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Mangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of the tropical and subtropical intertidal regions of the world. The ecosystem is rich in the biodiversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Being in a saline environment, mangrove... more
Mangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of the tropical and subtropical intertidal regions of the world. The ecosystem is rich in the biodiversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Being in a saline environment, mangrove ecosystems harbors different groups of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria. These groups of bacteria exhibit suitability for various biotechnological applications and are a source of many industrially important enzymes and bioactive compounds. Several bioactive compounds with a wide range of biological activities from antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic have been reported from various bacterial and fungal species of mangrove habitats. In particular, some of the halophilic microorganisms are capable of producing massive amounts of compatible solutes that are useful as stabilizers for biomolecules or stress-protective agents. The present chapter highlights the biodiversity of saline microorganisms, particularly halophilic and halotolerant bacteria, ...
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Intellectual property rights (IPR) are legal and official strategies that are assigned to protect the conceptions of the mind such as creations, art and literature works, and various designs (Dutfield 2005). It is also included the marks... more
Intellectual property rights (IPR) are legal and official strategies that are assigned to protect the conceptions of the mind such as creations, art and literature works, and various designs (Dutfield 2005). It is also included the marks that are imprinted on different products inorder to differentiate them from similar products sold in the market (Dutfield 2005). However over years, the concept of intellectual property (IP) is overextended to inculcate not particularly the copyrights, industrial designs, patents, and trademarks; but it also includes the geographical signs, rights of the plant breeders’, profession secrets, along with the rights of the layout-designs of different integrated circuits (Dutfield 2003, 2005). Under the IP law, imperceptible possessions including creations; works related to fictional and artistic; various designs; and idioms; symbols and signs etc. can be safe guard (Dutfield 2005; http://www.innovaccess.eu/definition-ip). This type of protection are pos...
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Mangrove ecosystem is well known for the productivity. Fungi play an important role in the nutritive cycle and support the mangrove ecosystem. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to isolate, characterize and identify... more
Mangrove ecosystem is well known for the productivity. Fungi play an important role in the nutritive cycle and support the mangrove ecosystem. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to isolate, characterize and identify some of the soil fungi from mangroves of Mahanadi delta, Orissa. They are categorized into common (10.75 %), frequent (9.28 %), occasional (6.63 %) and rare (0.38 %). Among the 22 fungal species identified, Fusarium solani was recorded as common, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium red sclerotium as frequent, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niser, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus albus as occasionally and the remaining species are rare. The identification of 22 soil fungal species from mangroves of Mahanadi delta is the first report form this ecosystem. Key words: Fungi, Mangrove ecosystem, Ascomycetes and Actinobacteria.
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Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies applied in the production of nanoenabled devices and of personal care, medicinal, food, and agricultural products. Although different types of metal nanoparticles (MNPs)... more
Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies applied in the production of nanoenabled devices and of personal care, medicinal, food, and agricultural products. Although different types of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are being increasingly used in many sectors, biological and environmental safety during their production is a major concern. The conventional industrial nanoparticle (NP) production methods involve different chemical and high-energy physical processes that are harmful to the environment and expensive as well. Therefore, the green synthesis of NP-using plants is considered to be an alternative method that reduces the use of hazardous chemicals and harsh reaction conditions in MNP production. Recently, mangrove plant–mediated NP synthesis has attracted many researchers as these plants possess enormous amounts of unique phytochemicals that play a significant role in NP synthesis. This chapter discusses different mangrove species and their parts used for the synthesis of MNPs, along with characterizations of the techniques used in NP synthesis and their pharmaceutical applications. In addition, this review also highlights the factors limiting the use of plant-based NP synthesis.
