Research Interests: Sex, Aging, Adolescent, Adipose tissue, Growth, and 6 moreHumans, Child, Female, Body Composition, Male, and Arm
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... Biol. 54, 247 (1970); in Progress In Molecular and Subcellular Biology, F. Hahn, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1971), vol. 2, p. 216. ... FRANCIS E. JOHNSTON* ROBERT M. MALINA MARTHA A. GALBRAITH Department of Anthropology,... more
... Biol. 54, 247 (1970); in Progress In Molecular and Subcellular Biology, F. Hahn, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1971), vol. 2, p. 216. ... FRANCIS E. JOHNSTON* ROBERT M. MALINA MARTHA A. GALBRAITH Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin 78712 ...
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Human Biology and its History Major Divisions of American Human Biology Chapter Summary References Cited Recommended Readings IntroductionHuman Biology and its HistoryMajor Divisions of... more
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Human Biology and its History Major Divisions of American Human Biology Chapter Summary References Cited Recommended Readings IntroductionHuman Biology and its HistoryMajor Divisions of American Human BiologyChapter SummaryReferences CitedRecommended Readings
Abstract: The article describes the Center for Community Partnerships at the University of Pennsylvania as an organizational innovation designed to mobilize the range of university resources to solve the strategic problem of creating... more
Abstract: The article describes the Center for Community Partnerships at the University of Pennsylvania as an organizational innovation designed to mobilize the range of university resources to solve the strategic problem of creating democratic, local cosmopolitan ...
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The critical weight (fat) hypothesis has generated interest as a mechanism for the onset and maintenance of normal reproductive cycles in human females. It postulates that menarche is triggered by the attainment of a critical percentage... more
The critical weight (fat) hypothesis has generated interest as a mechanism for the onset and maintenance of normal reproductive cycles in human females. It postulates that menarche is triggered by the attainment of a critical percentage fat and that the maintenance of menstrual cycles requires the persistence of a minimal level; each level is argued to be universal for a particular population or race and, by implication, for the species as a whole. However, an examination of the evidence reveals the hypothesis to have a number of serious methodological and empirical shortcomings which may be grouped under three headings. First, there are no acceptable measures of body fatness, and workers rely instead on estimates from height and weight which have been shown to be intolerably erroneous for individuals. Second, using either these estimates, or more reliable ones using appropriate methods, it may be shown that critical levels do not apply: numerous exceptions involving fat levels abov...
Research Interests: Nutrition, Dancing, Menstruation, Running, Adolescent, and 16 moreAnorexia Nervosa, Adipose tissue, Pregnancy, Humans, Sheep, Puberty, Female, Animals, Body Composition, Hormones, Menarche, Body water, Rats, Fat, Body Weight, and Amenorrhea
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Research Interests: Thalassemia, Growth, Humans, Child, Female, and 5 moreMale, Body Weight, Body Height, Hemoglobins, and Child preschool
Mycosis fungoides is a rare malignant T-cell lymphoma, involving mainly the skin. It can, in 50%-75% of cases, involve visceral organs and, in 11%-14% of cases, metastasize to the central nervous system. The prognosis is poor. A case with... more
Mycosis fungoides is a rare malignant T-cell lymphoma, involving mainly the skin. It can, in 50%-75% of cases, involve visceral organs and, in 11%-14% of cases, metastasize to the central nervous system. The prognosis is poor. A case with cerebral involvement is presented and the relevant literature reviewed.
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... Biol. 54, 247 (1970); in Progress In Molecular and Subcellular Biology, F. Hahn, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1971), vol. 2, p. 216. ... FRANCIS E. JOHNSTON* ROBERT M. MALINA MARTHA A. GALBRAITH Department of Anthropology,... more
... Biol. 54, 247 (1970); in Progress In Molecular and Subcellular Biology, F. Hahn, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1971), vol. 2, p. 216. ... FRANCIS E. JOHNSTON* ROBERT M. MALINA MARTHA A. GALBRAITH Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin 78712 ...
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Palm prints of 166 Peruvian Cashinahua Indians from 3 villages were analysed for main line terminations and palmar patterns. Bilateral differences but no sex differences were observed with regard to main line terminations. Patterns in... more
Palm prints of 166 Peruvian Cashinahua Indians from 3 villages were analysed for main line terminations and palmar patterns. Bilateral differences but no sex differences were observed with regard to main line terminations. Patterns in thenar/first and interdigitallV areas show bilateral variation, but none shows sex differences. The Cashinahua differ from other Amerindian groups in palmar patterns, but are similar to the Pewenche Indians of Chili with regard to the main line index. Considerable intervillage variation exists which may be explained in terms of micro-evolutionary processes acting on a small, isolated population.Copyright © 1970 S. Karger AG, Basel
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SHOULD SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE DIETS of pregnant and nursing women in less developed countries (LDCs) be cur-tailed? "The theorized role of nutrition in increasing fertility has led to proposals to reduce food... more
SHOULD SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE DIETS of pregnant and nursing women in less developed countries (LDCs) be cur-tailed? "The theorized role of nutrition in increasing fertility has led to proposals to reduce food assistance abroad on the grounds that it will worsen the ...
