Papers by American Journal of Ethnomedicine (Ajethno)
This study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge on the utilization pattern of medi... more This study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge on the utilization pattern of medicinal plants from the Shivalik hills of north western Himalaya. The local stakeholders were interviewed and data on the species such as the botanical name, family, local name, habit, part used and their traditional methods of drugs administration in different ailments was presented. The informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV) was calculated to know the relative importance of each species. The paper enumerated143 species belonging to 123 genera and 59 families. Ailments were categorized into 17 categories. Most of the species were used for treating dermatological disorders followed by gastrointestinal, skeleto-muscular, respiratory and common fever etc. 58 % species were reported from wild sources, 16 % were from cultivated home gardens and 26 % were collected from both cultivated and wild sources. The use value of plant species were ranged from 0.15 to 1.70. The informant consensus factors for different ailment category ranged from 0.67 to 0.83. The study concluded that the systematic documentation and conservation of local medicinal plants and traditional herbal knowledge will be helpful for botanical and pharmacological research in future.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge on the utilization pattern of medi... more This study was conducted to document the traditional knowledge on the utilization pattern of medicinal plants from the Shivalik hills of north western Himalaya. The local stakeholders were interviewed and data on the species such
as the botanical name, family, local name, habit, part used and their traditional methods of drugs administration in different ailments was presented. The informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV) was calculated to know the relative importance of each species. The paper enumerated143 species belonging
to 123 genera and 59 families. Ailments were categorized into 17 categories. Most of the species were used for treating dermatological disorders followed by gastrointestinal, skeleto-muscular, respiratory and common fever etc. 58 % species were reported from wild sources, 16 % were from cultivated home
gardens and 26 % were collected from both cultivated and wild sources. The use value of plant species were ranged from 0.15 to 1.70. The informant consensus factors for different ailment category ranged from 0.67 to 0.83. The study concluded that the systematic documentation and conservation of local medicinal plants and traditional herbal knowledge will be helpful for botanical and pharmacological research in future.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The purpose of this review is to gathered information regarding plants of
‘Alpinia’ g... more The purpose of this review is to gathered information regarding plants of
‘Alpinia’ genera belonging to family ‘Zingiberaceae’. ‘Zingiberaceae’ is a family
of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping
horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising about 52 genera and more than 1300
species. In this review information about selected species was to be collected. For
collect ing information about that plants various sources were to be used. This
sources provided information of plants including their synonym, distribution,
description, medicinal uses, chemical constituents etc. From these studies we are
concluding that their exists species of plants of ‘Alpinia’ genera, belonging to
family, ‘Zingiberaceae’ with lots of chemical constituents and possesses
beneficial medicinal properties. Due to this various parts like seeds, flowers,
fruits, stems and roots of these plants are used in treatment of various diseases.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In this paper, three decoctions of different Danshen medication forms (crude SM
pieces, SM fo... more In this paper, three decoctions of different Danshen medication forms (crude SM
pieces, SM formula granule, liquored SM pieces) were compared to explore their
comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In three mice models, the hot
plate test and the writhing test were used to analyze their analgesic effect, and the
ear edema test was carried out to assess their anti-inflammatory effect. Compared
with the corresponding model control group, the results suggested that the three
different SM decoctions all had definite effect in prolonging t he latency to licking
a hind paw or jumping, reducing the writhing rate within 30 min and narrowing
the deviation between the weight of ears. Furthermore, liquored SM pieces and
SM formula granule had better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect than crude
SM pieces and no obvious differences appeared between liquored SM pieces and
SM formula granule.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf and bark extract of Persea
america... more The antibacterial activities of the methanolic leaf and bark extract of Persea
americana was tested in vitro on bacterial isolates namely: Streptococcus
pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis (NCIB 3610), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIB
8588), Escherichia coli (NCIB 86), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIB 418) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIB 950), using the agar well diffusion method. The
leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of the test organisms at a concentration
of 50.0mg/ml except Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and
Escherichia coli (NCIB 86), while the bark extract at the same concentration
inhibited the test organisms except Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus
subtilis (NCIB 3610) and Escherichia coli (NCIB 86). The highest zone of
inhibition of 6.0 mm and 12.0 mm was observed on Staphylococcus aureus
(NCIB 8588) for the leaf and bark extract respectively, while the least zone of
inhibition was observed on Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.0 mm) for leaf extract and
Proteus mirabilis (3.0 mm) for bark extract. The Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) of the leaf extract ranged from 10.0 to 30.0 mg/ml and 5.0
to 30.0 mg/ml for the bark extract. The antibacterial activity of the methanolic
plant extract inhibited the growth of the test isolates as much as that of the
commercial antibiotics. There was a decrease in the bacterial count as the
exposure time to the extract increased in the rate of killing of the plant extracts on
the isolates. Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids
were observed to be common to both extracts. The bark extract exhibited a higher
antibacterial activity as compared to the leaf extract.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Oral lichen planus is a cell-mediated immune condition. It is one of the most
commo... more Oral lichen planus is a cell-mediated immune condition. It is one of the most
common dermatological disease present in the oral cavity. It is mostly found in
middle aged and elderly Indian population with a prevalence rate of 2.6%. The
purpose of this article is to highlight a case of oral lichen planus affecting a 22-year-old male without concomitant cutaneous lesions who had been treated earlier
with topical steroid but repeated recurrence of the lesion made us to shift the
treatment from steroid to herbal curcumin which yielded positive results.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Objective of the study
Medicinal plant research has become very important considering the... more Objective of the study
Medicinal plant research has become very important considering the herbal
resources our rain forest is bestowed with which if harnessed could solve the
challenges in malaria treatment in the area of accessibility and treatment cost. The
present study on antimalarial activity of locally cultivated Artemisia annua in
Langtang South area of Plateau State against Plasmodium berghei and the
phytochemical screening of the leaf extract is to evaluate the efficacy,
phytochemical content and possible indigenization of the herbal based medicine
which for now is not native to Nigeria.
