This report presents the results of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of a series of agriculture pr... more This report presents the results of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of a series of agriculture production and productivity enhancing interventions in Nigeria. More than 20,000 impoverished farmers have received assistance under this program. A CBA was undertaken to assess the financial and economic benefits of adopting best agricultural practices by these farmers in growing crops. While these interventions do improve the households’ incomes across all VCs, the assistance alone will not allow the households to move above the poverty line threshold. Households need to rely on other economic activities, including livestock husbandry, or non-farm employment to graduate from extreme poverty. Acknowledgements This analysis was completed through the financial support of USAID’ through their “Learning, Evaluation, and Analysis Project (LEAP II). And its contract with the International Development Group. Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-12-00042/AID-OAA-TO-14-00046. The assistance of Abdoul Mureke...
The objective of the program being analyzed is to promote optimal nutrition of infants, provide w... more The objective of the program being analyzed is to promote optimal nutrition of infants, provide water and sanitation access, and improve hygiene practices. This cost effectiveness analysis undertaken here, demonstrates that there is a substantial financial and economic gain from investing in integrated interventions that improve water and sanitation services as well as promote child health and nutrition through exclusive breastfeeding for infants under six months. The expected incremental health benefits far outweigh the incremental costs of investing in these interventions. The impact of this project has been substantial as demonstrated by the result of the cost effectiveness analysis. Disclaimer The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. bank which is likely to gather the NPLs of the banks but rather a reconstruction and development financing institution which can provide...
The primary objective of this project is to enhance a sustainable reduction of rural poverty, and... more The primary objective of this project is to enhance a sustainable reduction of rural poverty, and to improve the food security, nutrition, and hygiene of households on irrigation schemes and dry land sites. Trainings were provided for farmers to increase agricultural productivity to increase the volume of marketed surplus of cash and food crops, and improve the nutrition and hygiene of beneficiary households. The project concentrated on maize, groundnuts, green mealies, and tomatoes value chains. The CBA of these four crops cover two high- value crops of green mealies and tomatoes; and two staple food crops of maize and groundnuts. The project targeted doubling crops yields of horticultural produce.
One solution to the global energy challenge is the intensification of investment in hydropower pr... more One solution to the global energy challenge is the intensification of investment in hydropower projects that provide clean, reliable and affordable energy (IEA, 2012). Advocates of hydropower projects site their numerous benefits such as reduction in fossil fuel consumption, provision for water for irrigation and other uses, flood control and inland water transport. However, a common challenge often faced by hydropower projects is the issue of cost and time overruns. This study builds on the earlier work of Awojobi and Jenkins (2015) which examined the net economic benefits of 58 WBG financed hydropower projects between 1975 and 2005. It is thus important to evaluate the net benefits attached to hydropower projects constructed post-2005. This study extends the sample size by 10 more to cover 68 WBG financed hydropower projects and re-computes the results for the previous 58 hydro dams using a consistent set of data and assumptions. This extended sample will enable one to evaluate ch...
The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the Government of Senegal envision that 82% of rural ... more The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the Government of Senegal envision that 82% of rural households should have access to drinking water by 2015, as compared to 64% in 2005. On the sanitation side, 59% of rural households should have adequate on-site systems by the same time as compared to 17% in 2005. Within this context, the proposed program is aimed at expanding the rural water and sanitation program in Senegal. It involves the construction of new rural water supply and sanitation infrastructure, the rehabilitation of existing facilities and setting up of a program coordination unit that will manage the implementation of the program. The purpose of this appraisal study is to assess the impact of the proposed program and quantify, in monetary terms, the various socio-economic benefits that accrue to the targeted populations. Such benefits typically include time savings for consumers; reduction in water related diseases; increased school attendance especially among girls; w...
The study evaluated the crop cultivation practices that currently prevail in Rwanda and recommend... more The study evaluated the crop cultivation practices that currently prevail in Rwanda and recommends interventions to improve yields and reduce post-harvest losses. The recommended agricultural practices are expected to reduce the unit cost of production and increase farmers’ income. The study attempts to analyze comparative economic advantage of Rwandan crops as well as the financial profitability of these crops for farmers. The comparative economic advantage is assessed using the economic cost of inputs and economic value of outputs which is frequently different from market prices due to various distortions such as taxes and subsidies. The financial income from cultivation of crops is, in turn, estimated using market prices. The current agricultural policies toward achieving food self-sufficiency are evaluated. Acknowledgements The assistance of Trade specialist, Mrs. Gaudence Mukamurenzi. Agronomists; Mrs. Speciose Kantengwa, Mr. Didier Uhoraningoga, John Twiringiyimana, Jean Marie...