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Chromate reductase activity of a highly resistance Bacillus sp. isolated from chromite mine soil of Odisha (India) was associated mainly with the contribution of extracellular enzymes production. The maximum chromate reductase production... more
Chromate reductase activity of a highly resistance Bacillus sp. isolated from chromite mine soil of Odisha (India) was associated mainly with the contribution of extracellular enzymes production. The maximum chromate reductase production from Bacillus sp. was achieved in the presence of 50 μM of Cr(VI); 0.5%, (w/v) of glucose;1%, (w/v) of trypton; 0.5%, (w/v) of Na2HPO4; 0.5%, (w/v) KNO3; 0.5%, (w/v) KCl and 0.5%, (w/v) thiamine as source of vitamin with the initial medium pH of 7.0 and incubation at 35 °C under shaking condition (100 rpm) as optimum condition. In these conditions, the chromate reductase production was enhanced to a significant level of 3.67 ± 0.014 U ml−1 as compared to unoptimized condition (2.37 ± 0.029 U ml−1) with decrease in time from 24 h (late log phase) under unoptimized condition to 16 h under optimized condition. The efficacy of purified protein was checked for detoxification of Cr(VI). It was able to detoxify 63% of chromate within a time period of 30 min. Thus, the enhanced production and efficacy of extracellular enzyme by the Bacillus sp. is a promising result which has great potential for its application in bioremediation of hexavalent chromium from environment.
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Hexavalent chromium is a highly toxic element generated due to indiscriminate chromite mining in Sukinda, Odisha. In the present research investigation a relatively higher Cr(VI) resistant (900 mg L-1) bacterium CWB-54 was isolated from... more
Hexavalent chromium is a highly toxic element generated due to indiscriminate chromite mining in Sukinda, Odisha. In the present research investigation a relatively higher Cr(VI) resistant (900 mg L-1) bacterium CWB-54 was isolated from the chromite mine water. Based on the biochemical and molecular analysis the strain (CWB-54) was identified as Exiguobacterium mexicanum. When this bacterium was grown at 35 °C, 100 rpm, pH~8.0, and fructose as an electron donor, it could reduce the total hexavalent chromium (100 mg L-1) supplemented in the medium within 33 h of incubation period. Though experiment was carried out to study the effect of Mn, Ni, Cd, Hg and Zn on Cr(VI) reduction by the strain E. mexicanum it has been observed that in the presence of Cd and Hg, Cr(VI) reduction drastically decreased. Characterization of Cr(VI) reduced product by SEM-EDX and TEM analysis revealed intracellular and extracellular Cr(III) deposition in the bacterium, which is assumed to be Cr(OH)3 precipitate in nanometric size. But the extracellular chromate reductase enzyme production is found to be negligible as compared to the intracellular enzyme production. The increased concentration of Cr(VI) above (1000 mg L-1) also showed the genotoxic effect on the DNA. Several reports have been published on Exiguobacterium sp. on different scientific aspect but the current report on the reduction of toxic Cr(VI) by a new species E. mexicanum is a novel one which established the potentiality of this microorganism for a broad area of application.
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Background: Nowadays medicines derived from natural sources have drawn much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the suppression and treatment of cancer because of their low toxicity and fewer side effects. Objective: The present... more
Background: Nowadays medicines derived from natural sources have drawn much attention as potential therapeutic agents in the suppression and treatment of cancer because of their low toxicity and fewer side effects. Objective: The present review aims to assess the currently available knowledge on the ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds obtained from medicinal mushrooms towards cancer treatment. Methods: A literature search has been conducted for the collection of research papers from universally accepted scientific databases. These research papers and published book chapters were scrutinized to retrieve information on ethnomedicinal uses of mushrooms, different factors involved in cancer cell proliferation, clinical and in silico pharmaceutical studies made for possible treatments of cancer using mushroom derived compounds. Overall, 241 articles were retrieved and reviewed from the year 1970 to 2020, out of which 98 relevant articles were finally...
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ABSTRACT The genus Avicennia comprises eight species of mangrove trees that occur in intertidal zones of estuaries and seabeds found in tropical and temperate regions spanning throughout the world. The plants belonging to the genus have... more
ABSTRACT The genus Avicennia comprises eight species of mangrove trees that occur in intertidal zones of estuaries and seabeds found in tropical and temperate regions spanning throughout the world. The plants belonging to the genus have both ecological and economic benefits. Different parts of the plants have ethnomedicinal applications for treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, malaria, rheumatism, asthma, small pox and ulcer. Pharmacological investigations have revealed antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities and so on in these plants. The genus possesses some unique metabolites of varied chemicals classes, which are responsible for their wide range of pharmacological activities. The presence of different bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, glycosides and terpenoids has been detected. Hence, there is a great scope to discover new biological active phytochemicals from different mangrove species of genus Avicennia. Although many research articles have been published on various pharmacological aspects of different plants of the genus, no comprehensive review is yet available pertaining to their ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. The present article discusses the diversity as well as distribution of different species of genus Avicennia along with an in-depth coverage of their ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles.