Methodology
In vivo anti-malarial sensitivity of plant extract was assessed using the 4-day test
for anti-malarial activity against a chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei
NK65 strain in Swiss albino mice, Phytochemical analysis and the lethal dose
(LD50) in mice screening were also determined.
Results
There was a dose -dependent inhibition of parasitaemia in the In vivo
antiplasmodial tests, with maximum effect at 300 mg/kg. LD50 in mice was
estimated to be 2750 mg/kg and the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence
of terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and carbohydrate.
Conclusion
The leaf extract of A. annua contains biologically active principles that possess
anti-malarial activities, therefore further studies of its active components will be
carried out.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The antibacterial properties of chloroform, methanol, ethanol and water extracts
of marine algae... more The antibacterial properties of chloroform, methanol, ethanol and water extracts
of marine algae Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen, Chlorophyta) from Mandapam
region of Gulf of Mannar Southeast coast of India were tested against Grampositive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus
pyogenes Gram-negative strains Escharichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium,
Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The preliminary phytochemical
analysis of extract from Enteromorpha flexuosa showed the presence of
biologically active compounds namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids
cardiac glycosides and tannins. Results demonstrated that methanolic extract of
Enteromorpha flexuosa exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed that the extract of Enteromorpha
flexuosa recorded maximum activity against Streptococcus pyogenes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Objectives: A study was conducted with an objective to estimate the fluoride
concentrat... more Objectives: A study was conducted with an objective to estimate the fluoride
concentration in soil and crops grown over it which was not done before in
Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methodology and Analysis: From in and around Mathura city, 12 different
samples of soil from 12 different fields of 4 different villages were collected
along with 12 samples of crops namely rice, wheat and potato grown over it for
fluoride estimation. The fluoride concentration in ppm was estimated by using Ion
selective electrode method. The data thus collected was put for statistical analysis
using Paired t-test and ANOVA-test to find the correlation between fluoride
concentration in soil and crops grown over it.
Results: It was found that the mean fluoride concentration of soil was 1.41ppm
and in rice, wheat and potato were 0.342ppm, 0.305ppm and 1.025ppm
respectively. It was also found that irrespective of fluoride concentration in soil,
the fluoride concentration in potato was found to be more as compared to rice and
wheat which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: The concentration of fluoride in crops consumed in the locality as
seen in this study should be considered as an important source of fluoride in
addition to other sources such as water, milk, tea etc.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Background and Purpose
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of ... more Background and Purpose
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the
joints and other body organs, which 1 % of the human population is affected. RA
induced in the fourth and fifth decades of life and in women is more common.
Kelussiao doratissima contains compounds such as flavonoids, mainly aggregated
in the inflorescence and stems of Kelussia, has anti-inflammatory effects. Present
study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Kelussia odoratissima
on rheumatoid arthritis induced in Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods
A total of 30 female Wistar rats using subcutaneous injection of complete
Freund's adjuvant has been induced and were randomly divided into five groups
containing negative control (no treatment), positive control (receiving
indomethacin (3mg/ Kg) and three rheumatoid arthritis group receiving three
different doses (100,200and 300mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic Kelussia odoratissima
extract. material injection were tested in the animals for 10 days.
The symptomsof Rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated according to standardized
scoring method at paw and double-blind for the different categories daily. CRP
levels were measured and Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program
(version 17 for Windows). In all the cases for comparison between different
groups, Mann-Whitney U-test was used.
