Yoshiyuki Inoue

The latest determination of the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB) radiation by Fermi is compared with the theoretical prediction of the blazar component by Inoue & Totani (2009; hereafter IT09). The Fermi EGRB spectrum is in excellent agreement with IT09, indicating that blazars are the dominant component of the EGRB, and contributions from any other sources (e.g., dark matter annihilations) are minor. It also indicates that the blazar SED (spectral energy distribution) sequence taken into account in IT09 is a valid description of mean blazar SEDs. The possible contribution of MeV blazars to the EGRB in the MeV band is also discussed. In five total years of observations, we predict that Fermi will detect ~1200 blazars all sky down to the corresponding sensitivity limit. We also address the detectability of the highest-redshift blazars. Updating our model with regard to high-redshift evolution based on SDSS quasar data, we show that Fermi may find some blazars up to z~6 during the five-year survey. Such blazars could provide a new probe of early star and galaxy formation through GeV spectral attenuation signatures induced by high-redshift UV background radiation.

We investigate the prospects for discovering blazars at very high redshifts z˜ 5. We find that the Fermi may discover a few blazars up to z˜ 6 in the entire sky during its 5-yr survey. We further discuss how such high-redshift blazar candidates may be efficiently selected in the future Fermi data.

A new electromagnetic force analyzing method in end-winding is provided and evaluated by comparing to 3D- FEM electromagnetic analysis. Additionally, estimating method of end-winding vibration on load is suggested by measured data at factory test. Moreover, evaluating method for insulation degradation after operation is offered for large capacity cylindrical synchronous machines, where end-winding portion is the longest and electromagnetic forces on it is the greatest of all rotating machinery.

ABSTRACT We present Suzaku X-ray observations along two edge regions of the Fermi Bubbles, with eight ~= 20 ks pointings across the northern part of the North Polar Spur (NPS) surrounding the north bubble and six across the southernmost edge of the south bubble. After removing compact X-ray features, diffuse X-ray emission is clearly detected and is well reproduced by a three-component spectral model consisting of unabsorbed thermal emission (temperature kT ~= 0.1 keV) from the Local Bubble, absorbed kT ~= 0.3 keV thermal emission related to the NPS and/or Galactic halo (GH), and a power-law component at a level consistent with the cosmic X-ray background. The emission measure (EM) of the 0.3 keV plasma decreases by ~= 50% toward the inner regions of the northeast bubble, with no accompanying temperature change. However, such a jump in the EM is not clearly seen in the south bubble data. While it is unclear whether the NPS originates from a nearby supernova remnant or is related to previous activity within or around the Galactic center, our Suzaku observations provide evidence that suggests the latter scenario. In the latter framework, the presence of a large amount of neutral matter absorbing the X-ray emission as well as the existence of the kT ~= 0.3 keV gas can be naturally interpreted as a weak shock driven by the bubbles' expansion in the surrounding medium, with velocity v exp ~ 300 km s–1 (corresponding to shock Mach number {M} \simeq 1.5), compressing the GH gas to form the NPS feature. We also derived an upper limit for any non-thermal X-ray emission component associated with the bubbles and demonstrate that, in agreement with the aforementioned findings, the non-thermal pressure and energy estimated from a one-zone leptonic model of its broadband spectrum, are in rough equilibrium with that of the surrounding thermal plasma.

ABSTRACT A new method for analyzing electromagnetic force in the end-winding portion of large-capacity synchronous generators is provided and evaluated in comparison with 3D FEM electromagnetic analysis. In addition, a method for estimating end-winding vibration during on-load operation is suggested by measured data at factory testing. Moreover, an evaluation method for insulation degradation after operation is proposed for large-capacity cylindrical synchronous machines, where the end-winding portion is the longest and electromagnetic forces on it are the greatest of all rotating machinery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(4): 78–89, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20666

Position sensitive lasing with continuous wavelength tunability and emission in the cell-plane direction is demonstrated from a photopolymerized cholesteric liquid crystal film. The device has a gradually dilating helix lying in the cell-plane direction and is fabricated by applying a vertical electric field in a conventionally rubbed wedge cell while cooling the sample from the isotropic phase. Tuning range of ~100 nm is achieved by translating the device with respect to the pump beam. Photopolymerizable materials are especially useful in this configuration since a freestanding film, not requiring any external voltage to maintain the molecular ordering, can be prepared.