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Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Adolescent, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, and 13 moreAdipose tissue, Humans, Child, United States, Female, Male, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, European Continental Ancestry Group, Body Weight, Body Fat, Densitometry, and Skinfold Thickness
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Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Anthropometry, Peru, and 20 moreAdolescent, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Humans, Child, South American Indians, Female, Body Composition, Male, Arm, Infant, Middle Aged, Adult, Leg, Hand, Age Factors, Body Weight, Body Height, Wrist, Skinfold Thickness, and Child preschool
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... MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 425 Phil-adelphia colored elementary school chil-dren, with an age range of 6-12 years. ... Rohmann and Davis, '63) as well as the environmental milieu (Francis, '39;... more
... MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 425 Phil-adelphia colored elementary school chil-dren, with an age range of 6-12 years. ... Rohmann and Davis, '63) as well as the environmental milieu (Francis, '39; Dreizen et al., '58), have been shown to exert a ...
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In a clinical trial based on the direct relationship between heart rate activity and energy expenditure during awake and asleep states, 21 healthy 18-month-old infants had their heart rate monitored over a period of 24 h and correlated... more
In a clinical trial based on the direct relationship between heart rate activity and energy expenditure during awake and asleep states, 21 healthy 18-month-old infants had their heart rate monitored over a period of 24 h and correlated with their nutritional intake, growth parameters, and measurements of adiposity (fat cell size and skinfold thickness). Infants with higher 24-h and asleep heart rates had smaller fat cells (r = -0.50) and skinfold thickness (abdominal r = -0.70, suprailiac r = -0.80, triceps r = -0.67). Infants with higher relative weight had higher heart rates during awake periods (r = 0.60). Infants sleeping for longer periods had higher weight gain velocity from birth (r = 0.51) and higher relative weight (r = 0.54). This study demonstrates the heart rate activity and duration of sleep are related to growth and adipose tissue deposition during infancy.
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... Biological anthropologists, particularly those interested in biocultural problems, have adopted a number of methodological approaches that allow them to ... 478 HUSS-ASHMORE & JOHNSTON for most world regions containing... more
... Biological anthropologists, particularly those interested in biocultural problems, have adopted a number of methodological approaches that allow them to ... 478 HUSS-ASHMORE & JOHNSTON for most world regions containing developing countries, but the interpretation of these ...
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Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses are rare lesions with a poor prognosis unless diagnosed and treated promptly. We report a case of a Nigerian man with tuberculous meningitis that was complicated by an intraspinal cord abscess and was... more
Intramedullary spinal cord abscesses are rare lesions with a poor prognosis unless diagnosed and treated promptly. We report a case of a Nigerian man with tuberculous meningitis that was complicated by an intraspinal cord abscess and was treated surgically. The literature regarding this uncommon clinical entity is reviewed.
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Twenty-four hour electrocardiographic recordings were made on 104 randomly selected, healthy 7 to 11-year-old children. Ninety-two were technically adequate and suitable for analysis. The mean highest heart rate measured by direct... more
Twenty-four hour electrocardiographic recordings were made on 104 randomly selected, healthy 7 to 11-year-old children. Ninety-two were technically adequate and suitable for analysis. The mean highest heart rate measured by direct electrocardiographic analysis over nine beats was 164 +/- 17. The mean lowest heart rates were 49 +/- 6 over three beats', and 56 +/- 6 over nine beats' duration.
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ABSTRACT
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Fat patterning was studied in a sample of 76 obese women before and after weight reduction by principal components analysis. Circumferences were selected as variables rather than skinfolds because circumferences correlated more highly... more
Fat patterning was studied in a sample of 76 obese women before and after weight reduction by principal components analysis. Circumferences were selected as variables rather than skinfolds because circumferences correlated more highly with body composition determined either by total body water or total body potassium. A separate sample of 136 males and females, measured once, was employed to validate the results. The validation sample yielded similar findings. Two significant components were found, the first contrasting upper and lower fatness and the second trunk and extremity fatness. Waist circumference was the best predictor of upper-body fat patterning. For the lower body, thigh circumference loaded more highly than did the iliac crest circumference. Arm circumference did not contribute significantly to upper-lower fat patterning.