Results
The symptoms indicating disease severity was observed in the treated group
compared to the negative control so that decreasing trend in disease severity in the
group receiving300 mg / kg of Kelussia extract was significant However these
verity of the disease was increasingly in the negative control. Serum CRP levels
in groups () were significantly decreased.
Conclusions
Kelussia odortissima has a anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the
inflammation and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Thusit can be used as a drug
for reducing and controlling inflammation in Rheumatoid arthritis.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
In Egypt, liver diseases represent a national endemic crises, annually increasing to
affect you... more In Egypt, liver diseases represent a national endemic crises, annually increasing to
affect younger people. About 25% of population are sharing at least one of the
liver problems; cirrhosis, hepatitis C virus HCV and/or hepatocellular carcinoma
HCC with 100,000 death rate annually. Screening of 50 Egyptian spices,
vegetables and wild plants for cytotoxicity against HepG2, successfully
uncovered the presence of 13 potent cytotoxic plant extracts with IC50 ranging
from 2.5 - 20 µg/ml and 20 extracts with moderate activities with IC50 20-50
µg/ml. The rest of extracts showed week cytotoxic activities (IC50 > 50µg/ml,
compared with Doxorubicin (IC50 21.4 µg/ml).
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Background: In recent decades, diets have changed rapidly in the Kingdom of
Saudi Ara... more Background: In recent decades, diets have changed rapidly in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia (KSA) because the Western diet is replacing the traditional Arabic
diet. This has resulted in an alarming increase in the number of overweight and
obese children and adolescents in KSA. It is well documented that lifestyle and
faulty eating habits are strongly associated with the development of obesity.
Aim of the study: This research studied the prevalence of overweight and obesity
among selected adolescents and early adults and the relationship of BMI to
physical activity, snacking and meal skipping pattern.
Materials and methods: In 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted among
1000 female adolescents and early adults (19-24 years old) who were selected by
random sampling from four randomly sampled colleges from the University of
Hail KSA. The BMI was assessed using height and weight measurements. Dietary
habits were evaluated by a pre validated questionnaire which included food
frequency, snacking and meal skipping pattern questions.
Results: The results of the study revealed that a majority of the subjects belonged
to the normal weight category (50 %), followed by overweight (28 %),
underweight (12 %) and obese (10 %) category. Incidence of overweight or
obesity was not related to physical activity, number of snacks and meal skipping
habits of the subjects. A significantly higher percentage of underweight or normal
weight subjects involved in snacking when compared to obese subjects.
Practical implications: In summary, increased weight status of Saudi adolescents
and early adults was not significantly related to physical activity, frequency of
snacking and meal skipping patterns. This indicates the importance of rapid
promotion of including judicious food choices in the main diets and snacks of
Saudi Arabian adolescents.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Antibiotics provide the main basis for the therapy of microbial (bacterial and
fungal)... more Antibiotics provide the main basis for the therapy of microbial (bacterial and
fungal) infections. Since the discovery of these antibiotics and their uses as
chemotherapeutic agents there was a belief in the medical fraternity that this
would lead to the eventual eradication of infectious diseases. There is a
continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with
diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has
been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious
diseases. Another big concern is the development of resistance to the antibiotics
in current clinical use. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic
bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present
scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic
organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from
other sources including plants. Higher plants produce hundreds to thousands of
diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities. The
antimicrobial compounds produced by plants are active against plant and human
pathogenic microorganisms. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites
other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microbial
pathogens.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Ocimum sanctum is an annual herb belonging to the mint family with 150
varieties wo... more Ocimum sanctum is an annual herb belonging to the mint family with 150
varieties worldwide. Ocimum sanctum emits a spicy scent when bruised. It is
believed to purify expectorants, and called the “wonder herb”. Tulsi is pungent
and bitter in taste, pungent in the post digestive effect and has hot potency. The
roots, leaves and seeds of Tulsi possess several medicinal properties. Ayurvedic
texts categorise Tulsi as stimulant, aromatic and antipyretic. It has a variety of
biological / pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,
anti protozoal, anti malarial, anthelmentic, anti diarrhoeal, analgesic, antipyretic,
anti inflammatory, anti allergic, antihypertensive, cardio protective, central
nervous system (CNS) depressant, memory enhancer, antihypercholesterolaemic, hepatoprotective, anti diabetic, anti asthmatic, anti thyroidic,
antioxidant, anticancer, chemopreventive, radio protective, immunomodulatory,
anti fertility, antiulcer, anti arthritic, adaptogenic / anti stress, anti cataract, anti
leucodermal and anticoagulant activities. Its leaves are helpful in sharpening
memory and in curing fever and common cold. Ocimum contains fixed oil which
is confirmed by chemical tests for glycerine. The plant increased the physical
endurance and prevented stress-induced ulcers.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by American Journal of Ethnomedicine (Ajethno)
as the botanical name, family, local name, habit, part used and their traditional methods of drugs administration in different ailments was presented. The informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV) was calculated to know the relative importance of each species. The paper enumerated143 species belonging
to 123 genera and 59 families. Ailments were categorized into 17 categories. Most of the species were used for treating dermatological disorders followed by gastrointestinal, skeleto-muscular, respiratory and common fever etc. 58 % species were reported from wild sources, 16 % were from cultivated home
gardens and 26 % were collected from both cultivated and wild sources. The use value of plant species were ranged from 0.15 to 1.70. The informant consensus factors for different ailment category ranged from 0.67 to 0.83. The study concluded that the systematic documentation and conservation of local medicinal plants and traditional herbal knowledge will be helpful for botanical and pharmacological research in future.