The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) conducted in this program was aimed at reducing rural poverty and... more The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) conducted in this program was aimed at reducing rural poverty and that will increase the incomes and food security looking at the value chain on beef and dairy for farmers producing in small scale and also to improve their hygiene and nutritional practices and building the capacity that will enhance agricultural development. The results of the cost- benefit analysis (CBA). It shows that annual income for beef cattle farmers would increase by USD419. The financial returns are driven by the significant increase in the costs associated with adopting Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHPs). The Veterinary Costs will increase by 475% while feeding and labor costs increased by an estimated to be 169% and 148% respectively. There also will be an increase in employment as a result of the increase in labour cost in the Value Chain.
This study empirically examines the relationship between the severity of recessions experienced b... more This study empirically examines the relationship between the severity of recessions experienced by countries and their income distributions. The analysis is carried out for 28 higher middle- and high-income countries between 1970 and 2013. The empirical evidence derived from the changes in the Gini-index suggests that a greater degree of income inequality increases the cumulative loss of GDP inflicted by recessions. The increased cost emerges from both a longer duration and a deeper amplitude for the contractionary phase of the business cycle.
This paper contains a quantitative assessment of the innovative social security pension reforms i... more This paper contains a quantitative assessment of the innovative social security pension reforms in Northern Cyprus that were introduced in 2008 and later refined in 2012.A set of estimations are carried out to determine whether the reforms were sufficient to make the system self-financing. The key question is whether the contributions over a participant’s working life would currently be sufficient to finance the pension promises throughout retirement. It is found that although significant improvements have been made, in the structure of the system to adjust the pension benefits for the past experience of inflation and to prevent the artificial increase of pension rights for those near for retirement, the new system is neither fiscally neutral nor socially equitable. Without further adjustments to either the contribution rates or to the benefit formula, it will require budget subsidies to be sustained. For individuals it provides a great subsidy to high-income participants compared with the subsidy received by those with lower incomes. The major beneficiary group is rich widows. Recommendations are made for policy changes to correct these defects.
This report presents the results of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of a series of agriculture pr... more This report presents the results of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of a series of agriculture production and productivity enhancing interventions in Nigeria. More than 20,000 impoverished farmers have received assistance under this program. A CBA was undertaken to assess the financial and economic benefits of adopting best agricultural practices by these farmers in growing crops. While these interventions do improve the households’ incomes across all VCs, the assistance alone will not allow the households to move above the poverty line threshold. Households need to rely on other economic activities, including livestock husbandry, or non-farm employment to graduate from extreme poverty. Acknowledgements This analysis was completed through the financial support of USAID’ through their “Learning, Evaluation, and Analysis Project (LEAP II). And its contract with the International Development Group. Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-12-00042/AID-OAA-TO-14-00046. The assistance of Abdoul Mureke...
The objective of the program being analyzed is to promote optimal nutrition of infants, provide w... more The objective of the program being analyzed is to promote optimal nutrition of infants, provide water and sanitation access, and improve hygiene practices. This cost effectiveness analysis undertaken here, demonstrates that there is a substantial financial and economic gain from investing in integrated interventions that improve water and sanitation services as well as promote child health and nutrition through exclusive breastfeeding for infants under six months. The expected incremental health benefits far outweigh the incremental costs of investing in these interventions. The impact of this project has been substantial as demonstrated by the result of the cost effectiveness analysis. Disclaimer The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. bank which is likely to gather the NPLs of the banks but rather a reconstruction and development financing institution which can provide...
The primary objective of this project is to enhance a sustainable reduction of rural poverty, and... more The primary objective of this project is to enhance a sustainable reduction of rural poverty, and to improve the food security, nutrition, and hygiene of households on irrigation schemes and dry land sites. Trainings were provided for farmers to increase agricultural productivity to increase the volume of marketed surplus of cash and food crops, and improve the nutrition and hygiene of beneficiary households. The project concentrated on maize, groundnuts, green mealies, and tomatoes value chains. The CBA of these four crops cover two high- value crops of green mealies and tomatoes; and two staple food crops of maize and groundnuts. The project targeted doubling crops yields of horticultural produce.
One solution to the global energy challenge is the intensification of investment in hydropower pr... more One solution to the global energy challenge is the intensification of investment in hydropower projects that provide clean, reliable and affordable energy (IEA, 2012). Advocates of hydropower projects site their numerous benefits such as reduction in fossil fuel consumption, provision for water for irrigation and other uses, flood control and inland water transport. However, a common challenge often faced by hydropower projects is the issue of cost and time overruns. This study builds on the earlier work of Awojobi and Jenkins (2015) which examined the net economic benefits of 58 WBG financed hydropower projects between 1975 and 2005. It is thus important to evaluate the net benefits attached to hydropower projects constructed post-2005. This study extends the sample size by 10 more to cover 68 WBG financed hydropower projects and re-computes the results for the previous 58 hydro dams using a consistent set of data and assumptions. This extended sample will enable one to evaluate ch...
The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the Government of Senegal envision that 82% of rural ... more The Millennium Development Goals adopted by the Government of Senegal envision that 82% of rural households should have access to drinking water by 2015, as compared to 64% in 2005. On the sanitation side, 59% of rural households should have adequate on-site systems by the same time as compared to 17% in 2005. Within this context, the proposed program is aimed at expanding the rural water and sanitation program in Senegal. It involves the construction of new rural water supply and sanitation infrastructure, the rehabilitation of existing facilities and setting up of a program coordination unit that will manage the implementation of the program. The purpose of this appraisal study is to assess the impact of the proposed program and quantify, in monetary terms, the various socio-economic benefits that accrue to the targeted populations. Such benefits typically include time savings for consumers; reduction in water related diseases; increased school attendance especially among girls; w...
The study evaluated the crop cultivation practices that currently prevail in Rwanda and recommend... more The study evaluated the crop cultivation practices that currently prevail in Rwanda and recommends interventions to improve yields and reduce post-harvest losses. The recommended agricultural practices are expected to reduce the unit cost of production and increase farmers’ income. The study attempts to analyze comparative economic advantage of Rwandan crops as well as the financial profitability of these crops for farmers. The comparative economic advantage is assessed using the economic cost of inputs and economic value of outputs which is frequently different from market prices due to various distortions such as taxes and subsidies. The financial income from cultivation of crops is, in turn, estimated using market prices. The current agricultural policies toward achieving food self-sufficiency are evaluated. Acknowledgements The assistance of Trade specialist, Mrs. Gaudence Mukamurenzi. Agronomists; Mrs. Speciose Kantengwa, Mr. Didier Uhoraningoga, John Twiringiyimana, Jean Marie...
The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) conducted in this program was aimed at reducing rural poverty and... more The Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) conducted in this program was aimed at reducing rural poverty and that will increase the incomes and food security looking at the value chain on beef and dairy for farmers producing in small scale and also to improve their hygiene and nutritional practices and building the capacity that will enhance agricultural development. The results of the cost- benefit analysis (CBA). It shows that annual income for beef cattle farmers would increase by USD419. The financial returns are driven by the significant increase in the costs associated with adopting Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHPs). The Veterinary Costs will increase by 475% while feeding and labor costs increased by an estimated to be 169% and 148% respectively. There also will be an increase in employment as a result of the increase in labour cost in the Value Chain.
This study empirically examines the relationship between the severity of recessions experienced b... more This study empirically examines the relationship between the severity of recessions experienced by countries and their income distributions. The analysis is carried out for 28 higher middle- and high-income countries between 1970 and 2013. The empirical evidence derived from the changes in the Gini-index suggests that a greater degree of income inequality increases the cumulative loss of GDP inflicted by recessions. The increased cost emerges from both a longer duration and a deeper amplitude for the contractionary phase of the business cycle.
This paper contains a quantitative assessment of the innovative social security pension reforms i... more This paper contains a quantitative assessment of the innovative social security pension reforms in Northern Cyprus that were introduced in 2008 and later refined in 2012.A set of estimations are carried out to determine whether the reforms were sufficient to make the system self-financing. The key question is whether the contributions over a participant’s working life would currently be sufficient to finance the pension promises throughout retirement. It is found that although significant improvements have been made, in the structure of the system to adjust the pension benefits for the past experience of inflation and to prevent the artificial increase of pension rights for those near for retirement, the new system is neither fiscally neutral nor socially equitable. Without further adjustments to either the contribution rates or to the benefit formula, it will require budget subsidies to be sustained. For individuals it provides a great subsidy to high-income participants compared with the subsidy received by those with lower incomes. The major beneficiary group is rich widows. Recommendations are made for policy changes to correct these defects.
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