The musculature of the shoulder, arm, and forearm was studied in 19 genera of squirrels, represen... more The musculature of the shoulder, arm, and forearm was studied in 19 genera of squirrels, representing the Pteromyinae (flying squirrels) and all 7 tribes of the Sciurinae (tree and ground squirrels). The objective was to locate derived anatomical features of functional or phylogenetic significance and to determine how much morphological variation underlies the diverse locomotor behavior of squirrels, which includes terrestrial and arboreal bounding, climbing, digging, and gliding. The fossil evidence suggests that arboreality is primitive for squirrels, and in fact tree squirrels appear to represent the primitive sciurid morphology. Ground squirrels are less uniform and exhibit a few derived features, including a clavobrachialis muscle not seen in other squirrels. Pygmy tree squirrels, which have evolved independently in three tribes, exhibit convergence of forelimb anatomy, including the loss or reduction of several muscles in the shoulder and forearm. The forelimb anatomy of flyin...
... GuPTA, BB 1966. Notes on the gliding mechanism in the flying squirrel. Occasional Papers of t... more ... GuPTA, BB 1966. Notes on the gliding mechanism in the flying squirrel. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 645:1-7. HOFFMANN, RS, CG ANDERSON, RW THORINGTON, JR., AND LR HEANEY. 1993. Family Sciuridae. ...
The musculature of the shoulder, arm, and forearm was studied in 19 genera of squirrels, represen... more The musculature of the shoulder, arm, and forearm was studied in 19 genera of squirrels, representing the Pteromyinae (flying squirrels) and all 7 tribes of the Sciurinae (tree and ground squirrels). The objective was to locate derived anatomical features of functional or phylogenetic significance and to determine how much morphological variation underlies the diverse locomotor behavior of squirrels, which includes terrestrial and arboreal bounding, climbing, digging, and gliding. The fossil evidence suggests that arboreality is primitive for squirrels, and in fact tree squirrels appear to represent the primitive sciurid morphology. Ground squirrels are less uniform and exhibit a few derived features, including a clavobrachialis muscle not seen in other squirrels. Pygmy tree squirrels, which have evolved independently in three tribes, exhibit convergence of forelimb anatomy, including the loss or reduction of several muscles in the shoulder and forearm. The forelimb anatomy of flyin...
... GuPTA, BB 1966. Notes on the gliding mechanism in the flying squirrel. Occasional Papers of t... more ... GuPTA, BB 1966. Notes on the gliding mechanism in the flying squirrel. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 645:1-7. HOFFMANN, RS, CG ANDERSON, RW THORINGTON, JR., AND LR HEANEY. 1993. Family Sciuridae. ...
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