‘Alpinia’ genera belonging to family ‘Zingiberaceae’. ‘Zingiberaceae’ is a family
of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping
horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising about 52 genera and more than 1300
species. In this review information about selected species was to be collected. For
collect ing information about that plants various sources were to be used. This
sources provided information of plants including their synonym, distribution,
description, medicinal uses, chemical constituents etc. From these studies we are
concluding that their exists species of plants of ‘Alpinia’ genera, belonging to
family, ‘Zingiberaceae’ with lots of chemical constituents and possesses
beneficial medicinal properties. Due to this various parts like seeds, flowers,
fruits, stems and roots of these plants are used in treatment of various diseases.
pieces, SM formula granule, liquored SM pieces) were compared to explore their
comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In three mice models, the hot
plate test and the writhing test were used to analyze their analgesic effect, and the
ear edema test was carried out to assess their anti-inflammatory effect. Compared
with the corresponding model control group, the results suggested that the three
different SM decoctions all had definite effect in prolonging t he latency to licking
a hind paw or jumping, reducing the writhing rate within 30 min and narrowing
the deviation between the weight of ears. Furthermore, liquored SM pieces and
SM formula granule had better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect than crude
SM pieces and no obvious differences appeared between liquored SM pieces and
SM formula granule.
americana was tested in vitro on bacterial isolates namely: Streptococcus
pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis (NCIB 3610), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIB
8588), Escherichia coli (NCIB 86), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIB 418) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIB 950), using the agar well diffusion method. The
leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of the test organisms at a concentration
of 50.0mg/ml except Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and
Escherichia coli (NCIB 86), while the bark extract at the same concentration
inhibited the test organisms except Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus
subtilis (NCIB 3610) and Escherichia coli (NCIB 86). The highest zone of
inhibition of 6.0 mm and 12.0 mm was observed on Staphylococcus aureus
(NCIB 8588) for the leaf and bark extract respectively, while the least zone of
inhibition was observed on Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.0 mm) for leaf extract and
Proteus mirabilis (3.0 mm) for bark extract. The Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) of the leaf extract ranged from 10.0 to 30.0 mg/ml and 5.0
to 30.0 mg/ml for the bark extract. The antibacterial activity of the methanolic
plant extract inhibited the growth of the test isolates as much as that of the
commercial antibiotics. There was a decrease in the bacterial count as the
exposure time to the extract increased in the rate of killing of the plant extracts on
the isolates. Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids
were observed to be common to both extracts. The bark extract exhibited a higher
antibacterial activity as compared to the leaf extract.
common dermatological disease present in the oral cavity. It is mostly found in
middle aged and elderly Indian population with a prevalence rate of 2.6%. The
purpose of this article is to highlight a case of oral lichen planus affecting a 22-year-old male without concomitant cutaneous lesions who had been treated earlier
with topical steroid but repeated recurrence of the lesion made us to shift the
treatment from steroid to herbal curcumin which yielded positive results.
Medicinal plant research has become very important considering the herbal
resources our rain forest is bestowed with which if harnessed could solve the
challenges in malaria treatment in the area of accessibility and treatment cost. The
present study on antimalarial activity of locally cultivated Artemisia annua in
Langtang South area of Plateau State against Plasmodium berghei and the
phytochemical screening of the leaf extract is to evaluate the efficacy,
phytochemical content and possible indigenization of the herbal based medicine
which for now is not native to Nigeria.
Methodology
In vivo anti-malarial sensitivity of plant extract was assessed using the 4-day test
for anti-malarial activity against a chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei
NK65 strain in Swiss albino mice, Phytochemical analysis and the lethal dose
(LD50) in mice screening were also determined.
