Diacronia by Gabriela-Iuliana Morcov
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The article aims at revealing the features of Romanian letter-writing during its stages of format... more The article aims at revealing the features of Romanian letter-writing during its stages of formation and consolidation. The structural and the stylistic analysis of letters is carried out with regard to the composition of the documents written in Old Romanian according to the requirements imposed by the Slavonic template and with regard to the rhetorical division of the three styles: the simple style, the middle style and the grand style. The description of the Old Romanian epistolary style is based on a taxonomy inspired by Roman Jakobson's functional communicative model (1964). Following the six factors identified by Jakobson, letters are classified according to the socio-cultural status and the communicative competence of the addresser and of the addressee and in line with the context, the channel and the linguistic code used to write them. " How should the conversation be? It should be clear and simple. These are also the two features of letter-writing. " C. Donescu, Epistolariu culesu shi întocmitu asfelu..., 1840 4. The Romanian epistolary style: a rhetorical analysis 4.1. The structure and the stylistic features of the epistolary text The fact that letters had been written in Slavonic or in other languages of diplomacy narrowed the range of epistolary exchanges inasmuch as letter-writing was confined to certain privileged social categories: rulers, high clergy, high officials or boyars. Even in the subsequent period of time, when a growing tendency of writing in the vernacular language was witnessed, letters would continue to be employed mainly by the learned people. However, as one can find in the surviving documents, the addressers of the epistles dating from around the 17 th century came also from the middle of simple, uneducated people, and most of the time the success of their written interaction was dependent on the intervention of the scribe. In addition to the practical function of their activity, which was that of enabling the written conveyance of messages, we ought to mention the contribution that the professional writers of that time (chancellors, priests, learned boyars etc.) made to the establishment and diffusion of a general form over the age. Throughout the 16 th and the 17 th centuries the conventions of writing are set by the royal chanceries and this is the main reason why the epistolary formulary crafted after the Slavonic template is relatively uniform and not fundamentally different from the pattern of other legal and administrative acts. Most
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Articolul are ca țel prezentarea caracteristicilor de ordin cultural și retoric ale scrisului epi... more Articolul are ca țel prezentarea caracteristicilor de ordin cultural și retoric ale scrisului epistolar, prin urmărirea momentelor esenţiale din evoluţia scrisorii în spaţiul european şi în cel românesc. În epoci succesive, delimitarea cadrelor retorice în care se dezvoltă scrisul epistolar este dirijată de repere distincte, de la canoanele discursive ale antichităţii și încercările de formulare a unor teorii epistolare în epoca postclasică la apariţia manualelor epistolare medievale şi a lucrărilor de retorică epistolară din epoca Renaşterii sau la înflorirea corespon-denței private în perioada Barocului și în Secolul Luminilor. Tendința naturală de adaptare a retoricii epistolare la resursele idiomatice ale limbilor vernaculare a favorizat apariția și dezvoltarea unui stil epistolar românesc, ale cărui coordonate culturale și retorice sînt schițate în lucrarea de față.
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The paper aims at revealing the cultural and rhetorical features of the Romanian letter-writing b... more The paper aims at revealing the cultural and rhetorical features of the Romanian letter-writing by outlining the key stages in the evolution of the letter in Europe and in the Romanian cultural space. In the subsequent ages, the profile of the rhetorical frame that enabled the development of letter-writing was governed by distinct guidelines, from the discursive canons of the Antiquity and the attempts to set out an epistolary theory in the postclassical age or the emergence of the medieval epistolary manuals and of the works of epistolary rhetoric from the Renaissance to the flourishing of private correspondence in the Baroque and the Enlightenment. The natural tendency to adapt the epistolary rhetoric to the idiomatic resources of the vernacular languages spoken in Europe favoured the outset and the advancement of a Romanian epistolary style whose cultural and rhetorical coordinates are sketched in the present article.
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Diacronia by Gabriela-Iuliana Morcov