A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, ... more A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, & Fraser-Thomas, 2007) and continuing to seek learning opportunities through a variety of informal and non-formal learning methods (e.g. discussion with other coaches, trial and error, observation, advice of a mentor, clinics, web sites, books and videos) (Trudel & Gilbert, 2005). Since coaches tend to prefer informal and non-formal learning methods (Mallet, Trudel, Lyle, & Rynne, 2009), the importance of developing a community of colleagues to share insight, acquire resources and provide emotional support is an essential component of planning your journey in coaching (Cushion & Denstone, 2011). Although coaching educators have established the benefits of learning through a community of coaches (Culver & Trudel, 2006), there is minimal literature (Kornspan & Duve, 2013) on how to develop a network of colleagues in coaching. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe four strategies that can help in cultivating a coaching network for long-term success by (1) meeting coaches, (2) developing a mutual level of trust, (3) working within your network, and (4) maintaining your network.
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, Jan 2, 2022
ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theor... more ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theory categorizes two general mechanisms: (a) informational social influence and (b) normative social influence. Friends and family members represent normative social influences, while informational influences may be gleaned from the broadcast and print media, Internet, or brochures. The results represented a departure from other studies as informational social aspects exerted more weight on the choice of schools by male basketball players than normative social items in this study. The authors posit the combination of information readily accessed on phones and computers, as well as the recruit’s technological savviness from a young age, require recruiters to devote more time to providing relevant and recent information about their program and school on the Internet and other informational outlets to be successful.
The rise of Latinos in baseball in North America has given way to the increase of Latino American... more The rise of Latinos in baseball in North America has given way to the increase of Latino Americans as a consumer for marketing. The media is in a crucial position to address this growing trend. Sports media has been brilliant at capturing the ever-increasing trend of Hispanic markets, along with marketing campaigns targeting this population. There are still improvements that can be made in embracing Latino fans at every sports level. Latino players appearing on MLB and MiLB rosters are bringing in fans from various Latino communities, as audience members, markets and media. The question becomes, how do sports franchises and other businesses in the industry of sport recognize this new and growing market and capitalize on it?
International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
Head Men's Basketball coaches at the collegiate level are often portrayed as teachers with th... more Head Men's Basketball coaches at the collegiate level are often portrayed as teachers with the ability to dramatically elevate the productivity of their players. However, there is also the perception that perhaps head coaches are only as talented as the players on their team. Thus, a debate has ensued, do Men's Basketball coaches develop the players on their team, or is it in fact the talent of the players themselves that make a coach successful? Over the course of 17 seasons, and through the use of absorbed regression, over 80 coaches, as well as 28,581 player observations at the Division I level, were included in the data set. Results indicated that there were no substantial effects that most coaches significantly alter the productivity of the players. Some evidence was shown that there are some coaches who alter the productivity of the players. Thus, recruiting is essential to a team's success, and coaches should (re)consider how to develop their athletes throughout t...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, university and college student enrollment has decreased by slightly... more Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, university and college student enrollment has decreased by slightly more than 5% from fall 2019 to the present. While previous studies have revealed that student involvement in recreation center activities increases return and retention at college campuses, are these results still true during the COVID-19 pandemic? The results indicated that students agreed they returned and planned to remain at the university due to a sense of belonging created from involvement in recreation center activities. The results also revealed significant relationships between underclassmen and a sense of belonging from participating in recreation center activities. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is estimated that universities may lose between $17-$30 billion by 2025. From an applied viewpoint, the results offer information for university administrators to better understand how a student recreation center may attract and retain students during this unstable time in the U...
Student-athletes often identify with the athlete role and demonstrate high levels of athlete iden... more Student-athletes often identify with the athlete role and demonstrate high levels of athlete identity. High athlete identity leads to many unintended consequences such as low career maturity and difficulty adapting to a life beyond sport. Additionally, high athlete identity often leads to mental health concerns among the student-athlete population. Informed by self-categorization theory (Turner, 1982), the purpose of this study was to explore athlete identity and mental health among NCAA Division III student-athletes. The Athlete Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 were completed by 332 NCAA Division III student-athletes. The results demonstrated that Division III student-athletes did not identify highly with the athletic role and did not show concerning levels of anxiety, depression, and/or stress. Further, no relationship between athlete identity and mental health was found. This study strives to provide a keen insight into the athlete ide...