Results
There was a dose -dependent inhibition of parasitaemia in the In vivo
antiplasmodial tests, with maximum effect at 300 mg/kg. LD50 in mice was
estimated to be 2750 mg/kg and the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence
of terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and carbohydrate.
Conclusion
The leaf extract of A. annua contains biologically active principles that possess
anti-malarial activities, therefore further studies of its active components will be
carried out.
of marine algae Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen, Chlorophyta) from Mandapam
region of Gulf of Mannar Southeast coast of India were tested against Grampositive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus
pyogenes Gram-negative strains Escharichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium,
Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The preliminary phytochemical
analysis of extract from Enteromorpha flexuosa showed the presence of
biologically active compounds namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids
cardiac glycosides and tannins. Results demonstrated that methanolic extract of
Enteromorpha flexuosa exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed that the extract of Enteromorpha
flexuosa recorded maximum activity against Streptococcus pyogenes.
concentration in soil and crops grown over it which was not done before in
Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methodology and Analysis: From in and around Mathura city, 12 different
samples of soil from 12 different fields of 4 different villages were collected
along with 12 samples of crops namely rice, wheat and potato grown over it for
fluoride estimation. The fluoride concentration in ppm was estimated by using Ion
selective electrode method. The data thus collected was put for statistical analysis
using Paired t-test and ANOVA-test to find the correlation between fluoride
concentration in soil and crops grown over it.
Results: It was found that the mean fluoride concentration of soil was 1.41ppm
and in rice, wheat and potato were 0.342ppm, 0.305ppm and 1.025ppm
respectively. It was also found that irrespective of fluoride concentration in soil,
the fluoride concentration in potato was found to be more as compared to rice and
wheat which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: The concentration of fluoride in crops consumed in the locality as
seen in this study should be considered as an important source of fluoride in
addition to other sources such as water, milk, tea etc.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the
joints and other body organs, which 1 % of the human population is affected. RA
induced in the fourth and fifth decades of life and in women is more common.
Kelussiao doratissima contains compounds such as flavonoids, mainly aggregated
in the inflorescence and stems of Kelussia, has anti-inflammatory effects. Present
study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Kelussia odoratissima
on rheumatoid arthritis induced in Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods
A total of 30 female Wistar rats using subcutaneous injection of complete
Freund's adjuvant has been induced and were randomly divided into five groups
containing negative control (no treatment), positive control (receiving
indomethacin (3mg/ Kg) and three rheumatoid arthritis group receiving three
different doses (100,200and 300mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic Kelussia odoratissima
extract. material injection were tested in the animals for 10 days.
The symptomsof Rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated according to standardized
scoring method at paw and double-blind for the different categories daily. CRP
levels were measured and Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program
(version 17 for Windows). In all the cases for comparison between different
groups, Mann-Whitney U-test was used.
Results
The symptoms indicating disease severity was observed in the treated group
compared to the negative control so that decreasing trend in disease severity in the
group receiving300 mg / kg of Kelussia extract was significant However these
verity of the disease was increasingly in the negative control. Serum CRP levels
in groups () were significantly decreased.
Conclusions
Kelussia odortissima has a anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the
inflammation and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Thusit can be used as a drug
for reducing and controlling inflammation in Rheumatoid arthritis.
affect younger people. About 25% of population are sharing at least one of the
liver problems; cirrhosis, hepatitis C virus HCV and/or hepatocellular carcinoma
HCC with 100,000 death rate annually. Screening of 50 Egyptian spices,
vegetables and wild plants for cytotoxicity against HepG2, successfully
uncovered the presence of 13 potent cytotoxic plant extracts with IC50 ranging
from 2.5 - 20 µg/ml and 20 extracts with moderate activities with IC50 20-50
µg/ml. The rest of extracts showed week cytotoxic activities (IC50 > 50µg/ml,
compared with Doxorubicin (IC50 21.4 µg/ml).
Saudi Arabia (KSA) because the Western diet is replacing the traditional Arabic
diet. This has resulted in an alarming increase in the number of overweight and
obese children and adolescents in KSA. It is well documented that lifestyle and
faulty eating habits are strongly associated with the development of obesity.
Aim of the study: This research studied the prevalence of overweight and obesity
among selected adolescents and early adults and the relationship of BMI to
physical activity, snacking and meal skipping pattern.
Materials and methods: In 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted among
1000 female adolescents and early adults (19-24 years old) who were selected by
random sampling from four randomly sampled colleges from the University of
Hail KSA. The BMI was assessed using height and weight measurements. Dietary
habits were evaluated by a pre validated questionnaire which included food
frequency, snacking and meal skipping pattern questions.