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The critical weight hypothesis in relation to menarche, which is known as the Frisch-Revelle model, has been examined. Since, in eight samples, girls reached menarche at weights spanning a 71.4-kg (157-lb) range, Frisch and Revelle's... more
The critical weight hypothesis in relation to menarche, which is known as the Frisch-Revelle model, has been examined. Since, in eight samples, girls reached menarche at weights spanning a 71.4-kg (157-lb) range, Frisch and Revelle's concept of a critical weight of 47 to 48 kg (104 to 106 lb) cannot be applied meaningfully to individuals. Neither can the suggestion of an invariant mean weight be accepted, because significant differences occur among the mean menarcheal weights for several samples of normal white girls. Finally, when stature is held constant, there is some evidence that girls who reach menarche at younger ages are heavier than those who begin menstruating at older ages. Apparent reductions in variability when the estimated amount of total body water is used instead of body weight may result from statistical artifacts associated with regression analysis.
Research Interests: Biometry, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Sheep, and 7 moreFemale, Animals, Menarche, Newborn Infant, Body water, Body Weight, and Body Height
Research Interests: Obesity, Adolescent, Exercise therapy, Humans, Child, and 5 moreFemale, Body Composition, Male, Dietary fiber, and Body Weight
This study examined changes in body fat distribution in 68 women who lost an average of 12.3 kg from an initial weight of 103.6 kg. Weight reduction was accompanied by a small but statistically significant reduction of 1.2% in the... more
This study examined changes in body fat distribution in 68 women who lost an average of 12.3 kg from an initial weight of 103.6 kg. Weight reduction was accompanied by a small but statistically significant reduction of 1.2% in the waist-to-hip ratio, suggestive of a reduction in upper-body obesity. Subjects with greater upper-body obesity tended to achieve greater reductions in
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Publications on prose this year were strongly marked by the emergence of approaches based on the history of the book. The significance of the attention paid to libraries, the technology of printing, and the activities of publishers by a... more
Publications on prose this year were strongly marked by the emergence of approaches based on the history of the book. The significance of the attention paid to libraries, the technology of printing, and the activities of publishers by a number of writers is that it enables a ...
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Viral myelitis and bacterial epidural infections are common in intravenous drug abusers, but primary infections of the spinal cord are extremely rare. We report a 50-year-old active intravenous drug user who developed tetraplegia from an... more
Viral myelitis and bacterial epidural infections are common in intravenous drug abusers, but primary infections of the spinal cord are extremely rare. We report a 50-year-old active intravenous drug user who developed tetraplegia from an intramedullary abscess caused by Pseudomonas cepacia. Despite neurosurgical drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy, no improvement was seen. Earlier intervention and a high index of suspicion is required in patients with a history of intravenous drug abuse and spinal cord symptoms.
Research Interests: Neurosurgery, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Case Report, Humans, and 15 moreSpinal Cord, Male, Follow-up studies, Differential Diagnosis, Electromyography, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Drainage, Combination drug therapy, Thoracic Vertebrae, Abscess, Laminectomy, Neurosciences, and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
... I t is of paramount importance that the vascular neurosurgeon is thoroughly conversant with the normal anatomy of the basal arteries of the brain and their cortical distributions as well as with that of the perforating systems. ...... more
... I t is of paramount importance that the vascular neurosurgeon is thoroughly conversant with the normal anatomy of the basal arteries of the brain and their cortical distributions as well as with that of the perforating systems. ... Gokmen Kahilogullari, Hasan Caglar Ugur. ...
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Subependymomas are benign lesions of the central nervous system. Their occurrence in the spinal cord is rare. It is important to recognize these lesions because their total surgical excision is feasible and leads to long term symptom... more
Subependymomas are benign lesions of the central nervous system. Their occurrence in the spinal cord is rare. It is important to recognize these lesions because their total surgical excision is feasible and leads to long term symptom remission-a case of a spinal subependymomas localized in the cervical region is discussed and a review of the relevant literature is presented.
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... J Urol 1980;124:617-9. 4 Leopold GR, Woo VL, Scheible FW, Nachtsheim D, Gosink BB. ... Department of Urology and Radiology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS1O 5NB KM DESAI, MB, FRCS, research registrar J C GINGELL, MB, FRCS, consultant... more
... J Urol 1980;124:617-9. 4 Leopold GR, Woo VL, Scheible FW, Nachtsheim D, Gosink BB. ... Department of Urology and Radiology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS1O 5NB KM DESAI, MB, FRCS, research registrar J C GINGELL, MB, FRCS, consultant JM HAWORTH, MB, FRCR ...