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2022
ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theor... more ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theory categorizes two general mechanisms: (a) informational social influence and (b) normative social influence. Friends and family members represent normative social influences, while informational influences may be gleaned from the broadcast and print media, Internet, or brochures. The results represented a departure from other studies as informational social aspects exerted more weight on the choice of schools by male basketball players than normative social items in this study. The authors posit the combination of information readily accessed on phones and computers, as well as the recruit’s technological savviness from a young age, require recruiters to devote more time to providing relevant and recent information about their program and school on the Internet and other informational outlets to be successful.
NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics are a major business in today’s world. With the elevate... more NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics are a major business in today’s world. With the elevated popularity of intercollegiate athletics though television platforms and social media technology, it is imperative that intercollegiate athletics’ programs explore increased options in attracting fans to the two most revenue producing sports: football and men’s basketball. This is an absolute must by both Power 5 and Group of 5 institutions. The Power 5 conferences include the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), Big Ten Conference (B1G), Big 12 Conference, PAC-12 Conference, and Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Group of 5 (sometimes called the G5 or Go5) include the American Conference (AAC), Conference USA (C-USA), the Mid-American Conference (MAC), the Mountain West Conference (MW), and the Sun Belt Conference. Intercollegiate athletic institutions’ seek a consistent flow of sports’ fans at their home venue events. These sought-after fans are desired to fill stadiums and arenas to capa...
Coaching at the collegiate level requires a varied skill set in a competitive environment, where ... more Coaching at the collegiate level requires a varied skill set in a competitive environment, where coaching positions have a high turnover rate. Preparing to work as a coach at the collegiate level is often self-driven and aligns with how coaches learn in other contexts. Research on the career progression of collegiate coaches is scant and tends to focus on gender differences or one’s desire to become a head coach. Recently, research has expanded to examine the preparation of coach developers and their role in guiding coach development activities in a variety of contexts. Therefore, guided by the literature on coach development, the role of the coach developer in collegiate sport, and insight gleaned from a descriptive study on the career path of collegiate head coaches, this best practices article offers practical recommendations for coach developers to best serve collegiate coaches along their coaching journey.
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2020
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of football on student–athletes with... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of football on student–athletes with education-impacting disabilities. Nine football student–athletes diagnosed with education-impacting disabilities at one NCAA Division I institution participated in this study. Data from the semi-structured interviews revealed three themes: focus development, maturity development, and self-improvement. Overall, the data divulged that playing football allowed the participants to focus, clear their minds, become mentally strong, and develop a resilient work ethic. The participants also credited the sport for becoming better men.
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2017
ABSTRACT The electronic sports, or eSports, industry has grown into a multi-million dollar indust... more ABSTRACT The electronic sports, or eSports, industry has grown into a multi-million dollar industry. The significant growth of eSports can be seen far beyond the participation numbers and spans from eSports’ events being hosted in major arenas and televised on ESPN. Most recently eSports were added to intercollegiate athletic departments. Though eSports has gained a lot of momentum economically and in popularity, academic research and study in the area of eSports is still in its infancy. This paper presents: (1) a brief history of eSports, (2) a further developed definition of eSports, (3) eSports size and market scope, (4) and provides an overview of eSports in intercollegiate athletics to date. The main goals of this paper are to create awareness around the economic growth of eSports and shed light on the potential positive implications of adding eSports to intercollegiate athletic departments. Boosting participation numbers, revenue generation, and creating diversity within an athletic department are all considered in this paper.