Results: The results of the study revealed that a majority of the subjects belonged
to the normal weight category (50 %), followed by overweight (28 %),
underweight (12 %) and obese (10 %) category. Incidence of overweight or
obesity was not related to physical activity, number of snacks and meal skipping
habits of the subjects. A significantly higher percentage of underweight or normal
weight subjects involved in snacking when compared to obese subjects.
Practical implications: In summary, increased weight status of Saudi adolescents
and early adults was not significantly related to physical activity, frequency of
snacking and meal skipping patterns. This indicates the importance of rapid
promotion of including judicious food choices in the main diets and snacks of
Saudi Arabian adolescents.
fungal) infections. Since the discovery of these antibiotics and their uses as
chemotherapeutic agents there was a belief in the medical fraternity that this
would lead to the eventual eradication of infectious diseases. There is a
continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with
diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has
been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious
diseases. Another big concern is the development of resistance to the antibiotics
in current clinical use. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic
bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present
scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic
organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from
other sources including plants. Higher plants produce hundreds to thousands of
diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities. The
antimicrobial compounds produced by plants are active against plant and human
pathogenic microorganisms. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites
other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microbial
pathogens.
varieties worldwide. Ocimum sanctum emits a spicy scent when bruised. It is
believed to purify expectorants, and called the “wonder herb”. Tulsi is pungent
and bitter in taste, pungent in the post digestive effect and has hot potency. The
roots, leaves and seeds of Tulsi possess several medicinal properties. Ayurvedic
texts categorise Tulsi as stimulant, aromatic and antipyretic. It has a variety of
biological / pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,
anti protozoal, anti malarial, anthelmentic, anti diarrhoeal, analgesic, antipyretic,
anti inflammatory, anti allergic, antihypertensive, cardio protective, central
nervous system (CNS) depressant, memory enhancer, antihypercholesterolaemic, hepatoprotective, anti diabetic, anti asthmatic, anti thyroidic,
antioxidant, anticancer, chemopreventive, radio protective, immunomodulatory,
anti fertility, antiulcer, anti arthritic, adaptogenic / anti stress, anti cataract, anti
leucodermal and anticoagulant activities. Its leaves are helpful in sharpening
memory and in curing fever and common cold. Ocimum contains fixed oil which
is confirmed by chemical tests for glycerine. The plant increased the physical
endurance and prevented stress-induced ulcers.
as the botanical name, family, local name, habit, part used and their traditional methods of drugs administration in different ailments was presented. The informant consensus factor (ICF) and use value (UV) was calculated to know the relative importance of each species. The paper enumerated143 species belonging
to 123 genera and 59 families. Ailments were categorized into 17 categories. Most of the species were used for treating dermatological disorders followed by gastrointestinal, skeleto-muscular, respiratory and common fever etc. 58 % species were reported from wild sources, 16 % were from cultivated home
gardens and 26 % were collected from both cultivated and wild sources. The use value of plant species were ranged from 0.15 to 1.70. The informant consensus factors for different ailment category ranged from 0.67 to 0.83. The study concluded that the systematic documentation and conservation of local medicinal plants and traditional herbal knowledge will be helpful for botanical and pharmacological research in future.
‘Alpinia’ genera belonging to family ‘Zingiberaceae’. ‘Zingiberaceae’ is a family
of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping
horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising about 52 genera and more than 1300
species. In this review information about selected species was to be collected. For
collect ing information about that plants various sources were to be used. This
sources provided information of plants including their synonym, distribution,
description, medicinal uses, chemical constituents etc. From these studies we are
concluding that their exists species of plants of ‘Alpinia’ genera, belonging to
family, ‘Zingiberaceae’ with lots of chemical constituents and possesses
beneficial medicinal properties. Due to this various parts like seeds, flowers,
fruits, stems and roots of these plants are used in treatment of various diseases.
pieces, SM formula granule, liquored SM pieces) were compared to explore their
comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In three mice models, the hot
plate test and the writhing test were used to analyze their analgesic effect, and the
ear edema test was carried out to assess their anti-inflammatory effect. Compared
with the corresponding model control group, the results suggested that the three
different SM decoctions all had definite effect in prolonging t he latency to licking
a hind paw or jumping, reducing the writhing rate within 30 min and narrowing
the deviation between the weight of ears. Furthermore, liquored SM pieces and
SM formula granule had better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect than crude
SM pieces and no obvious differences appeared between liquored SM pieces and
SM formula granule.
americana was tested in vitro on bacterial isolates namely: Streptococcus
pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis (NCIB 3610), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIB
8588), Escherichia coli (NCIB 86), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIB 418) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIB 950), using the agar well diffusion method. The
leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of the test organisms at a concentration
of 50.0mg/ml except Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and
Escherichia coli (NCIB 86), while the bark extract at the same concentration
inhibited the test organisms except Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus
subtilis (NCIB 3610) and Escherichia coli (NCIB 86). The highest zone of
inhibition of 6.0 mm and 12.0 mm was observed on Staphylococcus aureus
(NCIB 8588) for the leaf and bark extract respectively, while the least zone of
inhibition was observed on Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.0 mm) for leaf extract and
Proteus mirabilis (3.0 mm) for bark extract. The Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration (MIC) of the leaf extract ranged from 10.0 to 30.0 mg/ml and 5.0
to 30.0 mg/ml for the bark extract. The antibacterial activity of the methanolic
plant extract inhibited the growth of the test isolates as much as that of the
commercial antibiotics. There was a decrease in the bacterial count as the
exposure time to the extract increased in the rate of killing of the plant extracts on
the isolates. Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids
were observed to be common to both extracts. The bark extract exhibited a higher
antibacterial activity as compared to the leaf extract.
common dermatological disease present in the oral cavity. It is mostly found in
middle aged and elderly Indian population with a prevalence rate of 2.6%. The
purpose of this article is to highlight a case of oral lichen planus affecting a 22-year-old male without concomitant cutaneous lesions who had been treated earlier
with topical steroid but repeated recurrence of the lesion made us to shift the
treatment from steroid to herbal curcumin which yielded positive results.
Medicinal plant research has become very important considering the herbal
resources our rain forest is bestowed with which if harnessed could solve the
challenges in malaria treatment in the area of accessibility and treatment cost. The
present study on antimalarial activity of locally cultivated Artemisia annua in
Langtang South area of Plateau State against Plasmodium berghei and the
phytochemical screening of the leaf extract is to evaluate the efficacy,
phytochemical content and possible indigenization of the herbal based medicine
which for now is not native to Nigeria.
Methodology
In vivo anti-malarial sensitivity of plant extract was assessed using the 4-day test
for anti-malarial activity against a chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei
NK65 strain in Swiss albino mice, Phytochemical analysis and the lethal dose
(LD50) in mice screening were also determined.
Results
There was a dose -dependent inhibition of parasitaemia in the In vivo
antiplasmodial tests, with maximum effect at 300 mg/kg. LD50 in mice was
estimated to be 2750 mg/kg and the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence
of terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and carbohydrate.
Conclusion
The leaf extract of A. annua contains biologically active principles that possess
anti-malarial activities, therefore further studies of its active components will be
carried out.
of marine algae Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen, Chlorophyta) from Mandapam
region of Gulf of Mannar Southeast coast of India were tested against Grampositive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus
pyogenes Gram-negative strains Escharichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium,
Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The preliminary phytochemical
analysis of extract from Enteromorpha flexuosa showed the presence of
biologically active compounds namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids
cardiac glycosides and tannins. Results demonstrated that methanolic extract of
Enteromorpha flexuosa exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed that the extract of Enteromorpha
flexuosa recorded maximum activity against Streptococcus pyogenes.
concentration in soil and crops grown over it which was not done before in
Mathura city, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methodology and Analysis: From in and around Mathura city, 12 different
samples of soil from 12 different fields of 4 different villages were collected
along with 12 samples of crops namely rice, wheat and potato grown over it for
fluoride estimation. The fluoride concentration in ppm was estimated by using Ion
selective electrode method. The data thus collected was put for statistical analysis
using Paired t-test and ANOVA-test to find the correlation between fluoride
concentration in soil and crops grown over it.
Results: It was found that the mean fluoride concentration of soil was 1.41ppm
and in rice, wheat and potato were 0.342ppm, 0.305ppm and 1.025ppm
respectively. It was also found that irrespective of fluoride concentration in soil,
the fluoride concentration in potato was found to be more as compared to rice and
wheat which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: The concentration of fluoride in crops consumed in the locality as
seen in this study should be considered as an important source of fluoride in
addition to other sources such as water, milk, tea etc.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the
joints and other body organs, which 1 % of the human population is affected. RA
induced in the fourth and fifth decades of life and in women is more common.
Kelussiao doratissima contains compounds such as flavonoids, mainly aggregated
in the inflorescence and stems of Kelussia, has anti-inflammatory effects. Present
study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Kelussia odoratissima
on rheumatoid arthritis induced in Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods
A total of 30 female Wistar rats using subcutaneous injection of complete
Freund's adjuvant has been induced and were randomly divided into five groups
containing negative control (no treatment), positive control (receiving
indomethacin (3mg/ Kg) and three rheumatoid arthritis group receiving three
different doses (100,200and 300mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic Kelussia odoratissima
extract. material injection were tested in the animals for 10 days.
The symptomsof Rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated according to standardized
scoring method at paw and double-blind for the different categories daily. CRP
levels were measured and Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program
(version 17 for Windows). In all the cases for comparison between different
groups, Mann-Whitney U-test was used.
Results
The symptoms indicating disease severity was observed in the treated group
compared to the negative control so that decreasing trend in disease severity in the
group receiving300 mg / kg of Kelussia extract was significant However these
verity of the disease was increasingly in the negative control. Serum CRP levels
in groups () were significantly decreased.
Conclusions
Kelussia odortissima has a anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the
inflammation and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Thusit can be used as a drug
for reducing and controlling inflammation in Rheumatoid arthritis.
affect younger people. About 25% of population are sharing at least one of the
liver problems; cirrhosis, hepatitis C virus HCV and/or hepatocellular carcinoma
HCC with 100,000 death rate annually. Screening of 50 Egyptian spices,
vegetables and wild plants for cytotoxicity against HepG2, successfully
uncovered the presence of 13 potent cytotoxic plant extracts with IC50 ranging
from 2.5 - 20 µg/ml and 20 extracts with moderate activities with IC50 20-50
µg/ml. The rest of extracts showed week cytotoxic activities (IC50 > 50µg/ml,
compared with Doxorubicin (IC50 21.4 µg/ml).
Saudi Arabia (KSA) because the Western diet is replacing the traditional Arabic
diet. This has resulted in an alarming increase in the number of overweight and
obese children and adolescents in KSA. It is well documented that lifestyle and
faulty eating habits are strongly associated with the development of obesity.
Aim of the study: This research studied the prevalence of overweight and obesity
among selected adolescents and early adults and the relationship of BMI to
physical activity, snacking and meal skipping pattern.
Materials and methods: In 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted among
1000 female adolescents and early adults (19-24 years old) who were selected by
random sampling from four randomly sampled colleges from the University of
Hail KSA. The BMI was assessed using height and weight measurements. Dietary
habits were evaluated by a pre validated questionnaire which included food
frequency, snacking and meal skipping pattern questions.
Results: The results of the study revealed that a majority of the subjects belonged
to the normal weight category (50 %), followed by overweight (28 %),
underweight (12 %) and obese (10 %) category. Incidence of overweight or
obesity was not related to physical activity, number of snacks and meal skipping
habits of the subjects. A significantly higher percentage of underweight or normal
weight subjects involved in snacking when compared to obese subjects.
Practical implications: In summary, increased weight status of Saudi adolescents
and early adults was not significantly related to physical activity, frequency of
snacking and meal skipping patterns. This indicates the importance of rapid
promotion of including judicious food choices in the main diets and snacks of
Saudi Arabian adolescents.
fungal) infections. Since the discovery of these antibiotics and their uses as
chemotherapeutic agents there was a belief in the medical fraternity that this
would lead to the eventual eradication of infectious diseases. There is a
continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with
diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has
been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious
diseases. Another big concern is the development of resistance to the antibiotics
in current clinical use. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic
bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present
scenario of emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic
organisms, this has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from
other sources including plants. Higher plants produce hundreds to thousands of
diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities. The
antimicrobial compounds produced by plants are active against plant and human
pathogenic microorganisms. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites
other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microbial
pathogens.
varieties worldwide. Ocimum sanctum emits a spicy scent when bruised. It is
believed to purify expectorants, and called the “wonder herb”. Tulsi is pungent
and bitter in taste, pungent in the post digestive effect and has hot potency. The
roots, leaves and seeds of Tulsi possess several medicinal properties. Ayurvedic
texts categorise Tulsi as stimulant, aromatic and antipyretic. It has a variety of
biological / pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,
anti protozoal, anti malarial, anthelmentic, anti diarrhoeal, analgesic, antipyretic,
anti inflammatory, anti allergic, antihypertensive, cardio protective, central
nervous system (CNS) depressant, memory enhancer, antihypercholesterolaemic, hepatoprotective, anti diabetic, anti asthmatic, anti thyroidic,
antioxidant, anticancer, chemopreventive, radio protective, immunomodulatory,
anti fertility, antiulcer, anti arthritic, adaptogenic / anti stress, anti cataract, anti
leucodermal and anticoagulant activities. Its leaves are helpful in sharpening
memory and in curing fever and common cold. Ocimum contains fixed oil which
is confirmed by chemical tests for glycerine. The plant increased the physical
endurance and prevented stress-induced ulcers.