Papers by Etienne Grandjean
Revue medicale de la Suisse romande
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Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
Biliary excretion of iotroxamat (ITX) and ioglycamide (IGL) in cholecystectomized dogs fitted wit... more Biliary excretion of iotroxamat (ITX) and ioglycamide (IGL) in cholecystectomized dogs fitted with a Thomas duodenal cannula is compatible with saturation kinetics exhibiting maximal excretory velocities of 2.23 +/- SD 0.18 and 1.22 +/- 0.19 mumol/min/kg, respectively. While biliary excretion of ITX obeyed classical Michaelis Menten kinetics, the data obtained with IGL suggested a more complex process. The choleretic effects of both contrast agents (23.6 +/- SD 2.29 and 25.8 +/- 2.21 microliter of excreted substance) were comparable. On the basis of these results and in view of the similar toxicity of the two contrast agents in animals, it may be expected that ITX will have advantages over IGL for intravenous cholangiography.
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Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
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Revue medicale de la Suisse romande
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Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
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Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
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Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
18 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia of type IIa and type IIb, on regularly controlled d... more 18 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia of type IIa and type IIb, on regularly controlled dietary treatment for 6 months and a 4 weeks placebo period, were given 300 mg procetofene per day for 12 weeks. The subjective tolerance of the drug was good. The serum triglyceride levels were lowered by about 35%, total cholesterol by 15%, LDL-cholesterol by 12% and Apo B by 20%. The HDL-cholesterol values remained unchanged. A slight increase in SGPT values indicates that liver function should be regularly checked in patients undergoing procetofene therapy.
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Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
Over a 3-month period four patients (3 males and 1 female) aged 17 to 23 were admitted to an emer... more Over a 3-month period four patients (3 males and 1 female) aged 17 to 23 were admitted to an emergency unit with an acute anticholinergic syndrome. All of them had ingested aniasthmatic cigarettes containing Datura stramonium leaves for psychedelic purposes. The clinical features were characterized by striking peripheral signs of anticholinergic inhibition associated with central nervous system manifestations such with central state, hallucinations and abnormal behaviour. One patient had to be treated with physostigmine salicylate. The other three received supportive care only. The central and peripheral symptomatology subsided gradually over 12-48 hours. All four patients had more or less extensive amnesia regarding the acute toxic phase. Based on these observations, the possible causes, differential diagnosis and treatment of acute atropinic intoxication are reviewed. The discussion also considers the problem of abuse of "over-the-counter" atropine containing preparations.
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Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis
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International journal of tissue reactions
The possible relationship between in-vitro inhibition of lipoxygenase (LO)/cyclooxygenase (CO) an... more The possible relationship between in-vitro inhibition of lipoxygenase (LO)/cyclooxygenase (CO) and in-vivo antiinflammatory effects of compounds such as isoflavanes (Zy 16369, Zy 16372, Zy 16681) was investigated. The latter were all shown to be potent 5-LO inhibitors when tested in vitro on human peritoneal macrophages (IC50 = 1-7 mumol/l). Zy 16372 and Zy 16681 also inhibited the 12- and 15-LO and, to a minor extent, the CO. In order to evaluate the antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects of these compounds in vivo they were applied topically to mice. No definite correlation could be made between the inhibition of the ear oedema induced by arachidonic acid (AA), the inhibition of the epidermal ornithine-decarboxylase (ODC) activity induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and the in-vitro activities of the compounds. Zy 16372 appeared to inhibit the oedema dose-dependently (ED50 = 5 mumol/ear) and seemed to be the most potent among the 3 compounds tested and slightly more potent than the reference compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid. As inhibitors of TPA-induced ODC, all 3 compounds exhibited comparable activity. These results suggest that the in-vivo effects of the compounds might be mediated by components other than AA metabolites, and/or be related to their specific kinetic patterns.
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Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift
The effect of lipid-lowering treatment with procetofen (3 x 100 mg/day for 4-6 weeks) on the chol... more The effect of lipid-lowering treatment with procetofen (3 x 100 mg/day for 4-6 weeks) on the cholesterol saturation index (S.I.) of bile has been studied in 6 patients with type IIa or IIb pattern hyperlipoproteinemia. Compared with a control period with placebo, the S.I. was increased by more than 20% during active treatment in 2 patients. Oversaturation was reached in one case. In the other 4 patients, the changes did not exceed 20% of the control value. Thus, increased lithogenicity of bile does not appear to be a frequent effect of procetofen. A larger number of patients should therefore be studied to establish its true incidence.