College and university basketball programs have become very competitive in America for two major ... more College and university basketball programs have become very competitive in America for two major reasons. First, because the sport is a five-on-five contest, all universities regardless of the size of their student body can have a college basketball team and can support a competitive basketball program. Second, the ever-popular NCAA Tournament has generated an enormous amount of financial capital for the NCAA in general and all colleges. As a result of this popularity and the national will that my team can win, there has developed a highly competitive recruiting frenzy by NCAA Division I college basketball coaches to garner the top college basketball players. Recruiting is the lifeblood of any college basketball program. It is extremely crucial for all college basketball programs, whether they are a high-major, mid-major, or low-major Division I college, to attempt to land the most talented and skilled college basketball student-athletes possible. The purposes of this study were: (1) to develop a profile of Big 12 Conference male basketball players, (2) to identify factors influencing school choice, and (3) to identify the individuals who influenced school choice. The study focused on male college basketball student-athletes from Big 12 Conference member institutions. All 12 of these institutions are located in the Midwest or Southwest geographic regions of the United States. The ultimate goal of this study was to provide invaluable information that can assist college basketball coaches, student-athletes, and parents to make appropriate decisions during the recruitment process. The study was conducted during the fall semester of 2007. The results indicate that more than 50% of the male basketball student-athletes in the schools under study were African-American with the overall majority being juniors and sophomores. More than half of the student-athletes at Big 12 participating schools had a high school GPA of 3.0 or higher and come from high schools with graduating classes of 700 or more and 100 or less. The most significant factors affecting school choice, in rank order, were the student-athletes’ relationship with the head coach, the opportunity to play in the NCAA Tournament, the reputation of the head coach, the opportunity to play in the Big 12 Conference, the head coach’s style of play, and the student-athlete’s relationship with the assistant coach(s). Additionally, they selected their mothers and fathers as the individuals most influential in their choice of a university. The Big 12 university head coach was selected by two-thirds of the student-athletes at five of the nine participating institutions as influencing their school choice. The campus facilities that impressed student athletes the most and, therefore, affected their school choice, in rank order, were the basketball arena and the institution’s athletic facilities. The campus contacts that were most influential in male basketball student-athletes’ selection of a university, in rank order, were telephone calls from the head coach, visits from the head coach to the school or home during the contact period, and visits from the head coach to high school games. The results of this study indicate that Big 12 Conference schools should evaluate how student-athletes perceive their athletic programs after their initial enrollment. Adjustments should be made to the recruitment processes based on the results of such studies
A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, ... more A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, & Fraser-Thomas, 2007) and continuing to seek learning opportunities through a variety of informal and non-formal learning methods (e.g. discussion with other coaches, trial and error, observation, advice of a mentor, clinics, web sites, books and videos) (Trudel & Gilbert, 2005). Since coaches tend to prefer informal and non-formal learning methods (Mallet, Trudel, Lyle, & Rynne, 2009), the importance of developing a community of colleagues to share insight, acquire resources and provide emotional support is an essential component of planning your journey in coaching (Cushion & Denstone, 2011). Although coaching educators have established the benefits of learning through a community of coaches (Culver & Trudel, 2006), there is minimal literature (Kornspan & Duve, 2013) on how to develop a network of colleagues in coaching. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe four strategies that can help in cultivating a coaching network for long-term success by (1) meeting coaches, (2) developing a mutual level of trust, (3) working within your network, and (4) maintaining your network.
The Academic Progress Report, commonly referred to as APR, is an evaluation tool established by t... more The Academic Progress Report, commonly referred to as APR, is an evaluation tool established by the NCAA to monitor current academic progress for Division I intercollegiate student-athletes in regard to eligibility, retention, and graduation. APR data collection was initially started with the 2003-04 academic year. The first data report was released in February 2005 for all Division I member institutions. The Academic Progress Report was born out of a need to better calculate graduation rates and is a continuous assessment tool for the NCAA. Under this new system, the APR awards two points each term to student-athletes who meet all minimum academic eligibility standards and who remain at that Division I institution. The Division I Board of Directors approved 925 as the minimum cut off score for all teams. The 925 score out of a possible 1,000 translates to approximately sixty percent on the new Graduation Success Rate (GSR). The GSR is an alternate graduation rate system that was al...
