during gasification was analyzed systematically by using an online gas analyzer and an offline GC analyzer. The influence of different equivalence ratios on product gas composition and temperature profile was investigated during SRC gasification. TG/DTG results showed degradation occur in four stages; drying, devolatilization, char combustion and ash formation. Maximum mass loss ~70% was observed in devolatilization stage and two sharp peaks at 315-500 °C in TG/DSC curves indicate the exothermic reactions. The temperature of gasifier was increased in the range of 650-850 °C along with the height of the reactor with increasing equivalent ratio (ER) from 0.25 to 0.32. The experimental results showed that with an increment in ER from 0.25 to 0.32, the average gas composition of H 2 , CO, CH 4 decreased in the range of 9-6%, 16-12%, 4-3% and CO 2 concentration increased from 17 to 19% respectively. The gasifier performance parameters showed a maximum high heating value (HHV) of 4.70 MJ/m 3 , https://doi. T Low heating value (LHV) of 4.37 MJ/m 3 and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of 49.63% at 0.25 ER. The ER displayed direct effect on carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) of 95.76% at 0.32 ER and tar yield reduced from 16.78 to 7.24 g/m 3 with increasing ER from 0.25 to 0.32. All parametric results confirmed the reliability of the gasification process and showed a positive impact of ER on CCE and tar yield.
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