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CNS Drugs
Although there has been a decrease in lithium use over several years, it is still recommended as ... more Although there has been a decrease in lithium use over several years, it is still recommended as a first-line mood stabilizer in all recent guidelines. It has been argued that many studies of lithium were conducted at a time when study design, assessment standards and the diagnostic criteria for patient selection were not as established as they presently are. However, recent placebo-controlled data from three-arm trials have demonstrated a definite efficacy of lithium in bipolar disorder. Regarding mania, recent trials of novel antimanic treatments (such as second-generation antipsychotics) that have included both placebo and lithium control groups have confirmed that lithium is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes. The efficacy of lithium as monotherapy for acute bipolar depression is still controversial, but this therapy is recognized as a therapeutic option. For maintenance therapy, lithium is superior to placebo for the prevention of relapse or recurrence of mood episodes in bipolar I disorder patients with recent manic or hypomanic episodes. Lithium is more effective in preventing episodes of the manic/hypomanic type, including mixed episodes, than preventing depressive episodes. In rapid cycling patients, lithium improves clinical symptoms as efficiently as in nonrapid cycling persons, but is not likely to prevent recurrences. Finally, data from a number of studies suggest that lithium reduces the high suicide rates associated with mood disorders. A well designed cohort study and two independent meta-analyses are in agreement with this finding. In conclusion, most experts, and the most recent guidelines, continue to consider lithium as a keystone therapy of bipolar disorders.
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Proving lower bounds remains the most difficult of tasks in computational complexity theory. In t... more Proving lower bounds remains the most difficult of tasks in computational complexity theory. In this paper, we show that whereas most natural NP-complete problems belong to NLIN (linear time on nondeterministic RAMs), some of them, typically the planar versions of many NP-complete problems are recognized by nondeterministic RAMs in linear time and sublinear space. The main results of this paper are the following: as the second author did for NLIN, we give exact logical characterizations of nondeterministic polynomial time-space complexity classes; we derive from them a class of problems, which are complete in these classes, and as a consequence of such a precise result and of some recent separation theorems using diagonalization, prove time-space lower bounds for these problems.
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This paper deals with descriptive complexity of picture languages of any dimension by syntactical... more This paper deals with descriptive complexity of picture languages of any dimension by syntactical fragments of existential second-order logic. - We uniformly generalize to any dimension the characterization by Giammarresi et al. \cite{GRST96} of the class of \emph{recognizable} picture languages in existential monadic second-order logic. - We state several logical characterizations of the class of picture languages recognized in linear time on nondeterministic cellular automata of any dimension. They are the first machine-independent characterizations of complexity classes of cellular automata. Our characterizations are essentially deduced from normalization results we prove for first-order and existential second-order logics over pictures. They are obtained in a general and uniform framework that allows to extend them to other "regular" structures. Finally, we describe some hierarchy results that show the optimality of our logical characterizations and delineate their lim...
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002
This paper aims at being a step in the precise classification of the many NP-complete problems wh... more This paper aims at being a step in the precise classification of the many NP-complete problems which belong to NLIN (nondeterministic linear time complexity on random-access machines), but are seemingly not NLIN-complete. We define the complexity class LINLOCAL - the class of problems linearly reducible to problems defined by Boolean local constraints - as well as its planar restriction LINPLAN-LOCAL. We show that both ”local” classes are rather computationally robust and that SAT and PLAN-SAT are complete in classes LIN-LOCAL and LIN-PLAN-LOCAL, respectively. We prove that some unexpected problems that involve some seemingly global constraints are complete for those classes. E.g., VERTEX-COVER and many similar problems involving cardinality constraints are LIN-LOCAL-complete. Our most striking result is that PLAN-HAMILTON - the planar version of the Hamiltonian problem - is LIN-PLAN-LOCAL and even is LIN-PLAN-LOCAL-complete. Further, since our linear-time reductions also turn out to be parsimonious, they yield new DP-completeness results for UNIQUE-PLAN-HAMILTON and UNIQUE-PLAN-VERTEX-COVER.
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004
We exhibit an NP-complete problem defined by an existential monadic second-order (EMSO) formula o... more We exhibit an NP-complete problem defined by an existential monadic second-order (EMSO) formula over functional structures that is: 1 minimal under several syntactic criteria (i.e., any EMSO formula that further strengthens any criterion defines a PTIME problem even if all other criteria are weakened); 2 unique for such restrictions, up to renamings and symmetries. Our reductions and proofs are surprisingly very elementary and simple in comparison with some recent similar results classifying existential second-order formulas over relational structures according to their ability either to express NP-complete problems or to express only PTIME ones.
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007
We study the enumeration complexity of the natural extension of acyclic conjunctive queries with ... more We study the enumeration complexity of the natural extension of acyclic conjunctive queries with disequalities. In this language, a number of NP-complete problems can be expressed. We first improve a previous result of Papadimitriou and Yannakakis by proving that such ...
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
A Roadmap on Complexity for Hybrid Logics. Bibtex entry. @Proceedings{csl99, title = &quo... more A Roadmap on Complexity for Hybrid Logics. Bibtex entry. @Proceedings{csl99, title = "Computer Science Logic", booktitle = "Computer Science Logic", year = 1999, editor = "J. Flum and M. Rodr\'iguez--Artalejo", number = 1683, series = "LNCS", publisher = "Springer", note = "Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the EACSL, Madrid, September 1999" } @InProceedings{arec:road99, author = "C. Areces and P. Blackburn and M. Marx", title = "A roadmap of the complexity of hybrid logics", crossref = {csl99}, pages = {307--321} } ...
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Papers by Etienne Grandjean