A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, ... more A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, & Fraser-Thomas, 2007) and continuing to seek learning opportunities through a variety of informal and non-formal learning methods (e.g. discussion with other coaches, trial and error, observation, advice of a mentor, clinics, web sites, books and videos) (Trudel & Gilbert, 2005). Since coaches tend to prefer informal and non-formal learning methods (Mallet, Trudel, Lyle, & Rynne, 2009), the importance of developing a community of colleagues to share insight, acquire resources and provide emotional support is an essential component of planning your journey in coaching (Cushion & Denstone, 2011). Although coaching educators have established the benefits of learning through a community of coaches (Culver & Trudel, 2006), there is minimal literature (Kornspan & Duve, 2013) on how to develop a network of colleagues in coaching. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe four strategies that can help in cultivating a coaching network for long-term success by (1) meeting coaches, (2) developing a mutual level of trust, (3) working within your network, and (4) maintaining your network.
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, Jan 2, 2022
ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theor... more ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theory categorizes two general mechanisms: (a) informational social influence and (b) normative social influence. Friends and family members represent normative social influences, while informational influences may be gleaned from the broadcast and print media, Internet, or brochures. The results represented a departure from other studies as informational social aspects exerted more weight on the choice of schools by male basketball players than normative social items in this study. The authors posit the combination of information readily accessed on phones and computers, as well as the recruit’s technological savviness from a young age, require recruiters to devote more time to providing relevant and recent information about their program and school on the Internet and other informational outlets to be successful.
The rise of Latinos in baseball in North America has given way to the increase of Latino American... more The rise of Latinos in baseball in North America has given way to the increase of Latino Americans as a consumer for marketing. The media is in a crucial position to address this growing trend. Sports media has been brilliant at capturing the ever-increasing trend of Hispanic markets, along with marketing campaigns targeting this population. There are still improvements that can be made in embracing Latino fans at every sports level. Latino players appearing on MLB and MiLB rosters are bringing in fans from various Latino communities, as audience members, markets and media. The question becomes, how do sports franchises and other businesses in the industry of sport recognize this new and growing market and capitalize on it?
International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching
Head Men's Basketball coaches at the collegiate level are often portrayed as teachers with th... more Head Men's Basketball coaches at the collegiate level are often portrayed as teachers with the ability to dramatically elevate the productivity of their players. However, there is also the perception that perhaps head coaches are only as talented as the players on their team. Thus, a debate has ensued, do Men's Basketball coaches develop the players on their team, or is it in fact the talent of the players themselves that make a coach successful? Over the course of 17 seasons, and through the use of absorbed regression, over 80 coaches, as well as 28,581 player observations at the Division I level, were included in the data set. Results indicated that there were no substantial effects that most coaches significantly alter the productivity of the players. Some evidence was shown that there are some coaches who alter the productivity of the players. Thus, recruiting is essential to a team's success, and coaches should (re)consider how to develop their athletes throughout t...
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, university and college student enrollment has decreased by slightly... more Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, university and college student enrollment has decreased by slightly more than 5% from fall 2019 to the present. While previous studies have revealed that student involvement in recreation center activities increases return and retention at college campuses, are these results still true during the COVID-19 pandemic? The results indicated that students agreed they returned and planned to remain at the university due to a sense of belonging created from involvement in recreation center activities. The results also revealed significant relationships between underclassmen and a sense of belonging from participating in recreation center activities. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is estimated that universities may lose between $17-$30 billion by 2025. From an applied viewpoint, the results offer information for university administrators to better understand how a student recreation center may attract and retain students during this unstable time in the U...
Student-athletes often identify with the athlete role and demonstrate high levels of athlete iden... more Student-athletes often identify with the athlete role and demonstrate high levels of athlete identity. High athlete identity leads to many unintended consequences such as low career maturity and difficulty adapting to a life beyond sport. Additionally, high athlete identity often leads to mental health concerns among the student-athlete population. Informed by self-categorization theory (Turner, 1982), the purpose of this study was to explore athlete identity and mental health among NCAA Division III student-athletes. The Athlete Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 were completed by 332 NCAA Division III student-athletes. The results demonstrated that Division III student-athletes did not identify highly with the athletic role and did not show concerning levels of anxiety, depression, and/or stress. Further, no relationship between athlete identity and mental health was found. This study strives to provide a keen insight into the athlete ide...
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2022
ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theor... more ABSTRACT The theory of social influence reveals how people may be influenced by others. The theory categorizes two general mechanisms: (a) informational social influence and (b) normative social influence. Friends and family members represent normative social influences, while informational influences may be gleaned from the broadcast and print media, Internet, or brochures. The results represented a departure from other studies as informational social aspects exerted more weight on the choice of schools by male basketball players than normative social items in this study. The authors posit the combination of information readily accessed on phones and computers, as well as the recruit’s technological savviness from a young age, require recruiters to devote more time to providing relevant and recent information about their program and school on the Internet and other informational outlets to be successful.
NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics are a major business in today’s world. With the elevate... more NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics are a major business in today’s world. With the elevated popularity of intercollegiate athletics though television platforms and social media technology, it is imperative that intercollegiate athletics’ programs explore increased options in attracting fans to the two most revenue producing sports: football and men’s basketball. This is an absolute must by both Power 5 and Group of 5 institutions. The Power 5 conferences include the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), Big Ten Conference (B1G), Big 12 Conference, PAC-12 Conference, and Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Group of 5 (sometimes called the G5 or Go5) include the American Conference (AAC), Conference USA (C-USA), the Mid-American Conference (MAC), the Mountain West Conference (MW), and the Sun Belt Conference. Intercollegiate athletic institutions’ seek a consistent flow of sports’ fans at their home venue events. These sought-after fans are desired to fill stadiums and arenas to capa...
Coaching at the collegiate level requires a varied skill set in a competitive environment, where ... more Coaching at the collegiate level requires a varied skill set in a competitive environment, where coaching positions have a high turnover rate. Preparing to work as a coach at the collegiate level is often self-driven and aligns with how coaches learn in other contexts. Research on the career progression of collegiate coaches is scant and tends to focus on gender differences or one’s desire to become a head coach. Recently, research has expanded to examine the preparation of coach developers and their role in guiding coach development activities in a variety of contexts. Therefore, guided by the literature on coach development, the role of the coach developer in collegiate sport, and insight gleaned from a descriptive study on the career path of collegiate head coaches, this best practices article offers practical recommendations for coach developers to best serve collegiate coaches along their coaching journey.
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2020
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of football on student–athletes with... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of football on student–athletes with education-impacting disabilities. Nine football student–athletes diagnosed with education-impacting disabilities at one NCAA Division I institution participated in this study. Data from the semi-structured interviews revealed three themes: focus development, maturity development, and self-improvement. Overall, the data divulged that playing football allowed the participants to focus, clear their minds, become mentally strong, and develop a resilient work ethic. The participants also credited the sport for becoming better men.
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2017
ABSTRACT The electronic sports, or eSports, industry has grown into a multi-million dollar indust... more ABSTRACT The electronic sports, or eSports, industry has grown into a multi-million dollar industry. The significant growth of eSports can be seen far beyond the participation numbers and spans from eSports’ events being hosted in major arenas and televised on ESPN. Most recently eSports were added to intercollegiate athletic departments. Though eSports has gained a lot of momentum economically and in popularity, academic research and study in the area of eSports is still in its infancy. This paper presents: (1) a brief history of eSports, (2) a further developed definition of eSports, (3) eSports size and market scope, (4) and provides an overview of eSports in intercollegiate athletics to date. The main goals of this paper are to create awareness around the economic growth of eSports and shed light on the potential positive implications of adding eSports to intercollegiate athletic departments. Boosting participation numbers, revenue generation, and creating diversity within an athletic department are all considered in this paper.
College and university basketball programs have become very competitive in America for two major ... more College and university basketball programs have become very competitive in America for two major reasons. First, because the sport is a five-on-five contest, all universities regardless of the size of their student body can have a college basketball team and can support a competitive basketball program. Second, the ever-popular NCAA Tournament has generated an enormous amount of financial capital for the NCAA in general and all colleges. As a result of this popularity and the national will that my team can win, there has developed a highly competitive recruiting frenzy by NCAA Division I college basketball coaches to garner the top college basketball players. Recruiting is the lifeblood of any college basketball program. It is extremely crucial for all college basketball programs, whether they are a high-major, mid-major, or low-major Division I college, to attempt to land the most talented and skilled college basketball student-athletes possible. The purposes of this study were: (1) to develop a profile of Big 12 Conference male basketball players, (2) to identify factors influencing school choice, and (3) to identify the individuals who influenced school choice. The study focused on male college basketball student-athletes from Big 12 Conference member institutions. All 12 of these institutions are located in the Midwest or Southwest geographic regions of the United States. The ultimate goal of this study was to provide invaluable information that can assist college basketball coaches, student-athletes, and parents to make appropriate decisions during the recruitment process. The study was conducted during the fall semester of 2007. The results indicate that more than 50% of the male basketball student-athletes in the schools under study were African-American with the overall majority being juniors and sophomores. More than half of the student-athletes at Big 12 participating schools had a high school GPA of 3.0 or higher and come from high schools with graduating classes of 700 or more and 100 or less. The most significant factors affecting school choice, in rank order, were the student-athletes’ relationship with the head coach, the opportunity to play in the NCAA Tournament, the reputation of the head coach, the opportunity to play in the Big 12 Conference, the head coach’s style of play, and the student-athlete’s relationship with the assistant coach(s). Additionally, they selected their mothers and fathers as the individuals most influential in their choice of a university. The Big 12 university head coach was selected by two-thirds of the student-athletes at five of the nine participating institutions as influencing their school choice. The campus facilities that impressed student athletes the most and, therefore, affected their school choice, in rank order, were the basketball arena and the institution’s athletic facilities. The campus contacts that were most influential in male basketball student-athletes’ selection of a university, in rank order, were telephone calls from the head coach, visits from the head coach to the school or home during the contact period, and visits from the head coach to high school games. The results of this study indicate that Big 12 Conference schools should evaluate how student-athletes perceive their athletic programs after their initial enrollment. Adjustments should be made to the recruitment processes based on the results of such studies
A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, ... more A coach develops his or her craft by reflecting on previous playing experiences (Erickson, Côté, & Fraser-Thomas, 2007) and continuing to seek learning opportunities through a variety of informal and non-formal learning methods (e.g. discussion with other coaches, trial and error, observation, advice of a mentor, clinics, web sites, books and videos) (Trudel & Gilbert, 2005). Since coaches tend to prefer informal and non-formal learning methods (Mallet, Trudel, Lyle, & Rynne, 2009), the importance of developing a community of colleagues to share insight, acquire resources and provide emotional support is an essential component of planning your journey in coaching (Cushion & Denstone, 2011). Although coaching educators have established the benefits of learning through a community of coaches (Culver & Trudel, 2006), there is minimal literature (Kornspan & Duve, 2013) on how to develop a network of colleagues in coaching. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe four strategies that can help in cultivating a coaching network for long-term success by (1) meeting coaches, (2) developing a mutual level of trust, (3) working within your network, and (4) maintaining your network.
The Academic Progress Report, commonly referred to as APR, is an evaluation tool established by t... more The Academic Progress Report, commonly referred to as APR, is an evaluation tool established by the NCAA to monitor current academic progress for Division I intercollegiate student-athletes in regard to eligibility, retention, and graduation. APR data collection was initially started with the 2003-04 academic year. The first data report was released in February 2005 for all Division I member institutions. The Academic Progress Report was born out of a need to better calculate graduation rates and is a continuous assessment tool for the NCAA. Under this new system, the APR awards two points each term to student-athletes who meet all minimum academic eligibility standards and who remain at that Division I institution. The Division I Board of Directors approved 925 as the minimum cut off score for all teams. The 925 score out of a possible 1,000 translates to approximately sixty percent on the new Graduation Success Rate (GSR). The GSR is an alternate graduation rate system that was al...
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