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In the bioconversion of lignocelluloses for bioethanol, pretreatment seems to be the most important step which improves the elimination of the lignin and hemicelluloses content, exposing cellulose to further hydrolysis. The present study... more
In the bioconversion of lignocelluloses for bioethanol, pretreatment seems to be the most important step which improves the elimination of the lignin and hemicelluloses content, exposing cellulose to further hydrolysis. The present study discusses the application of dynamic statistical techniques like the Taguchi method and artificial neural network (ANN) in the optimization of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomasses such as Hybrid Napier grass (HNG) (Pennisetum purpureum) and Denanath grass (DG) (Pennisetum pedicellatum), using alkali sodium hydroxide. This study analysed and determined a parameter combination with a low number of experiments by using the Taguchi method in which both the substrates can be efficiently pretreated. The optimized parameters obtained from the L16 orthogonal array are soaking time (18 and 26 h), temperature (60°C and 55°C), and alkali concentration (1%) for HNG and DG, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the optimized pretr...
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Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia and becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. Production of reactive oxygen species and disturbed... more
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia and becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. Production of reactive oxygen species and disturbed capacity of antioxidant defence have been reported for enhanced production of free radicals in diabetic subjects. As oxidative stress is found to be a central event in the development of diabetic complications, hence antioxidants may play an important role in the improvement of diabetes and its associated complications. Currently there has been an increased interest globally to identify antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. Phytochemicals and metabolites from mangrove plants are reported to exhibit strong antioxidant properties in terms of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. Recent researches have also revealed that a number of mangrove plants have shown antidiabetic activities attributed to their unique metabolites such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, limonoids and polysaccharides. Thus, mangrove plants can be of great use in tackling diabetic and its associated oxidative stress mediated complications. The present review highlights a relation between oxidative stress and diabetes and the role of mangrove plants in alleviating diabetes, in general, and oxidative stress mediated diabetic complications, in particular.
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Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of active principles that have been exploited for the treatment of various ailments by a majority of the world's population. In recent years, many advanced biotechnological methods are... more
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of active principles that have been exploited for the treatment of various ailments by a majority of the world's population. In recent years, many advanced biotechnological methods are employed to select, multiply, improve, and analyze medicinal plants for their application in traditional and modern medicinal preparations and drug discovery. The purpose of the present
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Research Interests: Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Soil, Environmental Remediation, and 14 moreWaste Management, Environmental Chemistry, Adsorption, Solid waste, Hazardous Materials, Chromium, Soil Microbiology, Oxygen, Industrial Waste, Refuse disposal, Hexavalent Chromium, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Soil Pollutants, and minerals and mining
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Chemistry, Medical Microbiology, Medicine, Reactive Oxygen Species, and 11 moreIndian, Iron, Hydrogen Peroxide, Antibacterial activity, Ascorbic Acid, Plant Extract, Total Phenolics, Aqueous Extract, Total Phenolic Content, Minimal Bactericidal Concentration, and minimal inhibitory concentration
Two Gram (+) bacterial strains, BSB6 and BSB12, showing resistance and potential for Se(IV) reduction among 26 moderately halotolerant isolates from the Bhitarkanika mangrove soil were characterized by biochemical and 16S rDNA sequence... more
Two Gram (+) bacterial strains, BSB6 and BSB12, showing resistance and potential for Se(IV) reduction among 26 moderately halotolerant isolates from the Bhitarkanika mangrove soil were characterized by biochemical and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Both of them were strictly aerobic and able to grow in a wide range of pH (4-11), temperature (4-40°C) and salt concentration (4-12%) having an optimum growth at 37°C, pH ∼7.5 and 7% salt (NaCl). The biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of BSB6 and BSB12 showed the closest phylogenetic similarity with the species Bacillus megaterium. Both the strains effectively reduced Se(IV) and complete reduction of selenite (up to 0.25 mM) was achieved within 40 h. SEM with energy dispersive X-ray and TEM analyses revealed the formation of nano size spherical selenium particles in and around the bacterial cells which were also supported by the confocal micrograph study. The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and XRD of selenium precipitates revealed that the selenium particles are in the nanometric range and crystalline in nature. These bacterial strains may be exploited further for bioremediation process of Se(IV) at relatively high salt concentrations and green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles.