Different backcrosses between the F1 and two inbred parental strains (C and B6) were compared for... more Different backcrosses between the F1 and two inbred parental strains (C and B6) were compared for swimming speed in water escape task and for swimming ability in a water channel. Results showed maternal effects, mice from an F1 dam swimming faster than mice from an inbred dam. Albino mice appear to be more sensitive to these effects could also be related to the inbreeding level of the offspring, the reciprocal backcrosses showing differences, whereas the two reciprocal F1's did not. Maternal effects appear to be greater in the water escape task than in the water channel situation.
MODIFICATION OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOR DURING THE NESTING PERIOD IN THE COMMON BUZZARD (Buteo buteo) C... more MODIFICATION OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOR DURING THE NESTING PERIOD IN THE COMMON BUZZARD (Buteo buteo) CHRISTINE HUBERT, ALAIN GALLO ... que ocurrid durante las sesiones de alimentarias, El tercer periodo (9-30 dias) se caracterizó por una discminución ...
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1981
Different generations from a Mendelian crossing schedule and two inbred recombinant albino strain... more Different generations from a Mendelian crossing schedule and two inbred recombinant albino strains were compared in a water-escape and a locomotor task under dim red-orange light. The results revealed deleterious effects of the albino gene. Although seriously altering cognitive-capacities, they did not affect locomotor tasks. The degree of expression of these effects was greater in the inbred albino mice than in the albinos from heterozygous generations. Differences in the genetic background may also affect the degree of expression of the albino gene effects in various albino strains. The visual system is unlikely to mediate the pleiotropic effects of the albino gene discussed in this report.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1979
Fourteen hundred and four mice from two inbred strains (Balb/c and C57BL/6), F1, F2, and backcros... more Fourteen hundred and four mice from two inbred strains (Balb/c and C57BL/6), F1, F2, and backcrosses were subjected to four trials in a water-escape task and to a swimming test. Detailed analysis of mice behavior in these situations showed that the "F1 hybrid vigor" affected behavioral characters not directly related to physical vigor but of potential adaptive value. Their superiority was mainly due to more frequent adoption of an efficient behavioral tactic (direct or edge escape paths toward the exit) and more rapid progress with experience in this respect than other generations exhibited. These results clearly show that heterosis is not limited to physical vigor but may extend to behavioral and even psychological characters.
Series of cardiac interbeat intervals were recorded in 34 mice and described using an original te... more Series of cardiac interbeat intervals were recorded in 34 mice and described using an original technique. The different intervals were divided into six classes according to their lengths. The different successions of pairs of intervals were counted with the help of a software programme devoted to lexical analysis. Most of the mice showed a very similar pattern of repeated sequences of interbeat intervals, statistically different from a random distribution. One-, two- or three-dimensional chaotic discrete maps were used to generate series that were then analyzed in the same way. They failed to give a distribution pattern of repeated sequences similar to the biological ones. On the contrary, series generated using a random component, and limited in amplitude by a feed-back correction occurring when the intervals reached a lower or an upper threshold, gave distributions of values very similar to biological ones. Moreover, the natural diversity observed between mice was easily reproduced by fluctuation of these different parameters. It is suggested that a very simple process, not completely deterministic, could better explain interbeat interval regulation in normal mice than did chaotic phenomena, which need complex biological processes.
The production in vitro of interferon alpha and gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 25... more The production in vitro of interferon alpha and gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 13 patients with chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B was compared to that of healthy controls. Following induction by Molt 4 leukemia cells (P less than 0.001) and influenza A/X31 virus (P less than 0.01), there was a significantly lower interferon alpha response in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B. Yields of interferon gamma in patients with chronic hepatitis were comparable to those of normal individuals. The degree of interferon deficiency did not correlate with severity of liver disease. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, viral replication (presence or absence of HBeAg) was not related to the defect in interferon alpha production. Three of 10 patients with acute hepatitis B had measurable antiviral activity in the serum for 3-5 days after the onset of jaundice.
The effects of the albino gene on mouse behavior were examined, in particular its possible intera... more The effects of the albino gene on mouse behavior were examined, in particular its possible interactions with nonallelic genes (epistasis). More generally, the possible effects of genetic background (inbreeding depression or hybrid vigor) on the effects of the mutation were also considered. Tasks requiring either predominantly motor or predominantly cognitive capacity were studied for coisogenic albino and pigmented mice from either an inbred strain (C57BL/6 c/c vs. C57BL/6 +/c) or an F1 heterozygous generation (F1 c/c vs. F1 +/c) from a BALB/c X C57BL/6 +/c cross. The results showed a clear albino gene effect in the two lines and provide further evidence that the gene is the effective factor. On the other hand, there was no significant interaction between the mutation and the genotypic group (C57BL/6 or F1), which indicates that the effects of the mutation act approximately in an additive fashion between loci in these groups.
Description of the sexual behaviour of Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with a lexic... more Description of the sexual behaviour of Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with a lexical analysis software package. The sexual behaviour of Calliphora vomitoria was described using a lexical analysis software package considering courtship as a series of words, without any arbitrary categorization. Normal as well as manipulated partners of both sexes were presented to the males. Results showed that normal courtship and copulation occurred when the wings were modified but present and correctly oriented, whereas perturbations were observed and copulation disappeared after inversion and various head modifications. Missing elements (head and wings) were less disruptive than their inversion. If the partner was supposed to be scanned from the head to the abdomen via the wings and if it was supposed to perceive the relative position of these different parts, it is obvious that the absence of an element did not act as an error message and courtship and copulation were preserved. On the other hand, inversion of the same elements seemed to induce wrong or inconsistent informations affecting courtship structure, probably because of sequence disturbance. The courtship preservation in front of every kind of manipulation leads us to question what image of the sexual partner is constructed.
We analysed precisely, with video tapes, the behaviour of 38 Wistar rats submitted to a continuou... more We analysed precisely, with video tapes, the behaviour of 38 Wistar rats submitted to a continuous reinforcement in a Skinner box. Animals displayed 14 different behavioural patterns close to the bar. We found that the increasing frequency of the bar press, generally considered as a unitary response was, in fact, due to summation of the development of several different behaviour frequencies. A CAH analysis led to the distinction of 5 behavioural categories. The frequency of each category of behavioural patterns varied throughout learning in respect with the number of sessions before criterion. So, learning in the Skinner box would result from an association of the reinforcers with the successive units of behaviour exhibited by animals at the bar whose sequential organization and nature change according to acquisition rapidity.
Continuous measurements of locomotor activity of male mice of inbred strains BALB/c and C57BL/6 w... more Continuous measurements of locomotor activity of male mice of inbred strains BALB/c and C57BL/6 were made over 3-day periods, either in seminatural conditions or in breeding cages. Under both living conditions, contrary to what was found by previous investigations, BALB/c mice showed a higher level of activity than C57BL/6 mice. In seminatural conditions, BALB/c mice concentrated more of their locomotor
This study focuses on maternal activities involved in the trapping of piglets by the sow’s body i... more This study focuses on maternal activities involved in the trapping of piglets by the sow’s body in outdoor farrowing systems and examine the mother–piglet context leading either to the death of piglets or to their survival. The behaviour of six Large-White×Landrace sows and their litters was continuously video recorded at their first and second parity, during the 40h following parturition.
Different backcrosses between the F1 and two inbred parental strains (C and B6) were compared for... more Different backcrosses between the F1 and two inbred parental strains (C and B6) were compared for swimming speed in water escape task and for swimming ability in a water channel. Results showed maternal effects, mice from an F1 dam swimming faster than mice from an inbred dam. Albino mice appear to be more sensitive to these effects could also be related to the inbreeding level of the offspring, the reciprocal backcrosses showing differences, whereas the two reciprocal F1's did not. Maternal effects appear to be greater in the water escape task than in the water channel situation.
MODIFICATION OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOR DURING THE NESTING PERIOD IN THE COMMON BUZZARD (Buteo buteo) C... more MODIFICATION OF PARENTAL BEHAVIOR DURING THE NESTING PERIOD IN THE COMMON BUZZARD (Buteo buteo) CHRISTINE HUBERT, ALAIN GALLO ... que ocurrid durante las sesiones de alimentarias, El tercer periodo (9-30 dias) se caracterizó por una discminución ...
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 1981
Different generations from a Mendelian crossing schedule and two inbred recombinant albino strain... more Different generations from a Mendelian crossing schedule and two inbred recombinant albino strains were compared in a water-escape and a locomotor task under dim red-orange light. The results revealed deleterious effects of the albino gene. Although seriously altering cognitive-capacities, they did not affect locomotor tasks. The degree of expression of these effects was greater in the inbred albino mice than in the albinos from heterozygous generations. Differences in the genetic background may also affect the degree of expression of the albino gene effects in various albino strains. The visual system is unlikely to mediate the pleiotropic effects of the albino gene discussed in this report.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1979
Fourteen hundred and four mice from two inbred strains (Balb/c and C57BL/6), F1, F2, and backcros... more Fourteen hundred and four mice from two inbred strains (Balb/c and C57BL/6), F1, F2, and backcrosses were subjected to four trials in a water-escape task and to a swimming test. Detailed analysis of mice behavior in these situations showed that the "F1 hybrid vigor" affected behavioral characters not directly related to physical vigor but of potential adaptive value. Their superiority was mainly due to more frequent adoption of an efficient behavioral tactic (direct or edge escape paths toward the exit) and more rapid progress with experience in this respect than other generations exhibited. These results clearly show that heterosis is not limited to physical vigor but may extend to behavioral and even psychological characters.
Series of cardiac interbeat intervals were recorded in 34 mice and described using an original te... more Series of cardiac interbeat intervals were recorded in 34 mice and described using an original technique. The different intervals were divided into six classes according to their lengths. The different successions of pairs of intervals were counted with the help of a software programme devoted to lexical analysis. Most of the mice showed a very similar pattern of repeated sequences of interbeat intervals, statistically different from a random distribution. One-, two- or three-dimensional chaotic discrete maps were used to generate series that were then analyzed in the same way. They failed to give a distribution pattern of repeated sequences similar to the biological ones. On the contrary, series generated using a random component, and limited in amplitude by a feed-back correction occurring when the intervals reached a lower or an upper threshold, gave distributions of values very similar to biological ones. Moreover, the natural diversity observed between mice was easily reproduced by fluctuation of these different parameters. It is suggested that a very simple process, not completely deterministic, could better explain interbeat interval regulation in normal mice than did chaotic phenomena, which need complex biological processes.
The production in vitro of interferon alpha and gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 25... more The production in vitro of interferon alpha and gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 13 patients with chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B was compared to that of healthy controls. Following induction by Molt 4 leukemia cells (P less than 0.001) and influenza A/X31 virus (P less than 0.01), there was a significantly lower interferon alpha response in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B. Yields of interferon gamma in patients with chronic hepatitis were comparable to those of normal individuals. The degree of interferon deficiency did not correlate with severity of liver disease. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, viral replication (presence or absence of HBeAg) was not related to the defect in interferon alpha production. Three of 10 patients with acute hepatitis B had measurable antiviral activity in the serum for 3-5 days after the onset of jaundice.
The effects of the albino gene on mouse behavior were examined, in particular its possible intera... more The effects of the albino gene on mouse behavior were examined, in particular its possible interactions with nonallelic genes (epistasis). More generally, the possible effects of genetic background (inbreeding depression or hybrid vigor) on the effects of the mutation were also considered. Tasks requiring either predominantly motor or predominantly cognitive capacity were studied for coisogenic albino and pigmented mice from either an inbred strain (C57BL/6 c/c vs. C57BL/6 +/c) or an F1 heterozygous generation (F1 c/c vs. F1 +/c) from a BALB/c X C57BL/6 +/c cross. The results showed a clear albino gene effect in the two lines and provide further evidence that the gene is the effective factor. On the other hand, there was no significant interaction between the mutation and the genotypic group (C57BL/6 or F1), which indicates that the effects of the mutation act approximately in an additive fashion between loci in these groups.
Description of the sexual behaviour of Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with a lexic... more Description of the sexual behaviour of Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with a lexical analysis software package. The sexual behaviour of Calliphora vomitoria was described using a lexical analysis software package considering courtship as a series of words, without any arbitrary categorization. Normal as well as manipulated partners of both sexes were presented to the males. Results showed that normal courtship and copulation occurred when the wings were modified but present and correctly oriented, whereas perturbations were observed and copulation disappeared after inversion and various head modifications. Missing elements (head and wings) were less disruptive than their inversion. If the partner was supposed to be scanned from the head to the abdomen via the wings and if it was supposed to perceive the relative position of these different parts, it is obvious that the absence of an element did not act as an error message and courtship and copulation were preserved. On the other hand, inversion of the same elements seemed to induce wrong or inconsistent informations affecting courtship structure, probably because of sequence disturbance. The courtship preservation in front of every kind of manipulation leads us to question what image of the sexual partner is constructed.
We analysed precisely, with video tapes, the behaviour of 38 Wistar rats submitted to a continuou... more We analysed precisely, with video tapes, the behaviour of 38 Wistar rats submitted to a continuous reinforcement in a Skinner box. Animals displayed 14 different behavioural patterns close to the bar. We found that the increasing frequency of the bar press, generally considered as a unitary response was, in fact, due to summation of the development of several different behaviour frequencies. A CAH analysis led to the distinction of 5 behavioural categories. The frequency of each category of behavioural patterns varied throughout learning in respect with the number of sessions before criterion. So, learning in the Skinner box would result from an association of the reinforcers with the successive units of behaviour exhibited by animals at the bar whose sequential organization and nature change according to acquisition rapidity.
Continuous measurements of locomotor activity of male mice of inbred strains BALB/c and C57BL/6 w... more Continuous measurements of locomotor activity of male mice of inbred strains BALB/c and C57BL/6 were made over 3-day periods, either in seminatural conditions or in breeding cages. Under both living conditions, contrary to what was found by previous investigations, BALB/c mice showed a higher level of activity than C57BL/6 mice. In seminatural conditions, BALB/c mice concentrated more of their locomotor
This study focuses on maternal activities involved in the trapping of piglets by the sow’s body i... more This study focuses on maternal activities involved in the trapping of piglets by the sow’s body in outdoor farrowing systems and examine the mother–piglet context leading either to the death of piglets or to their survival. The behaviour of six Large-White×Landrace sows and their litters was continuously video recorded at their first and second parity, during the 40h following parturition.
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